Grevillea rosmarinifolia A.Cunn. Family - Proteaceae. Common Names(s) - Rosemary Grevillea. Synonym(s) - .

Answer

Score

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated?

y=-3, n=0

n

0

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

y=1, n=-1

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

y= 1, n=-1

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

See Append 2

1

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

2

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

y=1, n=0

n

0

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y=1, n=0

n

0

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range?

y=-2, ?=-1, n=0

y

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

y

1

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

y

1

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

y

1

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.02

Allelopathic

y=1, n=0

4.03

Parasitic

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

y=1, n=-1

4.05

Toxic to animals

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

y=1, n=0

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

y=1, n=0

y

1

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

y=1, n=0

4.10

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y=1, n=0

y

1

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.12

Forms dense thickets

y=1, n=0

5.01

Aquatic

y=5, n=0

n

0

5.02

Grass

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y=1, n=-1

y

1

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

y=1, n=-1

y

1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

y=1, n=-1

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

y=-1, n=0

n

0

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

See left

<4

0

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

y=1, n=-1

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

y=1, n=-1

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

y=1, n=-1

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

y=-1, n=1

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

y=1, n=-1

y

1

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

y=-1, n=1

Total score:

4

Notes

Source

1.01

(1)No evidence

(1)Wilson, A. J. G (ed.). 2000. Flora of Australia ; Vol.17A. Proteaceae 2. Grevillea. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia.

1.02

1.03

2.01

(1)Distribution and occurrence: Grows in woodland on tablelands near streams and on moist slopes, and in mallee and shrubland on the plains and Slopes on sandy soils, south from the Oberon district. NSW subdivisions: SC, CT, ST, CWS, SWS, SWP (2)Evergreen: Zones 9 to 11 (3)Hardiness: USDA Zone 8b: to -9.4 °C (15 °F) (4)G.rosmarinifolia is well known in cultivation as a hardy shrub for temperate climates in well drained soils and full sun to partial shade...Most forms are tolerant of medium to heavy frost and will withstand moderate pruning for shape.

(1)NEW SOUTH WALES FLORA ONLINE. http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Grevillea~rosmarinifolia [Accessed 06 Nov 2009] (2)Fisher. K. 2001. Taylor's guide to shrubs: how to select and grow more than 500 ornamental and useful shrubs for privacy, ground covers, and specimen plantings. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, New York, NY. (3)http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/59757/ [Accessed 06 Nov 2009] (4)http://asgap.org.au/g-ros.html [Accessed 06 Nov 2009]

2.02

(1)Distribution and occurrence: Grows in woodland on tablelands near streams and on moist slopes, and in mallee and shrubland on the plains and Slopes on sandy soils, south from the Oberon district. NSW subdivisions: SC, CT, ST, CWS, SWS, SWP (2)Evergreen: Zones 9 to 11 (3)Hardiness: USDA Zone 8b: to -9.4 °C (15 °F) (4)G.rosmarinifolia is well known in cultivation as a hardy shrub for temperate climates in well drained soils and full sun to partial shade...Most forms are tolerant of medium to heavy frost and will withstand moderate pruning for shape.

(1)NEW SOUTH WALES FLORA ONLINE. http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Grevillea~rosmarinifolia [Accessed 06 Nov 2009] (2)Fisher. K. 2001. Taylor's guide to shrubs: how to select and grow more than 500 ornamental and useful shrubs for privacy, ground covers, and specimen plantings. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, New York, NY. (3)http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/59757/ [Accessed 06 Nov 2009] (4)http://asgap.org.au/g-ros.html [Accessed 06 Nov 2009]

2.03

(1)Evergreen: Zones 9 to 11 (2)Hardiness: USDA Zone 8b: to -9.4 °C (15 °F) (3)G.rosmarinifolia is well known in cultivation as a hardy shrub for temperate climates in well drained soils and full sun to partial shade...Most forms are tolerant of medium to heavy frost and will withstand moderate pruning for shape.

(1)Fisher. K. 2001. Taylor's guide to shrubs: how to select and grow more than 500 ornamental and useful shrubs for privacy, ground covers, and specimen plantings. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, New York, NY. (2)http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/59757/ [Accessed 06 Nov 2009] (3)http://asgap.org.au/g-ros.html [Accessed 06 Nov 2009]

2.04

(1)A robust ornamental evergreen which, like the subject of Tab. 5973, thrives admirably in the damp mild climate of the West of England, but is only suited for a greenhouse in the more Eastern Counties.

(1)Bentham-Moxon Trust, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Stanley Smith Horticultural Trust. 1872. Curtis's botanical magazine, Volume 98.

2.05

(1)Table 2: Weed Species found in Pine Gully Reserve [includes Grevillea rosmarinifolia] (2)There are also a number of invasive species native to mainland Australia that need to be addressed regionally, of which the most problematic are Grevillea rosmarinifolia, Acacia pycnantha and Sollya heterophylla in dry forests, grassy or heathy ecosystems. [also listed as an environmental weed] (3)Common Invasive Garden Escapees of the Buloke Shire The following list contains species that are identified as invasive in the region and have previously been, or are currently, cultivated for use in home gardens or public spaces. [list includes Grevillea rosmarinifolia] (4)G. rosmarinifolia listed as a "plant to avoid" and invasive in "hills" [no further details on impacts] (5)INVASIVE PLANTS IN BUSHLAND ~ Adelaide Hills Council District N denotes Australian native but NOT native to this district [includes Grevillea rosmarinifolia]

(1)Greening Australia. 2003. Pine Gully Vegetation Management Plan. Available: http://www.tourism.holdfast.sa.gov.au/webdata/resources/files/MgmtPlan_Pine_Avenue_Gully.pdf [Accessed 06 Nov 2009] (2)Groves, R.H., Boden, R. & Lonsdale, W.M. 2005. Jumping the Garden Fence: Invasive Garden Plants in Australia and their environmental and agricultural impacts. CSIRO report prepared for WWF-Australia. WWF-Australia, Sydney. (3)http://www.nccma.vic.gov.au/library/scripts/objectifyMedia.aspx?file=pdf/19/46.pdf&siteID=
1&str_title=Common%20Invasive%20Garden%20Escapees%20of%20the%20Buloke%20Shire.pdf [Accessed 06 Nov 2009] (4)http://www.weedscrc.org.au/documents/fs26_alternatives_garden_plants.pdf [Accessed 06 Nov 2009] (5)BUSHLAND INVASIVE PLANTS. http://www.ahc.sa.gov.au/webdata/resources/files/bushland_invasive_plants.pdf [Accessed 06 Nov 2009]

3.01

(1)"The checklist contains species that are native to campus or have become naturalized in UC Santa Cruz. It does not include landscaping plants or arboretum plantings, but does include a few species that have escaped from cultivation, such as English ivy (Hedera helix) and rosemary grevillea (Grevillea rosmarinifolia). (2)Weedy Australian plant species naturalised (as garden escapees) in the Surf Coast Shire (Torquay to Lorne), Victoria [list includes Grevillea rosmarinifolia Rosemary Grevillea] (3)Alien plants dispersed by native invertebrates...Spread of the non-native species Grevillea rosmarinifolia and Viola ordorata is facilitated by the native ant Iridomyrmex purpureus in Australia

(1)http://www.ucsc.edu/lrdp/draft2005eir/2005deir-4.4-bioresources.pdf [Accessed 06 Nov 2009] (2)Invasive Species Council. 2009. ESCAPED GARDEN PLANTS AS A KEY THREATENING PROCESS. The Invasive Species Council Inc, Fairfield, Australia. Available from http://www.invasives.org.au/documents/file/submissions/ISC_submission_garden_KTP_april09B.pdf [Accessed 06 Nov 2009] (3)RICHARDSON, D. M., N. ALLSOPP, C. M. D'ANTONIO, S. J. MILTON and M. REJMANEK. 2000. Plant invasions ± the role of mutualisms. Biol. Rev. 75:65-93. (4)State of the Environment Report. http://www.environmentcom

3.02

(1)Table 2: Weed Species found in Pine Gully Reserve [includes Grevillea rosmarinifolia] (2)There are also a number of invasive species native to mainland Australia that need to be addressed regionally, of which the most problematic are Grevillea rosmarinifolia, Acacia pycnantha and Sollya heterophylla in dry forests, grassy or heathy ecosystems. [also listed as an environmental weed] (3)Common Invasive Garden Escapees of the Buloke Shire The following list contains species that are identified as invasive in the region and have previously been, or are currently, cultivated for use in home gardens or public spaces. [list includes Grevillea rosmarinifolia] (4)G. rosmarinifolia listed as a "plant to avoid" and invasive in "hills" [no further details on impacts] (5)INVASIVE PLANTS IN BUSHLAND ~ Adelaide Hills Council District N denotes Australian native but NOT native to this district [includes Grevillea rosmarinifolia] (6)We have included a list of ‘Weeds to Watch’ as we are not able to comprehensively cover, with an individual fact sheet, all the weeds present in, or threatening, the Molonglo Catchment. These weeds are known to be problematic in other regions. Some of these species may be considered ‘sleeper weeds’ – plants that are present in an area in small numbers and have the potential, with a slight change of conditions, to spread widely and have significant impacts. Climate change could be the driver of such weed spread and therefore, now, more than ever, it is advisable to keep these weeds on your radar and source further information to enable accurate identification and control. This is by no means a comprehensive list of potential problem weeds, however it does cover a broad range of weeds including all those from the ACT Pest Plants List 2005 and the relevant sections of the ‘Regional Weed Strategy – Murrumbidgee Catchment’ (2007).

(1)Greening Australia. 2003. Pine Gully Vegetation Management Plan. Available: http://www.tourism.holdfast.sa.gov.au/webdata/resources/files/MgmtPlan_Pine_Avenue_Gully.pdf [Accessed 06 Nov 2009] (2)Groves, R.H., Boden, R. & Lonsdale, W.M. 2005. Jumping the Garden Fence: Invasive Garden Plants in Australia and their environmental and agricultural impacts. CSIRO report prepared for WWF-Australia. WWF-Australia, Sydney. (3)http://www.nccma.vic.gov.au/library/scripts/objectifyMedia.aspx?file=pdf/19/46.pdf&siteID=
1&str_title=Common%20Invasive%20Garden%20Escapees%20of%20the%20Buloke%20Shire.pdf [Accessed 06 Nov 2009] (4)http://www.weedscrc.org.au/documents/fs26_alternatives_garden_plants.pdf [Accessed 06 Nov 2009] (5)BUSHLAND INVASIVE PLANTS. http://www.ahc.sa.gov.au/webdata/resources/files/bushland_invasive_plants.pdf [Accessed 06 Nov 2009] (6)http://www.molonglocatchment.com.au/Weeds/Documents/Brochures/Contr

3.03

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/species/grevillea_rosmarinifolia/ [Accessed 06 Nov 2009]

3.04

[Described as an environmental weed by many sources, but without description of impacts. Sufficient evidence to answer yes to 3.02]

3.05

(1)Grevillea robusta (silky oak) invasive throughout Sydney area, a known weed in the lower Blue Mountains . (2)Listed as a "Garden Thug" in New South Wales, with designation "X" weed of unknown importance (3)Listed as an invasive species in Jamaica, defined as "those alien species which threaten ecosystems, habitats or species." but the section on "Impacts" is left blank (4)Locally common at middle elevations in the more exposed parts of the eastern mountains 900-4200 ft [documents abundance in natural areas of Jamaica]

(1)http://www.bluemountains.org.au/conservation/DLEP2002/bmcssi2.shtml (2)Randall, R. 2001. Garden thugs, a national list of invasive and potentially invasive garden plants. Plant Protection Quarterly 16:138-171. (3)http://www.jamaicachm.org.jm/aliens_i_pl.htm (4)Adams, C.D. 1970. Flowering plants of Jamaica. University of the West Indies Press, Mona (5)http://www.weedwarriors.co.za/Pests1.html

4.01

(1)Small prickly shrub with dense, dark green needle leaves clothing the branches. Pink, spidery flowers are produced amongst the foliage throughout winter. Plants from the local area are smaller and less rampant than most garden cultivars of this species. [no specific mention of negative effects of prickly leaves, but could be a problem in certain situations]

(1)http://www.mcmc.org.au/file/reports/mcm_gardenbook_PT2.pdf [Accessed 09 Nov 2009]

4.02

Unknown

4.03

(1)Much branched rounded shrub 0.8-2.0 m tall. [no evidence]

(1)Wilson, A. J. G (ed.). 2000. Flora of Australia ; Vol.17A. Proteaceae 2. Grevillea. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia.

4.04

(1)Wish I could grow grevillea rosmarinifolia , but the kangaroos eat them down to nothing. (2)Deer resistant.

(1)http://www.au.gardenweb.com/forums/load/oznative/msg0118500532102.html [Accessed 06 Nov 2009] (2)http://www.urbantreefarm.com/utfn-catalog-1/shrubs-2/evergreen-shrub-16/grevillea-rosmarinifolia-1080.html [Accessed 09 Nov 2009]

4.05

(1)No evidence

(1)Wilson, A. J. G (ed.). 2000. Flora of Australia ; Vol.17A. Proteaceae 2. Grevillea. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia.

4.06

(1)Interaction with other organisms: Fungi Seimatosporium grevilleae, S. kennedyae causes leaf spot disease (B. Summerell pers. comm.). [Unknown]

(1)Benson, D. and L. McDougall. 2000. Ecology of Sydney plant species. Part 7b Dicotyledon families Proteaceae to Rubiaceae. Cunninghamia Vol. 6(4): 1016-1202.

4.07

(1)No evidence [despite reputation as a weed, no evidence of toxicity to humans]

(1)Wilson, A. J. G (ed.). 2000. Flora of Australia ; Vol.17A. Proteaceae 2. Grevillea. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia.

4.08

(1)High Flammability: These plants have been shown to be highly flammable and should not be planted or allowed to remain inside your house's Building Protection Zone within 10 metres). They should be used with discretion in the Fuel Modified Zone. (10 to 50 metres). Move these plants away from your house and replace them with less flammable plants. [includes Grevillea rosmarinifolia]

(1)http://www.apstas.com/sgaptas-fire.htm [Accessed 09 Nov 2009]

4.09

(1)easily grown in most well-drained soils and in full sun or semi-shade. (2)Full sun (3)Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade (4)G.rosmarinifolia is well known in cultivation as a hardy shrub for temperate climates in well drained soils and full sun to partial shade.

(1)Matthews, L. J. 2002. The protea book: a guide to cultivated Proteaceae. Timber Press, Portland, OR. (2)Fisher. K. 2001. Taylor's guide to shrubs: how to select and grow more than 500 ornamental and useful shrubs for privacy, ground covers, and specimen plantings. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, New York, NY. (3)http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/59757/ [Accessed 06 Nov 2009] (4)http://asgap.org.au/g-ros.html [Accessed 06 Nov 2009]

4.10

(1)easily grown in most well-drained soils and in full sun or semi-shade. (2)Soil pH requirements: 5.6 to 6.0 (acidic) 6.1 to 6.5 (mildly acidic) 6.6 to 7.5 (neutral) 7.6 to 7.8 (mildly alkaline)

(1)Matthews, L. J. 2002. The protea book: a guide to cultivated Proteaceae. Timber Press, Portland, OR. (2)http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/59757/ [Accessed 06 Nov 2009]

4.11

(1)Much branched rounded shrub 0.8-2.0 m tall.

(1)Wilson, A. J. G (ed.). 2000. Flora of Australia ; Vol.17A. Proteaceae 2. Grevillea. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia.

4.12

(1)The invasive Grevilleas, which form dense, prickly shrubs one metre tall by two metres wide, appear to be derived from Grevillea 'Canberra Gem', a common cultivar derived from G.rosmarinifolia. They can smother patches of native grassland wherever the Eucalyptus/Callitris canopy has been thinned by past clearing or by fire. [no information found on whether "true" G. rosmarinifolia forms dense thickets]

(1)http://www.aila.org.au/canberragarden/plants/Invasive%20Grevilleas.pdf [Accessed 06 Nov 2009]

5.01

(1)Terrestrial

(1)Wilson, A. J. G (ed.). 2000. Flora of Australia ; Vol.17A. Proteaceae 2. Grevillea. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia.

5.02

(1)Proteaceae

(1)Wilson, A. J. G (ed.). 2000. Flora of Australia ; Vol.17A. Proteaceae 2. Grevillea. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia.

5.03

(1)Proteaceae

(1)Wilson, A. J. G (ed.). 2000. Flora of Australia ; Vol.17A. Proteaceae 2. Grevillea. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia.

5.04

(1)Much branched rounded shrub 0.8-2.0 m tall.

(1)Wilson, A. J. G (ed.). 2000. Flora of Australia ; Vol.17A. Proteaceae 2. Grevillea. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia.

6.01

(1)No evidence

(1)Wilson, A. J. G (ed.). 2000. Flora of Australia ; Vol.17A. Proteaceae 2. Grevillea. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia.

6.02

(1)Regenerates from seed (2)Propagation: From seed, or cuttings which strike readily. Take cuttings 5-7 cm long from new growth with heels.

(1)Wilson, A. J. G (ed.). 2000. Flora of Australia ; Vol.17A. Proteaceae 2. Grevillea. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia. (2)http://www.csu.edu.au/herbarium/grevrosm_sws.html [Accessed 06 Nov 2009]

6.03

(1)Grevillea rosmarinifolia apparently occasionally hybridises with G. lanigera…Apparent morphological intermediates between G. rosmarinifolia and G. lanigera also occur in areas of eastern and central Victoria beyond the known range of G. lanigera. (2)A very well-known and variable grevillea, with many natural hybrids and selected forms being widely grown for decades,,,

(1)Wilson, A. J. G (ed.). 2000. Flora of Australia ; Vol.17A. Proteaceae 2. Grevillea. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia. (2)Matthews, L. J. 2002. The protea book: a guide to cultivated Proteaceae. Timber Press, Portland, OR.

6.04

Unknown

6.05

(1)Other details: This plant is attractive to bees, butterflies and/or birds (2)Very useful for attracting honey eaters. (3)Note also that quite a few Grevilleas that are primarily bird-pollinated (and hence carry a heavy nectar load) are also, for that reason, heavily visited by introduced honey-bees (Apis mellifera). This often includes G. rosmarinifolia. It is likely that these bees are functioning as more-or-less effective pollinators. (4)Excellent habitat. Dense prickly foliage excellent refuge for small birds, including finches and wrens. Nectar-rich flowers attract native birds, moths, butterflies and other insects.

(1)http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/59757/ [Accessed 06 Nov 2009] (2)http://www.apskeilorplains.org.au/grosmarinifolia.htm [Accessed 06 Nov 2009] (3)http://www.weedscrc.org.au/main/enviroweeds_archives_discuss_issues.html [Accessed 06 Nov 2009] (4)http://www.csu.edu.au/herbarium/grevrosm_sws.html [Accessed 06 Nov 2009]

6.06

(1)Regenerates from seed [no evidence of vegetative spread] (2)Propagation: From seed, or cuttings which strike readily. Take cuttings 5-7 cm long from new growth with heels.

(1)Wilson, A. J. G (ed.). 2000. Flora of Australia ; Vol.17A. Proteaceae 2. Grevillea. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, Australia. (2)http://www.csu.edu.au/herbarium/grevrosm_sws.html [Accessed 06 Nov 2009]

6.07

(1)Fast growing (2)Evergreen shrub. Moderate growth rate. (3)growth rate: fast

(1)http://www.cradocnursery.com.au/plants/Grevillea-rosmarinifolia.shtml [Accessed 06 Nov 2009] (2)http://www.urbantreefarm.com/utfn-catalog-1/shrubs-2/evergreen-shrub-16/grevillea-rosmarinifolia-1080.html [Accessed 09 Nov 2009] (3)http://www.deeproot.co.uk/pbo/plantdetail.php?plantname=Grevillea%20rosmarinifolia [Accessed 09 Nov 2009]

7.01

(1)Fruit/seed: Hairy capsule 8–11 mm long, with 1–2 seed released at maturity. [no means of external attachment] (2)Monitor closely as seeds shed soon after maturity. Follicles turn from green to brown at maturity. Ensure collection by securing nylon stockings or paper bags to fruiting branches after flowering. Usually only small portion of flowers set seed.

(1)Benson, D. and L. McDougall. 2000. Ecology of Sydney plant species. Part 7b Dicotyledon families Proteaceae to Rubiaceae. Cunninghamia Vol. 6(4): 1016-1202. (2)http://www.csu.edu.au/herbarium/grevrosm_sws.html [Accessed 09 Nov 2009]

7.02

(1)popular ornamental

(1)Matthews, L. J. 2002. The protea book: a guide to cultivated Proteaceae. Timber Press, Portland, OR.

7.03

(1)Fruit/seed: Hairy capsule 8–11 mm long, with 1–2 seed released at maturity. (2)Monitor closely as seeds shed soon after maturity. Follicles turn from green to brown at maturity. Ensure collection by securing nylon stockings or paper bags to fruiting branches after flowering. Usually only small portion of flowers set seed. [no evidence of produce contamination]

(1)Benson, D. and L. McDougall. 2000. Ecology of Sydney plant species. Part 7b Dicotyledon families Proteaceae to Rubiaceae. Cunninghamia Vol. 6(4): 1016-1202. (2)http://www.csu.edu.au/herbarium/grevrosm_sws.html [Accessed 09 Nov 2009]

7.04

(1)Fruit/seed: Hairy capsule 8–11 mm long, with 1–2 seed released at maturity. (2)Monitor closely as seeds shed soon after maturity. Follicles turn from green to brown at maturity. Ensure collection by securing nylon stockings or paper bags to fruiting branches after flowering. Usually only small portion of flowers set seed. [possibly dispersed short distances by wind]

(1)Benson, D. and L. McDougall. 2000. Ecology of Sydney plant species. Part 7b Dicotyledon families Proteaceae to Rubiaceae. Cunninghamia Vol. 6(4): 1016-1202. (2)http://www.csu.edu.au/herbarium/grevrosm_sws.html [Accessed 09 Nov 2009]

7.05

(1)Woodland near streams and moist slopes. Also mallee and shrubland on plains and slopes, on sandy soil. [possibly dispersed along stream courses]

(1)http://www.csu.edu.au/herbarium/grevrosm_sws.html [Accessed 09 Nov 2009]

7.06

(1)Diaspore: seed. Likely to have a food body for antdispersal (J. Howell pers. comm.). [not fleshy-fruited, and no evidence of bird dispersal]

(1)Benson, D. and L. McDougall. 2000. Ecology of Sydney plant species. Part 7b Dicotyledon families Proteaceae to Rubiaceae. Cunninghamia Vol. 6(4): 1016-1202.

7.07

(1)Diaspore: seed. Likely to have a food body for ant dispersal (J. Howell pers. comm.).

(1)Benson, D. and L. McDougall. 2000. Ecology of Sydney plant species. Part 7b Dicotyledon families Proteaceae to Rubiaceae. Cunninghamia Vol. 6(4): 1016-1202.

7.08

(1)Fruit/seed: Hairy capsule 8–11 mm long, with 1–2 seed released at maturity. [no evidence that fruits are ingested] (2)Monitor closely as seeds shed soon after maturity. Follicles turn from green to brown at maturity. Ensure collection by securing nylon stockings or paper bags to fruiting branches after flowering. Usually only small portion of flowers set seed.

(1)Benson, D. and L. McDougall. 2000. Ecology of Sydney plant species. Part 7b Dicotyledon families Proteaceae to Rubiaceae. Cunninghamia Vol. 6(4): 1016-1202. (2)http://www.csu.edu.au/herbarium/grevrosm_sws.html [Accessed 09 Nov 2009]

8.01

(1)Monitor closely as seeds shed soon after maturity. Follicles turn from green to brown at maturity. Ensure collection by securing nylon stockings or paper bags to fruiting branches after flowering. Usually only small portion of flowers set seed.

(1)http://www.csu.edu.au/herbarium/grevrosm_sws.html [Accessed 09 Nov 2009]

8.02

Unknown

8.03

Unknown

8.04

(1)Attractive ornamental for screening, hedges, and under trees. Responds well to hard pruning and mulching. (2)Fire response: Regenerates usually from seed, but in some populations also from rhizomes (Makinson 2000).

(1)http://www.csu.edu.au/herbarium/grevrosm_sws.html [Accessed 06 Nov 2009] (2)Benson, D. and L. McDougall. 2000. Ecology of Sydney plant species. Part 7b Dicotyledon families Proteaceae to Rubiaceae. Cunninghamia Vol. 6(4): 1016-1202.

8.05

Unknown