Godmania aesculifolia (HBK.) Standley. Family - Bignoniaceae. Common Names(s) - Cachillo, Cacho de vaca. Synonym(s) - Bignonia aesculifolia H.B.K.

Answer

Score

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated?

y=-3, n=0

n

0

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

y=1, n=-1

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

y=-1, n=-1

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

See Append 2

2

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

2

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

y=1, n=0

y

1

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y=1, n=0

y

1

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range?

y=-2, ?=-1, n=0

n

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

n

0

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.02

Allelopathic

y=1, n=0

4.03

Parasitic

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

y=1, n=-1

4.05

Toxic to animals

y=1, n=0

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

y=1, n=0

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

y=1, n=0

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

y=1, n=0

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

y=1, n=0

4.10

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y=1, n=0

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.12

Forms dense thickets

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.01

Aquatic

y=5, n=0

n

0

5.02

Grass

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y=1, n=-1

y

1

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

y=1, n=-1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

y=-1, n=0

n

0

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

y=1, n=-1

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

See left

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

y=1, n=-1

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

y=1, n=-1

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

y=1, n=-1

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

y=-1, n=1

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

y=1, n=-1

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

y=-1, n=1

Total score:

-3

Notes

Source

1.01

(1)No evidence

(1)Woodson, Jr., R.E., R. W. Schery and A. H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977.

1.02

1.03

2.01

(1)A tree of the tropical dry forest and premontane moist forest, this species also occurs less commonly in drier parts of the tropical moist forest. It ranges from Mexico to Brazil and Bolivia.

(1)Woodson, Jr., R.E., R. W. Schery and A. H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977.

2.02

(1)A tree of the tropical dry forest and premontane moist forest, this species also occurs less commonly in drier parts of the tropical moist forest. It ranges from Mexico to Brazil and Bolivia.

(1)Woodson, Jr., R.E., R. W. Schery and A. H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977.

2.03

(1)ostly in rather dry thickets or forest, chiefly on the Pacific plains, sometimes on open hillsides or in pastures, 1,300 m. or less; Peten; Izabal; Jutiapa; Santa Rosa; Escuintla; Guatemala; Solola; Suchitepe"quez; Retalhuleu; Huehuetenango. Southern Mexico; El Salvador to Panama; British Guiana; Venezuela [elevational range >1000 m]

(1)Standeley, P.C., L.O. Williams, and D.N. Gibson. 1974. Flora of Guatemala. FIELDIANA: BOTANY. VOLUME 24, PART X, NUMBERS 3 and 4. FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. Chicago, IL.

2.04

(1)A tree of the tropical dry forest and premontane moist forest, this species also occurs less commonly in drier parts of the tropical moist forest. It ranges from Mexico to Brazil and Bolivia.

(1)Woodson, Jr., R.E., R. W. Schery and A. H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977.

2.05

(1)No evidence of widespread planting outside native range.

(1)CAB International, 2005. Forestry Compendium. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

3.01

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinameg.htm [Accessed 10 Dec 2008]

3.02

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinameg.htm [Accessed 10 Dec 2008]

3.03

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinameg.htm [Accessed 10 Dec 2008]

3.04

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinameg.htm [Accessed 10 Dec 2008]

3.05

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinameg.htm [Accessed 10 Dec 2008]

4.01

(1)No evidence

(1)Woodson, Jr., R.E., R. W. Schery and A. H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977.

4.02

Unknown

4.03

(1)No evidence

(1)Woodson, Jr., R.E., R. W. Schery and A. H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977.

4.04

Unknown

4.05

Unknown

4.06

Unknown

4.07

Unknown

4.08

(1)A tree of the tropical dry forest and premontane moist forest, this species also occurs less commonly in drier parts of the tropical moist forest. It ranges from Mexico to Brazil and Bolivia. [possibly may increase fire hazard in dry forests]

(1)Woodson, Jr., R.E., R. W. Schery and A. H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977.

4.09

Unknown

4.10

Unknown

4.11

(1)Small to medium-sized tree to 13 m tall and 30 cm d.b.h; bark smooth to longitudinally ridged; twigs puberulous to subpuberulous, terete, thick with a large pith, foul-smelling when broken (as the inner bark) with an odor reminiscent of horse urine.

(1)Woodson, Jr., R.E., R. W. Schery and A. H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977.

4.12

(1)The tree is fairly common on the Pacific plains, and is rather conspicuous when almost leafless and bearing quantities of the very long slender capsules, which remind one somewhat of those of Catalpa. [no evidence from natural range]

(1)Standeley, P.C., L.O. Williams, and D.N. Gibson. 1974. Flora of Guatemala. FIELDIANA: BOTANY. VOLUME 24, PART X, NUMBERS 3 and 4. FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. Chicago, IL.

5.01

(1)Terrestrial

(1)Woodson, Jr., R.E., R. W. Schery and A. H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977.

5.02

(1)Bignoniaceae

(1)Woodson, Jr., R.E., R. W. Schery and A. H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977.

5.03

(1)Bignoniaceae

(1)Woodson, Jr., R.E., R. W. Schery and A. H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977.

5.04

(1)No evidence

(1)Woodson, Jr., R.E., R. W. Schery and A. H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977.

6.01

(1)No evidence

(1)Woodson, Jr., R.E., R. W. Schery and A. H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977.

6.02

(1)Capsule linear, corkscrew-twisted, 45-100 cm long and 0.9-1.5 cm wide, terete, longitudinally finely ridged, somewhat simple- puberulous; seeds thin, bialate, 0.9-1.5 cm long and 7.0-13.5 cm wide, the wings hyaline-membranaceous, sharply demarcated, narrow, long, irregular ended.

(1)Woodson, Jr., R.E., R. W. Schery and A. H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977.

6.03

Unknown

6.04

(1)Table 1: Godmania aesculifolia. Self-Incompatible.

(1)Bawa, K.S. 1974. Breeding Systems of Tree Species of a Lowland Tropical Community. Evolution 28(1): 85-92.

6.05

(1)calyx widely campanulate, shortly 5-lobed, lepidote and simple-puberulent, 1-2 mm long and 2-4 mm wide; corolla yellow ventrally and orangish-brown dorsally outside, inside the ventral throat and most of the lower 3 lobes yellow, the dorsal 2 lobes brownish at the edges of the lower 3 lobes and the dorsal part of the throat, urceolate, 1.0-1.6 cm long and 7-8 mm wide, the tube 9-10 mm long, the upper 2 lobes 0.2-0.3 cm long, the 3 lower lobes 0.4-0.3 cm long, (2)Pollinators are bees, wasps, butterflies, hawk moths, birds, and bats. [floral morphology & small flower size suggest entomophily] (3)Table 1. Godmania aesculifolia. Pollinators: Bees.

(1)Woodson, Jr., R.E., R. W. Schery and A. H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977. (2)Judd, W.S., C.S. Campbell, E.A. Kellogg and P.F. Stevens. 1999. Plant Systematics. A Phylogenetic Approach. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Sunderland, Massachusetts. (3)Haber, W.A., G.W. Frnakie, H.G. Baker, I. Baker and S. Koptur. 1981. Ants Like Flower Nectar. Biotropica 13(3) 211-214.

6.06

Unknown

6.07

Unknown

7.01

(1)Capsule linear, corkscrew-twisted, 45-100 cm long and 0.9-1.5 cm wide, terete, longitudinally finely ridged, somewhat simple- puberulous; seeds thin, bialate, 0.9-1.5 cm long and 7.0-13.5 cm wide, the wings hyaline-membranaceous, sharply demarcated, narrow, long, irregular ended. (2)Godmania aesculifolia (fig. 5, E) seed proper is circular, 7-9 mm in diameter. A conspicuously tapered wing, ca. 1 cm wide and ca. 5 cm long, flows from one side of the seed proper and tapers at the end. This almost transparent, uniseriate wing is composed entirely of nonornamented elongate cells with a slightly thickened primary or secondary wall and rounded to flattened end walls (fig. 3B). Circles on the wing (fig. 5, E) are imprints of closely appressed adjacent seeds in the fruit [no means of external attachment]

(1)Woodson, Jr., R.E., R. W. Schery and A. H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977. (2)Lersten, N.R., L. Krueger and J. D. Curtis. 2002. Tracheoid Variation among Bignoniaceae Seed Wings, with Emphasis on Campsis radicans. International Journal of Plant Sciences 163(3): 369-378.

7.02

(1)No evidence of intentional propagation.

(1)Woodson, Jr., R.E., R. W. Schery and A. H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977.

7.03

(1)No evidence of being grown with produce. Seeds relatively large to contaminate produce.

(1)Lersten, N.R., L. Krueger and J. D. Curtis. 2002. Tracheoid Variation among Bignoniaceae Seed Wings, with Emphasis on Campsis radicans. International Journal of Plant Sciences 163(3): 369-378.

7.04

(1)Capsule linear, corkscrew-twisted, 45-100 cm long and 0.9-1.5 cm wide, terete, longitudinally finely ridged, somewhat simple- puberulous; seeds thin, bialate, 0.9-1.5 cm long and 7.0-13.5 cm wide, the wings hyaline-membranaceous, sharply demarcated, narrow, long, irregular ended. (2)Godmania aesculifolia (fig. 5, E) seed proper is circular, 7-9 mm in diameter. A conspicuously tapered wing, ca. 1 cm wide and ca. 5 cm long, flows from one side of the seed proper and tapers at the end. This almost transparent, uniseriate wing is composed entirely of nonornamented elongate cells with a slightly thickened primary or secondary wall and rounded to flattened end walls (fig. 3B). Circles on the wing (fig. 5, E) are imprints of closely appressed adjacent seeds in the fruit.

(1)Woodson, Jr., R.E., R. W. Schery and A. H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977. (2)Lersten, N.R., L. Krueger and J. D. Curtis. 2002. Tracheoid Variation among Bignoniaceae Seed Wings, with Emphasis on Campsis radicans. International Journal of Plant Sciences 163(3): 369-378.

7.05

(1)The spirally twisted fruit is unique among mainland Bignoniaceae (Spirotecoma of the West Indies has a similar fruit). [unknown if capsules will float]

(1)Woodson, Jr., R.E., R. W. Schery and A. H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977.

7.06

(1)Capsule linear, corkscrew-twisted, 45-100 cm long and 0.9-1.5 cm wide, terete, longitudinally finely ridged, somewhat simple- puberulous; seeds thin, bialate, 0.9-1.5 cm long and 7.0-13.5 cm wide, the wings hyaline-membranaceous, sharply demarcated, narrow, long, irregular ended. [not fleshy fruited, adapted for wind dispersal]

(1)Woodson, Jr., R.E., R. W. Schery and A. H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977.

7.07

(1)Capsule linear, corkscrew-twisted, 45-100 cm long and 0.9-1.5 cm wide, terete, longitudinally finely ridged, somewhat simple- puberulous; seeds thin, bialate, 0.9-1.5 cm long and 7.0-13.5 cm wide, the wings hyaline-membranaceous, sharply demarcated, narrow, long, irregular ended. [no means of external attachment]

(1)Woodson, Jr., R.E., R. W. Schery and A. H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977.

7.08

(1)Capsule linear, corkscrew-twisted, 45-100 cm long and 0.9-1.5 cm wide, terete, longitudinally finely ridged, somewhat simple- puberulous; seeds thin, bialate, 0.9-1.5 cm long and 7.0-13.5 cm wide, the wings hyaline-membranaceous, sharply demarcated, narrow, long, irregular ended. [no evidence that seeds would be consumed]

(1)Woodson, Jr., R.E., R. W. Schery and A. H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977.

8.01

(1)Capsule linear, corkscrew-twisted, 45-100 cm long and 0.9-1.5 cm wide, terete, longitudinally finely ridged, somewhat simple- puberulous; seeds thin, bialate, 0.9-1.5 cm long and 7.0-13.5 cm wide, the wings hyaline-membranaceous, sharply demarcated, narrow, long, irregular ended. (2)Godmania aesculifolia (fig. 5, E) seed proper is circular, 7-9 mm in diameter. A conspicuously tapered wing, ca. 1 cm wide and ca. 5 cm long, flows from one side of the seed proper and tapers at the end. This almost transparent, uniseriate wing is composed entirely of nonornamented elongate cells with a slightly thickened primary or secondary wall and rounded to flattened end walls (fig. 3B). Circles on the wing (fig. 5, E) are imprints of closely appressed adjacent seeds in the fruit. [seed numbers unknown]

(1)Woodson, Jr., R.E., R. W. Schery and A. H. Gentry. 1973. Flora of Panama. Part IX. Family 172. Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60(3): 781-977. (2)Lersten, N.R., L. Krueger and J. D. Curtis. 2002. Tracheoid Variation among Bignoniaceae Seed Wings, with Emphasis on Campsis radicans. International Journal of Plant Sciences 163(3): 369-378.

8.02

Unknown

8.03

Unknown

8.04

Unknown

8.05

Unknown