Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)
Eucalyptus dunnii
RISK ASSESSMENT RESULTS: Low risk, score: 0
|
Australian/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Hawai‘i. Information on Risk Assessments Original risk assessment |
| Eucalyptus dunnii (Dunn's white gum) | Answer | Score | |
| 1.01 | Is the species highly domesticated? | n | 0 |
| 1.02 | Has the species become naturalized where grown? | n | |
| 1.03 | Does the species have weedy races? | n | |
| 2.01 | Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical” | 2 | |
| 2.02 | Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2 | 2 | |
| 2.03 | Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) | y | 1 |
| 2.04 | Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates | y | 1 |
| 2.05 | Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2 | y | |
| 3.01 | Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05 | n | -2 |
| 3.02 | Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2) | n | 0 |
| 3.03 | Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2) | n | 0 |
| 3.04 | Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2) | n | 0 |
| 3.05 | Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2) | y | 2 |
| 4.01 | Produces spines, thorns or burrs | n | 0 |
| 4.02 | Allelopathic | n | 0 |
| 4.03 | Parasitic | n | 0 |
| 4.04 | Unpalatable to grazing animals | ||
| 4.05 | Toxic to animals | n | 0 |
| 4.06 | Host for recognized pests and pathogens | n | 0 |
| 4.07 | Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans | n | 0 |
| 4.08 | Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems | n | 0 |
| 4.09 | Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle | ||
| 4.1 | Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island) | y | 1 |
| 4.11 | Climbing or smothering growth habit | n | 0 |
| 4.12 | Forms dense thickets | n | 0 |
| 5.01 | Aquatic | n | 0 |
| 5.02 | Grass | n | 0 |
| 5.03 | Nitrogen fixing woody plant | n | 0 |
| 5.04 | Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) | n | 0 |
| 6.01 | Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat | n | 0 |
| 6.02 | Produces viable seed. | y | 1 |
| 6.03 | Hybridizes naturally | y | 1 |
| 6.04 | Self-compatible or apomictic | y | 1 |
| 6.05 | Requires specialist pollinators | n | 0 |
| 6.06 | Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation | n | -1 |
| 6.07 | Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 | 4 | -1 |
| 7.01 | Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas) | n | -1 |
| 7.02 | Propagules dispersed intentionally by people | y | 1 |
| 7.03 | Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant | n | -1 |
| 7.04 | Propagules adapted to wind dispersal | y | 1 |
| 7.05 | Propagules water dispersed | n | -1 |
| 7.06 | Propagules bird dispersed | n | -1 |
| 7.07 | Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) | n | -1 |
| 7.08 | Propagules survive passage through the gut | n | -1 |
| 8.01 | Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) | n | -1 |
| 8.02 | Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) | ||
| 8.03 | Well controlled by herbicides | ||
| 8.04 | Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire | y | 1 |
| 8.05 | Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents) | ||
| Total score: | 0 |
Supporting data:
| Notes | Reference | |
| 1.01 | No evidence | |
| 1.02 | No evidence of naturalization. | |
| 1.03 | No evidence | |
| 2.01 | '. dunnii has a very restricted natural distribution. It occurs mostly in two main small, disjunct, natural populations located in the Moleton-Kangaroo River area of New South Wales, north-west of Coffs Harbour (30ºS), and in the Border Ranges of New South Wales and Queensland (about 28ºS). Within these two populations, the species' distribution is not continuous; it occurs in disjunct communities varying in size from several up to more than 200 ha (Benson and Hager, 1993). Several isolated small stands occur just south of the Border Ranges in the Richmond Range area of New South Wales.' | Reproduced from the Forestry Compendium. © CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 2005. |
| 2.02 | It has been included in trials in many countries including South Africa, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Colombia, Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, Chile, China and Sri Lanka.' | Reproduced from the Forestry Compendium. © CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 2005. |
| 2.03 |
(1) In its natural environment, E. dunnii is found in areas with an
altitudinal range from 300 – 750 m and experiences relatively high rainfall
and with no month receiving less than 40 mm1.(2)- Altitude range: 60 - 1800
m - Mean annual rainfall: 750 - 1950 mm - Rainfall regime: summer; uniform - Dry season duration: 0 - 5 months - Mean annual temperature: 14 - 22ºC - Mean maximum temperature of hottest month: 24 - 31ºC - Mean minimum temperature of coldest month: -1 - 17ºC - Absolute minimum temperature: -9 - -2ºC |
(1)http://www2.dpi.qld.gov.au/hardwoodsqld/12610.html (2)Reproduced from the Forestry Compendium. © CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 2005. |
| 2.04 | '. dunnii has a very restricted natural distribution. It occurs mostly in two main small, disjunct, natural populations located in the Moleton-Kangaroo River area of New South Wales, north-west of Coffs Harbour (30ºS), and in the Border Ranges of New South Wales and Queensland (about 28ºS). Within these two populations, the species' distribution is not continuous; it occurs in disjunct communities varying in size from several up to more than 200 ha (Benson and Hager, 1993). Several isolated small stands occur just south of the Border Ranges in the Richmond Range area of New South Wales.' | Reproduced from the Forestry Compendium. © CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 2005. |
| 2.05 | It has been included in trials in many countries including South Africa, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Colombia, Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, Chile, China and Sri Lanka.' | Reproduced from the Forestry Compendium. © CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 2005. |
| 3.01 | No evidence of naturalization. | |
| 3.02 | No evidence | |
| 3.03 | No evidence | |
| 3.04 | No evidence | |
| 3.05 | Severa Eucalyptus species such as E. populnea,E. pilularis, E. ferruginear and E. cambageana are listed as principal weeds in Australia. | An electronic Atlas of Weeds and Invasive Species. CD ROM version 1. 1997. Based on the original work 'A Geographical Atlas of Weeds' by Holm et al. |
| 4.01 | No evidence of any such traits. | Forestry Compendium [Online]. © CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 2005. |
| 4.02 | No evidence | |
| 4.03 | No evidence | |
| 4.04 | Don’t know | |
| 4.05 | No evidence | |
| 4.06 |