Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)


Colpothrinax wrightii


RISK ASSESSMENT RESULTS: Low risk, score: -2


Australian/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Hawai‘i.
Information on Risk Assessments
Original risk assessment

Colpothrinax wrightii (Becc.) Wendl. Family - Arecaceae. Common Names(s) - Barrel Palm. Synonym(s) - Pritchardia wrightii Becc.

Answer

Score

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated?

y=-3, n=0

n

0

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

y=1, n=-1

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

y=-1, n=-1

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

See Append 2

2

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

2

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

y=1, n=0

n

0

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y=1, n=0

y

1

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range?

y=-2, ?=-1, n=0

n

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

n

0

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.02

Allelopathic

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.03

Parasitic

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

y=1, n=-1

4.05

Toxic to animals

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

y=1, n=0

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.10

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.12

Forms dense thickets

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.01

Aquatic

y=5, n=0

n

0

5.02

Grass

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y=1, n=-1

y

1

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

y=1, n=-1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

y=1, n=-1

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

y=-1, n=0

n

0

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

See left

>2

0

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

y=1, n=-1

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y=1, n=-1

y

1

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

y=-1, n=1

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

y=1, n=-1

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

y=-1, n=1

Total score:

-2

Supporting data:

Notes

Source

1.01

(1)No evidence

(1)Riffle, R.L. and P. Craft. 2003. An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms.Timber Press. Portland, OR.

1.02

1.03

2.01

(1)endemic to western Cuba and the adjacent Isle of Youth, where it grows in open savannas.

(1)Riffle, R.L. and P. Craft. 2003. An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms.Timber Press. Portland, OR.

2.02

2.03

(1)All the species are slow growing and not hardy to cold, being adaptable only to zones 10 and 11.

(1)Riffle, R.L. and P. Craft. 2003. An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms.Timber Press. Portland, OR.

2.04

(1)endemic to western Cuba and the adjacent Isle of Youth, where it grows in open savannas.

(1)Riffle, R.L. and P. Craft. 2003. An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms.Timber Press. Portland, OR.

2.05

(1)No evidence of widespread introductions outside of botanical gardens

(1)Riffle, R.L. and P. Craft. 2003. An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms.Timber Press. Portland, OR.

3.01

No evidence (1)It is suffering from excessive exploitation of trunk wood, leaves and fruit for local use. Regeneration is poor.

(1)Moya, C. 1998. Colpothrinax wrightii. In: IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. [Accessed 06 November 2008]

3.02

(1)Locals make use of the plant's wood, leaves and fruit, but unfortunately, regeneration is poor, so the palm is becoming endangered in its habitat.

(1)http://www.pacsoa.org.au/palms/Colpothrinax/wrightii.html [Accessed 06 Nov 2008]

3.03

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinamec.htm [Accessed 06 Nov 2008]

3.04

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinamec.htm [Accessed 06 Nov 2008]

3.05

(1)No evidence

(1)http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinamec.htm [Accessed 06 Nov 2008]

4.01

(1)No evidence

(1)Riffle, R.L. and P. Craft. 2003. An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms.Timber Press. Portland, OR.

4.02

(1)No evidence

(1)Balick, M.J. and H. T. Beck. 1990. Useful Palms of the World: A Synoptic Bibliography. Columbia University Press. New York.

4.03

(1)No evidence

(1)Riffle, R.L. and P. Craft. 2003. An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms.Timber Press. Portland, OR.

4.04

Unknown if foliage is unpalatable (1)fruit for hog food

(1)Balick, M.J. and H. T. Beck. 1990. Useful Palms of the World: A Synoptic Bibliography. Columbia University Press. New York.

4.05

(1)No evidence

(1)Balick, M.J. and H. T. Beck. 1990. Useful Palms of the World: A Synoptic Bibliography. Columbia University Press. New York.

4.06

Unknown

4.07

No evidence (1)The swollen stems of these palms are used locally to make casks, water troughs, and canoes. The trunks are used for building, the leaves are for thatch, and the fruit for hog food.

(1)Balick, M.J. and H. T. Beck. 1990. Useful Palms of the World: A Synoptic Bibliography. Columbia University Press. New York.

4.08

No evidence that species increases fire hazard (1)It grows on sandy soils in Cuba, where it forms extensive stands.

(1)Balick, M.J. and H. T. Beck. 1990. Useful Palms of the World: A Synoptic Bibliography. Columbia University Press. New York.

4.09

(1)needs full sun from youth unto old age

(1)Riffle, R.L. and P. Craft. 2003. An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms.Timber Press. Portland, OR.

4.10

(1)does not take kindly to calcareous soils; it prefers red clays and quartz sands.

(1)Riffle, R.L. and P. Craft. 2003. An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms.Timber Press. Portland, OR.

4.11

(1)Single-trunked palm

(1)Riffle, R.L. and P. Craft. 2003. An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms.Timber Press. Portland, OR.

4.12

No evidence that species excludes other vegetation (1)It grows on sandy soils in Cuba, where it forms extensive stands.

(1)Balick, M.J. and H. T. Beck. 1990. Useful Palms of the World: A Synoptic Bibliography. Columbia University Press. New York.

5.01

Terrestrial

5.02

Arecaceae

5.03

Arecaceae

5.04

(1)No evidence

(1)Riffle, R.L. and P. Craft. 2003. An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms.Timber Press. Portland, OR.

6.01

(1)No evidence

(1)Riffle, R.L. and P. Craft. 2003. An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms.Timber Press. Portland, OR.

6.02

(1)Propagation Methods: From seed; germinate in vitro in gelatin, agar or other medium

(1)http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/97186/ [Accessed 06 Nov 2008]

6.03

Unknown

6.04

Unknown (1)The inflorescences are much branched, extend beyond the leaf crown, and bear orange-red bisexual flowers.

(1)Riffle, R.L. and P. Craft. 2003. An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms.Timber Press. Portland, OR.

6.05

(1)Flowers of palms are usually insect-pollinated

(1)Judd, W.S., C.S. Campbell, E.A. Kellogg, and P.F. Stevens. 1999. Plant Systematics. A Phylogenetic Approach. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Sunderland, Massachusetts.

6.06

(1)No evidence

(1)Riffle, R.L. and P. Craft. 2003. An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms.Timber Press. Portland, OR.

6.07

Probably 2 or more years at minimum (1)All the species are slow growing and not hardy to cold, being adaptable only to zones 10 and 11.

(1)Riffle, R.L. and P. Craft. 2003. An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms.Timber Press. Portland, OR.

7.01

No means of external attachment (1)Fruits are one-seeded, globose, and brown or black. (2)Drupe, globose, approximately 2 cm in diameter, the color black when ripe, palatable [translated from Spanish]

(1)Henderson, A., G. Galeano and R. Bernal. 1997. Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas. Princeton University Press. Princeton, New Jersey. (2)Cruz Torres, S. and M. Bonilla Vichot. 2007. APUNTES SOBRE Colpothrinax wrightii Griseb et Wandl, UN ENDÉMICO VULNERABLE. Available from http://www.buscagro.com/www.buscagro.com/biblioteca/Suriel-Cruz-Torres/Palma-barrigona.pdf

7.02

(1)Ornamental

(1)Riffle, R.L. and P. Craft. 2003. An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms.Timber Press. Portland, OR.

7.03

No evidence [and fruits relatively large]

 

7.04

(1)Fruits are one-seeded, globose, and brown or black. (2)Drupe, globose, approximately 2 cm in diameter, the color black when ripe, palatable [translated from Spanish]

(1)Henderson, A., G. Galeano and R. Bernal. 1997. Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas. Princeton University Press. Princeton, New Jersey. (2)Cruz Torres, S. and M. Bonilla Vichot. 2007. APUNTES SOBRE Colpothrinax wrightii Griseb et Wandl, UN ENDÉMICO VULNERABLE. Available from http://www.buscagro.com/www.buscagro.com/biblioteca/Suriel-Cruz-Torres/Palma-barrigona.pdf

7.05

Unknown if propagules are buoyant

 

7.06

(1)Fruits are one-seeded, globose, and brown or black. (2)Drupe, globose, approximately 2 cm in diameter, the color black when ripe, palatable [translated from Spanish]

(1)Henderson, A., G. Galeano and R. Bernal. 1997. Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas. Princeton University Press. Princeton, New Jersey. (2)Cruz Torres, S. and M. Bonilla Vichot. 2007. APUNTES SOBRE Colpothrinax wrightii Griseb et Wandl, UN ENDÉMICO VULNERABLE. Available from http://www.buscagro.com/www.buscagro.com/biblioteca/Suriel-Cruz-Torres/Palma-barrigona.pdf

7.07

No means of external attachment

 

7.08

(1)Fruits are one-seeded, globose, and brown or black. (2)Drupe, globose, approximately 2 cm in diameter, the color black when ripe, palatable [translated from Spanish]

(1)Henderson, A., G. Galeano and R. Bernal. 1997. Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas. Princeton University Press. Princeton, New Jersey. (2)Cruz Torres, S. and M. Bonilla Vichot. 2007. APUNTES SOBRE Colpothrinax wrightii Griseb et Wandl, UN ENDÉMICO VULNERABLE. Available from http://www.buscagro.com/www.buscagro.com/biblioteca/Suriel-Cruz-Torres/Palma-barrigona.pdf

8.01

Probably not [fruits relatively large] (1)Fruits are one-seeded, globose, and brown or black. (2)Drupe, globose, approximately 2 cm in diameter, the color black when ripe, palatable [translated from Spanish]

(1)Henderson, A., G. Galeano and R. Bernal. 1997. Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas. Princeton University Press. Princeton, New Jersey. (2)Cruz Torres, S. and M. Bonilla Vichot. 2007. APUNTES SOBRE Colpothrinax wrightii Griseb et Wandl, UN ENDÉMICO VULNERABLE. Available from http://www.buscagro.com/www.buscagro.com/biblioteca/Suriel-Cruz-Torres/Palma-barrigona.pdf

8.02

(1)The seeds have a short viability

(1)Cruz Torres, S. and M. Bonilla Vichot. 2007. APUNTES SOBRE Colpothrinax wrightii Griseb et Wandl, UN ENDÉMICO VULNERABLE. Available from http://www.buscagro.com/www.buscagro.com/biblioteca/Suriel-Cruz-Torres/Palma-barrigona.pdf

8.03

Unknown

8.04

Unknown

8.05

Unknown


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