Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)
RISK ASSESSMENT RESULTS: High risk, score: 9
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Australian/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Hawai‘i. Information on Risk Assessments Original risk assessment |
| Cissus rotundifolia Common name - Venezuelan treebine, Arabian Wax Cissus, Peruvian Grape Ivy. Family - Vitaceae | Answer | Score | |
| 1.01 | Is the species highly domesticated? (If answer is 'no' then go to question 2.01) | n | 0 |
| 1.02 | Has the species become naturalized where grown? | ||
| 1.03 | Does the species have weedy races? | ||
| 2.01 | Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical” | 2 | |
| 2.02 | Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2 | 2 | |
| 2.03 | Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) | y | 1 |
| 2.04 | Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates | y | 1 |
| 2.05 | Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2 | y | |
| 3.01 | Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05 | y | 2 |
| 3.02 | Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2) | n | 0 |
| 3.03 | Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2) | n | 0 |
| 3.04 | Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2) | n | 0 |
| 3.05 | Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2) | y | 2 |
| 4.01 | Produces spines, thorns or burrs | n | 0 |
| 4.02 | Allelopathic | n | 0 |
| 4.03 | Parasitic | n | 0 |
| 4.04 | Unpalatable to grazing animals | ||
| 4.05 | Toxic to animals | n | 0 |
| 4.06 | Host for recognized pests and pathogens | n | 0 |
| 4.07 | Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans | n | 0 |
| 4.08 | Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems | n | 0 |
| 4.09 | Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle | y | 1 |
| 4.1 | Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island) | ||
| 4.11 | Climbing or smothering growth habit | y | 1 |
| 4.12 | Forms dense thickets | y | 1 |
| 5.01 | Aquatic | n | 0 |
| 5.02 | Grass | n | 0 |
| 5.03 | Nitrogen fixing woody plant | n | 0 |
| 5.04 | Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) | n | 0 |
| 6.01 | Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat | n | 0 |
| 6.02 | Produces viable seed. | y | 1 |
| 6.03 | Hybridizes naturally | ||
| 6.04 | Self-compatible or apomictic | ||
| 6.05 | Requires specialist pollinators | ||
| 6.06 | Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation | y | 1 |
| 6.07 | Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 | 2 | 0 |
| 7.01 | Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas) | n | -1 |
| 7.02 | Propagules dispersed intentionally by people | y | 1 |
| 7.03 | Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant | n | -1 |
| 7.04 | Propagules adapted to wind dispersal | n | -1 |
| 7.05 | Propagules water dispersed | n | -1 |
| 7.06 | Propagules bird dispersed | y | 1 |
| 7.07 | Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) | n | -1 |
| 7.08 | Propagules survive passage through the gut | y | 1 |
| 8.01 | Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) | n | -1 |
| 8.02 | Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) | ||
| 8.03 | Well controlled by herbicides | ||
| 8.04 | Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire | y | 1 |
| 8.05 | Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents) | ||
| Total score: | 9 |
Supporting data:
| Notes | Reference | |
| 1.01 | No evidence | |
| 1.02 | ||
| 1.03 | ||
| 2.01 |
(1)"Native: AFRICA Northeast Tropical Africa: Eritrea; Ethiopia; Somalia; Sudan [s.] East Tropical Africa: Kenya; Tanzania; Uganda West-Central Tropical Africa: Zaire South Tropical Africa: Malawi; Mozambique; Zimbabwe Southern Africa: South Africa - Natal, Transvaal; Swaziland ASIA-TEMPERATE Arabian Peninsula: Saudi Arabia [s.w.]; Yemen (2)"This member of the Vitaceae family was descried by Vahl in 1790. It is found in the eastern Africa ..." (3)"Native from East Africa across to southern Arabia, this cissus is ideally suited to the dry , sun drenched leeward sides of our islands." |
(1)http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl (2)http://www.bihrmann.com/caudiciforms/subs/cis-rot-sub.asp (3)Staples, W George and Derral H Herbst. 2005. A Tropical Garden Flora. Bishop Museum Press. Honolulu. Hawaii. Page 572. |
| 2.02 | ||
| 2.03 |
(1)Specimens collected were from a range of 290 m to 1800 m. (2)Hardiness: USDA Zone 10a: to -1.1°C (30° F) USDA Zone 10b: to 1.7° C (35° F) USDA Zone 11: above 4.5° C (40° F) |
(1)http://mobot.mobot.org/cgi-bin/search_vast (2)http://davesgarden.com/pf/go/104156/index.html |
| 2.04 |
"Native: AFRICA Northeast Tropical Africa: Eritrea; Ethiopia; Somalia; Sudan [s.] East Tropical Africa: Kenya; Tanzania; Uganda West-Central Tropical Africa: Zaire South Tropical Africa: Malawi; Mozambique; Zimbabwe Southern Africa: South Africa - Natal, Transvaal; Swaziland ASIA-TEMPERATE Arabian Peninsula: Saudi Arabia [s.w.]; Yemen |
http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/tax_search.pl |
| 2.05 | (1)Introduced to Hawaii. (2)"The plant has been on sale at the Dutch flower and plant auctions since June 2004 and comes in 14-cm pots containing rectangular or pyramidal climbing supports. Every plant comes complete with a tag containing tips for care. Since its introduction 17,500 plants have been sold and it is available all year round." (3)"This plant has been said to grow in the following regions: Clayton, California. |
(1)http://www.itis.usda.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt? search_topic=TSN&search_value=565069 and Staples, W George and Derral H Herbst. 2005. A Tropical Garden Flora. Bishop Museum Press. Honolulu. Hawaii. Page 572. (2)http://www.flowercouncil.org/int/news/productnews/05_jan_Cissus.asp |
| 3.01 | "Cissus rotundiflora is locally naturalized on Kauai, Oahu and Maui." | Staples, W George and Derral H Herbst. 2005. A Tropical Garden Flora. Bishop Museum Press. Honolulu. Hawaii. Page 572. |
| 3.02 | No evidence | |
| 3.03 | No evidence | |
| 3.04 | No evidence | |
| 3.05 | 1)Cissus sicioydes is a weed in citrus crop in Cuba and subjected to control (2)Cissus,incisa, ,ivy treebine,,,,"Source: "USA Composite List of Weeds" published by WSSA WEEDS 14: 347-386, 1966",,WSSA WEEDS 14: 1966 | (1)Casamayor, R. & Prieto, V. (1996) Some observations on Cissus sicioydes [C. sicyoides] L. and its control in citrus crops. (Foreign Title: Algunas observaciones sobre Cissus sicioydes L. y su control en el cultivo de los cítricos.) Centro Agrícola, 1996, Vol. 23, No. 1/3, pp. 16-24, 5 ref. (2)http://tncweeds.ucdavis.edu/global/australia/san.html |
| 4.01 | No evidence of such structures. | Staples, W George and Derral H Herbst. 2005. A Tropical Garden Flora. Bishop Museum Press. Honolulu. Hawaii. Page 572. |
| 4.02 | No evidence | |
| 4.03 | No evidence | |
| 4.04 | Cissus rotundifolia is common in the diet of the leopard tortoise (Geochelone pardalis) in northern Tanzania. No evidence regarding palatability to livestock. | xxxx |
| 4.05 | No evidence | |
| 4.06 |
The following 4 fungi were listed to be associated with Cissus rotundifolia:
Aecidium vitis (rust): Tanzania - 6827 Glomerella cingulata (leaf spot): Tanzania - 6827 Phyllosticta ampelicida (leaf spot): Tanzania - 6827 Pseudocercospora riachueli (leaf spot): Tanzania - 6827 No evidence that the above are economic pests. |
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