Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)
Beaumontia graniflora
RISK ASSESSMENT RESULTS: Low risk, score: -6
|
Australian/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Hawai‘i. Research directed by C. Daehler (UH Botany) with funding from the Kaulunani Urban Forestry Program and US Forest Service Information on
Risk Assessments |
Beaumontia grandiflora (Roxb.) Wall. (Easter-lily-vine, Herald's-trumpet, Nepal trumpet-flower) |
Answer |
||
1.01 |
Is the species highly domesticated? |
y=-3, n=0 |
n |
1.02 |
Has the species become naturalized where grown? |
y=-1, n=-1 |
n |
1.03 |
Does the species have weedy races? |
y=-1, n=-1 |
n |
2.01 |
Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical” |
See Append 2 |
2 |
2.02 |
Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2 |
2 |
|
2.03 |
Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) |
y=1, n=0 |
n |
2.04 |
Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates |
y=1, n=0 |
y |
2.05 |
Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2 |
?=-1, n=0 |
y |
3.01 |
Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05 |
n |
|
3.02 |
Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2) |
n=0 |
n |
3.03 |
Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2) |
n=0 |
n |
3.04 |
Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2) |
n=0 |
n |
3.05 |
Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2) |
n=0 |
n |
4.01 |
Produces spines, thorns or burrs |
y=1, n=0 |
n |
4.02 |
Allelopathic |
y=1, n=0 |
n |
4.03 |
Parasitic |
y=1, n=0 |
n |
4.04 |
Unpalatable to grazing animals |
y=1, n=-1 |
|
4.05 |
Toxic to animals |
y=1, n=0 |
n |
4.06 |
Host for recognized pests and pathogens |
y=1, n=0 |
n |
4.07 |
Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans |
y=1, n=0 |
n |
4.08 |
Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems |
y=1, n=0 |
n |
4.09 |
Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle |
y=1, n=0 |
n |
4.1 |
Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island) |
y=1, n=0 |
n |
4.11 |
Climbing or smothering growth habit |
y=1, n=0 |
y |
4.12 |
Forms dense thickets |
y=1, n=0 |
n |
5.01 |
Aquatic |
y=5, n=0 |
n |
5.02 |
Grass |
y=1, n=0 |
n |
5.03 |
Nitrogen fixing woody plant |
y=1, n=0 |
n |
5.04 |
Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) |
y=1, n=0 |
n |
6.01 |
Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat |
y=1, n=0 |
n |
6.02 |
Produces viable seed. |
y=1, n=-1 |
y |
6.03 |
Hybridizes naturally |
y=1, n=-1 |
|
6.04 |
Self-compatible or apomictic |
y=1, n=-1 |
|
6.05 |
Requires specialist pollinators |
y=-1, n=0 |
y |
6.06 |
Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation |
y=1, n=-1 |
n |
6.07 |
Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 |
See left |
2 |
7.01 |
Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas) |
y=1, n=-1 |
n |
7.02 |
Propagules dispersed intentionally by people |
y=1, n=-1 |
y |
7.03 |
Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant |
y=1, n=-1 |
n |
7.04 |
Propagules adapted to wind dispersal |
y=1, n=-1 |
y |
7.05 |
Propagules water dispersed |
y=1, n=-1 |
n |
7.06 |
Propagules bird dispersed |
y=1, n=-1 |
n |
7.07 |
Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) |
y=1, n=-1 |
n |
7.08 |
Propagules survive passage through the gut |
y=1, n=-1 |
n |
8.01 |
Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) |
y=1, n=-1 |
n |
8.02 |
Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) |
y=1, n=-1 |
|
8.03 |
Well controlled by herbicides |
y=-1, n=1 |
|
8.04 |
Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire |
y=1, n=-1 |
|
8.05 |
Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents) |
y=-1, n=1 |
|
Total score: |
-6 |
Supporting data:
Notes |
Source |
|
1.01 |
no evidence |
|
1.02 |
no evidence |
|
1.03 |
no evidence |
|
2.01 |
Distributional range: |
USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. |
2.02 |
||
2.03 |
(1) "Beaumontia is a tropical vine. It can tolerate a light frost for short periods but it is better to protect it if the temperature goes bellow freezing. " (2) Humid montane forests, valleys, riverbanks; 300-1500 m. (3)High Water Needs, Winter Hardiness: 25-30° F (4) Restricted to South Florida (5)Climate: Will grow best in the warmer zones of Australia, north of Coffs Harbour, NSW. It prefers sub-tropical and tropical conditions to thrive and can look miserable in areas where temperatures fall below 10°C. |
(1) http://www.rareflora.com/beaumontiagran.htm (2) Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 176 (3)http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200018356 (4)http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/MG097 (5)http://www.burkesbackyard.com.au/1998/archives/26/in_the_garden/flowering_plants_and_shrubs/beaumontia |
2.04 |
Distributional range: |
USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. |
2.05 |
"widely if not commonly cutivated" |
Whistler, A.W. (2000) Tropical Ornamentals: A Guide. Timber Press, Inc., Portland, Oregon. 542pp. p. 83 |
3.01 |
no evidence |
|
3.02 |
no evidence |
|
3.03 |
no evidence |
|
3.04 |
no evidence |
|
3.05 |
no evidence |
|
4.01 |
no description of these traits |
Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 176 http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200018356 |
4.02 |
no evidence |
|
4.03 |
no evidence |
|
4.04 |
no evidence |
|
4.05 |
no evidence |
|
4.06 |
no evidence |
|
4.07 |
no evidence |
|
4.08 |
evergreen climber [humid forests] |
http://www.english-dictionary.us/meaning/Beaumontia_grandiflora.asp |
4.09 |
(1) Sun Exposure: Full Sun; (2) Full sun to light shade (3)full sun or light shade (4)Partial shade (5)Full sun.. (6) full sun and high humidity |
(1) http://davesgarden.com/pf/go/51539/index.html (2) http://www.sfwmd.gov/images/pdfs/ww6_vines.pdf (3)http://www.smgrowers.com/products/plants/plantdisplay.asp?cat_id=13&plant_id=238&page= (4)http://www.cvwd.org/lush&eff/lsh&ef46.htm (5)http://www.plantsofperfection.com/Collectors_list.html (6)http://www.greendealer-exotic-seeds.com/seeds/Vines.html |
4.1 |
(1)moist, fertile, humus-rich soil. (2)Well-drained soil |
(1)http://gardening.tiscali.co.za/0056.htm (2)http://www.burkesbackyard.com.au/1998/archives/26/in_the_garden/flowering_plants_and_shrubs/beaumontia |
4.11 |
Lianas to 20 m |
Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 176 [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200018356] |
4.12 |
no evidence |
|
5.01 |
Humid montane forests, valleys, riverbanks |
Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 176 [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200018356] |
5.02 |
Apocynaceae |
|
5.03 |
no evidence |
|
5.04 |
Lianas |
Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 176 [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200018356] |
6.01 |
no evidence |
|
6.02 |
seeds are for sale for propagation |
http://www.greendealer-exotic-seeds.com/seeds/Vines.html |
6.03 |
no evidence |
|
6.04 |
no evidence |
|
6.05 |
on the list of plants adapt to hawkmoth pollination |
http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/MEMBGNewsletter/Volume4number2/Theplantsthatlovehawkmoths.html |
6.06 |
no evidence |
|
6.07 |
(1)"Beaumontia does need to mature to bloom, it may take a couple of years before you see the flowers. " (2)Fast growing |
(1)http://www.rareflora.com/beaumontiagran.htm (2)http://www.cvwd.org/lush&eff/lsh&ef46.htm |
7.01 |
no evidence |
|
7.02 |
Cultivated as an ornamental |
Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 176 [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200018356] |
7.03 |
no evidence |
|
7.04 |
Follicles usually narrowly ellipsoid, 22-31 X 5-6 cm. Seeds 1.5-2.5 cm, coma 4-7 cm. |
Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 176 [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200018356] |
7.05 |
no evidence |
|
7.06 |
Follicles usually narrowly ellipsoid, 22-31 X 5-6 cm. Seeds 1.5-2.5 cm, coma 4-7 cm. [wind dispersal] |
Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 176 [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200018356] |
7.07 |
Follicles usually narrowly ellipsoid, 22-31 X 5-6 cm. Seeds 1.5-2.5 cm, coma 4-7 cm. [wind dispersal] |
Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 176 [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200018356] |
7.08 |
no evidence of ingestion |
|
8.01 |
Follicles usually narrowly ellipsoid, 22-31 X 5-6 cm. Seeds 1.5-2.5 cm, coma 4-7 cm. [large-sized seeds] |
Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 176 [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200018356] |
8.02 |
no evidence |
|
8.03 |
no evidence |
|
8.04 |
Prune after flowering with care |
gardening.tiscali.co.za/0056.htm |
8.05 |
no evidence |
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