Archontophoenix tuckeri Dowe. Family - Arecaceae. Common Names - King Palm, Peach Creek Palm.

Answer

Score

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated?

y=-3, n=0

n

0

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

y=-1, n=-1

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

y=-1, n=-1

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

See Append 2

2

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

2

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

y=1, n=0

n

0

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y=1, n=0

y

1

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2

?=-1, n=0

n

0

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

n

0

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

0

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

y

2

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.02

Allelopathic

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.03

Parasitic

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

y=1, n=-1

4.05

Toxic to animals

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

y=1, n=0

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

y=1, n=0

y

1

4.1

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

y=1, n=0

n

0

4.12

Forms dense thickets

y=1, n=0

y

1

5.01

Aquatic

y=5, n=0

n

0

5.02

Grass

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

y=1, n=0

n

0

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

y=1, n=0

n

0

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

y=1, n=0

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y=1, n=-1

y

1

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

y=1, n=-1

y

1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

y=1, n=-1

y

1

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

y=-1, n=0

n

0

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

See left

4

-1

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y=1, n=-1

y

1

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y=1, n=-1

y

1

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

y=1, n=-1

y

1

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

y=1, n=-1

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

y=-1, n=1

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

y=1, n=-1

n

-1

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

y=-1, n=1

Total score:

4

Second Screening

Evaluate

Notes

Reference

1.01

No evidence

1.02

1.03

2.01

(1) Native to rain and swamp forests at low and medium elevations on the Cape York Peninsula (2) Hardiness: USDA Zone 9b: to -3.8 °C (25 °F) USDA Zone 10a: to -1.1 °C (30 °F) USDA Zone 10b: to 1.7 °C (35 °F) USDA Zone 11: above 4.5 °C (40 °F) (3) Distribution: Occurs in rainforest, gallery forest, swampforest, mangrove ecotone and moist vine-thickets of Cape York Peninsula, Queensland from Mcllwraith Range [14° 00'S] to Cape York [10° 40'S], from sea-level to 500 m altitude.

(1) http://www.baumfarn.at/rareps20070906.php?language=eng [31 Oct 2007] (2) http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/66283/ [31 Oct 2007] (3) http://www.pacsoa.org.au/palms/Archontophoenix/tuckeri.html [31 Oct 2007]

2.02

2.03

(1) Hardiness: USDA Zone 9b: to -3.8 °C (25 °F) USDA Zone 10a: to -1.1 °C (30 °F) USDA Zone 10b: to 1.7 °C (35 °F) USDA Zone 11: above 4.5 °C (40 °F)

(1) http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/66283/ [31 Oct 2007]

2.04

(1) Native to rain and swamp forests at low and medium elevations on the Cape York Peninsula (2) Hardiness: USDA Zone 9b: to -3.8 °C (25 °F) USDA Zone 10a: to -1.1 °C (30 °F) USDA Zone 10b: to 1.7 °C (35 °F) USDA Zone 11: above 4.5 °C (40 °F) (3) Distribution: Occurs in rainforest, gallery forest, swampforest, mangrove ecotone and moist vine-thickets of Cape York Peninsula, Queensland from Mcllwraith Range [14° 00'S] to Cape York [10° 40'S], from sea-level to 500 m altitude.

(1) http://www.baumfarn.at/rareps20070906.php?language=eng [31 Oct 2007] (2) http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/66283/ [31 Oct 2007] (3) http://www.pacsoa.org.au/palms/Archontophoenix/tuckeri.html [31 Oct 2007]

2.05

(1) It is rare in cultivation (2) This plant has been said to grow in the following regions: Fallbrook, California, Oceanside, California, Santa Barbara, California, Thousand Oaks, California, Whittier, California 

(1) Riffle, R. L. 2003. An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms. Timber Press, Portland. (2) http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/66283/ [31 Oct 2007]

3.01

(1) http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinamea.htm [31 Oct 2007]

3.02

(1) No evidence

(1) http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinamea.htm [31 Oct 2007]

3.03

(1) No evidence

(1) http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinamea.htm [31 Oct 2007]

3.04

(1) No evidence

(1) http://www.hear.org/gcw/scientificnames/scinamea.htm [31 Oct 2007]

3.05

(1) Data obtained from this and other studies pointed out to a massive increase in seed production of A. cunninghamiana in a few years within the fragment. I suggest that this invasive palm can be taking advantage of the absence of Euterpe edulis Mart., a native palm which has similar biology, and was locally extinct due to human disturbances. Recommendations to control the invasion include the continuous removal of all Archontophoenix larger than 15 cm DBH, and the establishment of a buffer zone free of Archontophoenix around the fragment to decrease propagule pressure. (2) This work reports the invasion of the Reserve of the Cidade Universitária “Armando de Salles Oliveira” (23o34’ S, 46o43’ W), a small (10 ha) forest fragment, by a palm native of Australia...The high density already achieved by the invader and its tendency to increase even more call for management actions in order to reverse the invasion process.

(1) Christianini, A. V. 2006. Fecundity, dispersal and predation of seeds of Archontophoenix cunninghamiana H. Wendl.& Drude, an invasive palm in the Atlantic forest. Rev. bras. Bot. 29(4): p.587-594.

4.01

(1) Palm to 20 m tall, trunk to 26 cm in diameter and expanded at the base. Leaves about 3 m long with a moderate lateral twist. Crownshaft is green. Pinnae have silver/grey scales below and tend to be semipendulous in the apical 1/3. They lack ramenta on the midrib below.

(1) http://www.pacsoa.org.au/palms/Archontophoenix/tuckeri.html [31 Oct 2007]

4.02

(1) No evidence

(1) http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Archontophoenix%20tuckeri
%22+allelopathic%7Callelopathy [31 Oct 2007]

4.03

(1) No evidence

(1) http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=%22Archontophoenix%20tuckeri
%22+parasitic%7Cparasite [31 Oct 2007]

4.04

No evidence [most palm leaves are rich in fiber, and will be out of the reach of grazing animals once grown tall but seedlings are possibly palatable]

4.05

(1) No evidence. Does not contain cyanogenic glycosides.

(1) Zona, S. 2006. Cyanogenesis in hearts of palm (Arecaceae). Tropical Science 46(3): 180–184.

4.06

Possibly. Pests on related A. alexandrae. (1) "Ralstonia (syn. Pseudomonas ) solanacearum is an important pathogenic bacterium causing serious wilt disease on many plants, including several economically important woody trees. Fourteen species of woody plants reported as hosts of the pathogen are Alexandra palm (Archontophoenix alexandrae ), cashew (Anacardium occidentale ), clove (Syzygium aromaticum ), custard apple (Annona squamosa and Annona cherimola ), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.), mulberry (Morus alba ), neem (Azadirachta indica ), nutmeg (Myristica fragrans ), olive (Olea europaea ), teak (Tectona grandis ), wax apple (Eugenia javanica ), and other trees locally known as "petai cina" (Leucaena glauca [Leucaena leucocephala ]), "kelor" (Moringa oleifera ) and "ki pahang" (Pongamia pinnata ). "
[broad host ranges]
(2) AB: In a survey in Hong Kong, Brontispa longissima was found to infest Washingtonia robusta, Archontophoenix alexandrae and Phoenix roebelenii as well as its previously known hosts. [a beetle that attacks coconut]

(2) Lau, C. S. K. (1991) Occurrence of Brontispa longissima Gestro in Hong Kong. Quarterly Newsletter - Asia and Pacific Plant Protection Commission, 1991, Vol.34, No.3-4, p.10

4.07

(1) No evidence

(1) http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=%22Archontophoenix%20tuckeri
%22+allergic%7Callergies%7Callergy%7Creaction [01 Nov 2007]

4.08

(1) Probably not. The related A. alexandrae and A. cunnighamii are on the "Rancho Santa Fe Fire Protection District Desirable Tree List" as species that will reduce the risk of fire hazards in residential areas. (2) A. tuckeri occurs in a vegetation community with the following description: Fire Management Guidelines: STRATEGY: No fire management required. Buffer unnecessary (non-flammable vegetation community). ISSUES: Non-flammable vegetation.

(1) http://www.rsf-fire.org/assets/documents/prevention/resources/desirable_tree_list.pdf [1 Nov 2007] (2) http://www.epa.qld.gov.au/projects/redd/display_region.cgi?region=3&format=print [01 Nov 2007]

4.09

(1) Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade (2) These appreciate ample water, especially in the warmer months and thrive in shade, or full sun once acclimated.Seedlings typically favor shade, filtered sun, or partial sun until established(approx. 2 feet tall or larger), when they can handle more sun or full sun.

(1) http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/66283/ [31 Oct 2007] (2) http://cgi.ebay.com/ROCKY-River-KING-Palm-FASTEST-KING-Rare-Aussie Tree_W0QQitemZ230185732683QQihZ013QQ
categoryZ42219QQcmdZViewItem [01 Nov 2007]

4.1

(1) Once palms arrive, they will benefit from being kept in a 1 gallon container, slightly moist, warm, and in a fast draining soil, such as Supersoil, or a quality Cactus-Mix(available at any Home Improvement or local Nursery Supply Center) . Any of the following ingredients such as pumice, small bark chips, perlite, wood shavings, vermiculite, and coarse sand can all be used to benefit good drainage. (2) The closely related A. alexandrae likes a quick draining and sandy top soil.

(1) http://cgi.ebay.com/ROCKY-River-KING-Palm-FASTEST-KING-Rare-Aussie Tree_W0QQitemZ230185732683QQihZ013QQcategoryZ42219QQcmdZViewItem [01 Nov 2007] (2) http://www.thegreenescape.com/Merchant2/merchant.mv?Screen=PROD
&Store_Code=any&Product_Code=Archontophoenix_alexandrae-King_Palm

4.11

(1) Palm to 20 m tall, trunk to 26 cm in diameter and expanded at the base.

(1) http://www.pacsoa.org.au/palms/Archontophoenix/tuckeri.html [31 Oct 2007]

4.12

(1) In the Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service description of Evergreen mesophyll vine forest with Archontophoenix spp., "Archontophoenix tuckeri or A. alexandrae frequently occur at high densities in the canopy, although more often only reach the sub canopy." The report also states "High biomass of Archontophoenix species. Archontophoenix tuckeri dominates north of the McIlwraith Range, with A. alexandrae replacing it in the south."

(1) http://www.epa.qld.gov.au/projects/redd/display_region.cgi?region=3&format=print [01 Nov 2007]

5.01

(1) Occurs in rainforest, gallery forest, swampforest, mangrove ecotone and moist vine-thickets

(1) http://www.pacsoa.org.au/palms/Archontophoenix/tuckeri.html [31 Oct 2007]

5.02

palm; Arecaceae

5.03

palm; Arecaceae

5.04

palm; Arecaceae

6.01

Don't know

6.02

(1) Propagation Methods: From seed; germinate in vitro in gelatin, agar or other medium...seed germinates extremely easily

(1) http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/66283/ [31 Oct 2007]

6.03

(1) Members of this genus readily hybridize with each-other

(1) Jones, D. L. 1995. Palms Throughout the World. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.

6.04

(1) Probably, as single plants of the related A. alexandrae are capable of producing fertile seed.

(1) Jones, D. L. 1995. Palms Throughout the World. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.

6.05

(1) List of Australian plant genera visited by honeybees. Archontophoenix

(1) http://eied.deh.gov.au/biodiversity/invasive/publications/bees/interactions.html [01 Nov 2007]

6.06

(1) No evidence, Propagation Methods: From seed

(1) http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/66283/ [01 Nov 2007]

6.07

(1) Easily one of the most robust palms we grow, expect a growth rate of 3-6 feet per year, a trunk width of 8-12 inches at maturity, with long, recurved leaves, 7-10 feet in length, and an overall height of 40-60 feet is likely.

(1) http://cgi.ebay.com/ROCKY-River-KING-Palm-FASTEST-KING-Rare-Aussie Tree_W0QQitemZ230185732683QQihZ013QQcategoryZ42219QQcmdZViewItem [01 Nov 2007]

7.01

Although grown in high trafficed areas, the fruits may be too large to be dispersed unintentionally.

7.02

(1) Members of the genus Archontophoenix are "some of the world's most beautiful trees, palm or otherwise."

(1) Riffle, R. L. 1998. The Tropical Look: An Encyclopedia of Dramtic Landscape Plants. Timber Press, Portland, OR.

7.03

Large seeds. No evidence.

no evidence

7.04

Large seeds. (1) Fruit is red/brick-red at maturity, 17-25 mm long.

(1) http://www.pacsoa.org.au/palms/Archontophoenix/tuckeri.html [31 Oct 2007]

7.05

No evidence.

7.06

(1) Although unlikely, the large red fruit would be attractive to birds, and like the related A. alexandrae, "could presumably be dispersed by birds, water, pigs, and humans".

(1) http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/reports/html/archontophoenix_alexandrae.htm [01 Nov 2007]

7.07

No evidence. [cahed by rats?]

7.08

(1) Although unlikely, the large red fruit would be attractive to birds, and like the related A. alexandrae, "could presumably be dispersed by birds, water, pigs, and humans". (2) The related A. cunninghamiana, although with smaller fruit, is bird-dispersed, so A. tuckeri could presumably be dispersed by birds, or other animals.

(1) http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/reports/html/archontophoenix_alexandrae.htm [01 Nov 2007] (2) Christianini, A. V. 2006. Fecundity, dispersal and predation of seeds of Archontophoenix cunninghamiana H. Wendl.& Drude, an invasive palm in the Atlantic forest. Rev. bras. Bot. 29(4): p.587-594.

8.01

(1) Probably. Image of infructescence with 100s, if not 1000s, of seeds.

(1) http://www.pacsoa.org.au/palms/Archontophoenix/tuckeri.html [31 Oct 2007]

8.02

Don't know.

8.03

Don't know.

8.04

(1) Probably not. The related A. alexandrae can be controlled mechanically as follows: "Unwanted young palms could probably be pulled up by hand, or dug out with picks and shovels. Larger trees could be killed by cutting the top off below the crownshaft, or digging up the root ball."

(1) http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/reports/html/archontophoenix_alexandrae.htm

8.05

Don't know.