Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)


Aglaia odorata


RISK ASSESSMENT RESULTS: Low risk, score: -4


Australian/New Zealand Weed Risk Assessment adapted for Hawai‘i.

Research directed by C. Daehler (UH Botany) with funding from the Kaulunani Urban Forestry Program and US Forest Service

Information on Risk Assessments
Original risk assessment

Aglaia odorata; Trichilia sinensis, Chinese rice flower, Chinese perfume plant

Answer

1.01

Is the species highly domesticated?

y=-3, n=0

n

1.02

Has the species become naturalized where grown?

y=-1, n=-1

n

1.03

Does the species have weedy races?

y=-1, n=-1

n

2.01

Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) – If island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute “wet tropical” for “tropical or subtropical”

See Append 2

2

2.02

Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) see appendix 2

2

2.03

Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)

y=1, n=0

2.04

Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates

y=1, n=0

y

2.05

Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2

?=-1, n=0

3.01

Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2), n= question 2.05

n

3.02

Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

3.03

Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

3.04

Environmental weed y = 2*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

3.05

Congeneric weed y = 1*multiplier (see Append 2)

n=0

n

4.01

Produces spines, thorns or burrs

y=1, n=0

n

4.02

Allelopathic

y=1, n=0

4.03

Parasitic

y=1, n=0

n

4.04

Unpalatable to grazing animals

y=1, n=-1

n

4.05

Toxic to animals

y=1, n=0

n

4.06

Host for recognized pests and pathogens

y=1, n=0

n

4.07

Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans

y=1, n=0

n

4.08

Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems

y=1, n=0

n

4.09

Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle

y=1, n=0

y

4.1

Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island)

y=1, n=0

n

4.11

Climbing or smothering growth habit

y=1, n=0

n

4.12

Forms dense thickets

y=1, n=0

n

5.01

Aquatic

y=5, n=0

n

5.02

Grass

y=1, n=0

n

5.03

Nitrogen fixing woody plant

y=1, n=0

n

5.04

Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)

y=1, n=0

n

6.01

Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat

y=1, n=0

n

6.02

Produces viable seed.

y=1, n=-1

6.03

Hybridizes naturally

y=1, n=-1

6.04

Self-compatible or apomictic

y=1, n=-1

6.05

Requires specialist pollinators

y=-1, n=0

n

6.06

Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation

y=1, n=-1

n

6.07

Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1

See left

3

7.01

Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked areas)

y=1, n=-1

n

7.02

Propagules dispersed intentionally by people

y=1, n=-1

y

7.03

Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant

y=1, n=-1

n

7.04

Propagules adapted to wind dispersal

y=1, n=-1

n

7.05

Propagules water dispersed

y=1, n=-1

n

7.06

Propagules bird dispersed

y=1, n=-1

y

7.07

Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally)

y=1, n=-1

n

7.08

Propagules survive passage through the gut

y=1, n=-1

y

8.01

Prolific seed production (>1000/m2)

y=1, n=-1

n

8.02

Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr)

y=1, n=-1

8.03

Well controlled by herbicides

y=-1, n=1

8.04

Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire

y=1, n=-1

8.05

Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents)

y=-1, n=1

Total score:

-4


Supporting data:

Source

Notes

1.01

no evidence

1.02

no evidence

1.03

no evidence

2.01

(1)USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Available: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?1765 (21 July 2003) (2)http://www.phytochemie.botanik.univie.ac.at/herbarium/aglaia.htm

(1)Native Distributional range:
Asia-Temperate: China
Asia-Tropical: Thailand; Vietnam [temperate China range may be an error; according to Mabberly (The Plant Book) it is from S.E. Asia] (2)occurring in the tropics and subtropics of South and Southeast Asia, from Sri Lanka and India, the most western distribution, to Australia and as far as the Polynesian island Samoa in the East. [genus]

2.02

2.03

http://www.crescentbloom.com/Plants/Specimen/AE/Aglaia%20odorata.htm

USDA hardiness USDA zones 08a-09b …. Tolerates drought no Tolerates high humidity no Tolerates seaside conditions no. [but appears to be native to both tropical and temperate regions? Temperate China range may be an error; according to Mabberly (The Plant Book) it is from S.E. Asia]

2.04

USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN). [Online Database] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Available: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?1765 (21 July 2003)

Native Distributional range:
Asia-Temperate: China
Asia-Tropical: Thailand; Vietnam

2.05

(1)http://eco.ib.usp.br/beelab/livro_01_nogueira_neto.pdf (2)http://www.rareflora.com/priceavailibility.htm (3)http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/images/index.html (4)http://www.logees.com/store/

(1)introduced to Brazil (2)Florida (3)Hawaii (4) Grown as a greenhouse plant in New England

3.01

no evidence

3.02

no evidence

3.03

no evidence

3.04

no evidence

3.05

no evidence

4.01

http://path.wyk.edu.hk/trail/f04/f04right.html

no description of these traits

4.02

Makloi, Y.; Phuwiwat, W.; Laosinwattana, C.; Charoenying, P. (2003) Comparative effects of water extracts from different Aglaia odorata Lour. plant parts on germination and seedling growth of two weeds. Proceedings of 41st Kasetsart University Annual Conference, 3-7 February, 2003. Subject: Plants and Agricultural Extension and Communication, 2003, pp.311-317, 9 ref.

AB: A comparative study was conducted on the effects of water extracts from the leaves, twigs, branches, stems, roots and the mixed parts of A. odorata on the germination and seedling growth of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli ) and pigweed (Amaranthus viridis ). The concentrations of each plant part used were 0 (control; distilled water) 25, 50 and 100 mg/ml. The extract from the twigs had the highest inhibitory effect on seed germination and seedling growth of both weeds, followed by the extract from the leaves. The inhibitory effect of the extracts increased as the applied concentrations increased. [lab only]

4.03

no evidence

4.04

http://www.crescentbloom.com/Plants/Specimen/AE/Aglaia%20odorata.htm

'Deer resistant no'

4.05

http://www.crescentbloom.com/Plants/Specimen/AE/Aglaia%20odorata.htm

no evidence 'Livestock poison no'

4.06

Cercospora undulata was recorded to associated with A. odorata, but not evidence indicated that it is a recognized pathogen.

Farr, D.F., Rossman, A.Y., Palm, M.E., & McCray, E.B. (n.d.) Fungal Databases, Systematic Botany & Mycology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. Retrieved July 21, 2003, from http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/

4.07

http://doacs.state.fl.us/~pi/enpp/96-9&10all.htm

"A. odorata is used by Asians in Vero Beach as a lemon-pepper seasoning. Flowers are used to scent tea and the linen closet."

4.08

http://plantsdatabase.com/go/60784/Chinese+Rice+Flower_Aglaia_odorata.html

Probably not - an evergreen tree

4.09

(1)http://www.tedsgreenhouse.com/chinese_perfume_plant.htm (2)http://plantsdatabase.com/go/60784/Chinese+Rice+Flower_Aglaia_odorata.html (3)http://www2.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2002/07/24/HO56217.DTL&type=printable

(1)"Growing: part shade" (2)Sun Exposure: Full Sun, Sun to Partial Shade, Light Shade (3)Grown as an indoor plant

4.1

http://earthnotes.tripod.com/aglaia.htm (2)http://plantsdatabase.com/go/60784/Chinese+Rice+Flower_Aglaia_odorata.html

(1)NEEDS: Rich, well-drained moist soil (2)Soil pH requirements: 6.1 to 6.5 (mildly acidic) 6.6 to 7.5 (neutral)

4.11

http://doacs.state.fl.us/~pi/enpp/96-9&10all.htm

small tree

4.12

no evidence

5.01

terrestrial

5.02

small tree; Meliaceae

5.03

Meliaceae

5.04

http://doacs.state.fl.us/~pi/enpp/96-9&10all.htm

small tree

6.01

no evidence

6.02

http://eco.ib.usp.br/beelab/livro_01_nogueira_neto.pdf

plants in Brazil do not set seed

6.03

no evidence

6.04

no evidence

6.05

Nogueira-Neto P. 2002 Management of Plants to Maintain and Study Pollinating Bee Species, and Also to Protect Vertebrate Frugivorous Fauna. IN: Kevan P & Imperatriz Fonseca VL (eds) - Pollinating Bees - The Conservation Link Between Agriculture and Nature - Ministry of Environment / Brasília. p.21-28. Available at: http://eco.ib.usp.br/beelab/livro_01_nogueira_neto.pdf

"AGLAIA (Aglaia odorata Lour.). Nectar. Tree from China. It does not bloom in Central Brazil, but in the State of São Paulo (São Paulo City, Campinas and probably Southwards) it flowers well in June-August. It is very attractive to mandaguari or canudo (Scaptotrigona postica) and other meliponines (bees).

6.06

no evidence

6.07

(1)http://www.beehappyintulsa.com/myREminders.htm (2)http://www.logees.com/store/

(1)It is a slow grower with an upright bushy habit. (2)Small tree [minimum for a slow growin small tree/large bush]

7.01

http://path.wyk.edu.hk/trail/f04/f04right.html

"Fruit: Dry berry containing 1-2 seeds; globular; about 1.3cm in diameter." [large fruit]

7.02

http://www.rareflora.com/list.htm

plants were sold in Florida [grow for perfumy flowers]

7.03

no evidence

7.04

http://path.wyk.edu.hk/trail/f04/f04right.html

"Fruit: Dry berry containing 1-2 seeds; globular; about 1.3cm in diameter." [large fruit]

7.05

no evidence

7.06

http://path.wyk.edu.hk/trail/f04/f04right.html (2) Nogueira-Neto P. 2002 Management of Plants to Maintain and Study Pollinating Bee Species, and Also to Protect Vertebrate Frugivorous Fauna. IN: Kevan P & Imperatriz Fonseca VL (eds) - Pollinating Bees - The Conservation Link Between Agriculture and Nature - Ministry of Environment / Brasília. p.21-28. Available at: http://eco.ib.usp.br/beelab/livro_01_nogueira_neto.pdf

(1) "Fruit: Dry berry" (2) Its small red fruits are attractive to several birds."

7.07

no evidence

7.08

bird-dispersed

8.01

http://path.wyk.edu.hk/trail/f04/f04right.html

"Fruit: Dry berry containing 1-2 seeds; globular; about 1.3cm in diameter." [large fruit with few seeds]

8.02

no evidence

8.03

no evidence

8.04

no evidence

8.05

no evidence


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This page updated 30 September 2005