Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth. & Hook., Asteraceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results:  High risk, score: 19 (Go to the risk assessment)

Common name(s): [more details]

English: American dogweed, butter daisy, crown-beard, golden crown-beard, South African daisy

Habit:  herb

Description:  "Taprooted annual herbs; stems 2-10 dm long, many-branched.  Leaves opposite, upper ones alternate, ovate or deltate, 4-15 cm long, 2-10 cm wide, both surfaces canescent-strigoese, sometimes less so on upper surface4, margins coarsely and often irregularly serrate, petioles dilated at base to form a pair of stipule-like auricles.  Heads solitary at the ends of long peduncles or in clusters of 2-3, radiate; involucral bracts ca. 15, green, subequal, linear, 7-15 mm long; ray florets 10-15 per head, pistillate, rays bright yellow, 10-25 mm long; disk florets numerous, corollas yellow, ca. 8 mm long.  Achenes winged"  (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 372).

Habitat/ecology:  In Hawai‘i, "naturalized and relatively common in dry, disturbed sites, 0-2,805 m"  (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 372).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  "Mexico and southwestern United States"  (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 372).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 372)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaho‘olawe Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 372)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaua‘i Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 372)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kure Atoll	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 372)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kure Atoll	introduced invasive	Starr, Forest/Martz, Kim/Loope, Lloyd (2001) (p. 18) Common and widespread over almost the entire island, especially the interior of the island. Both seabirds and native plants have been displaced by this highly invasive plant. Not much grows under the dense, shady dog hair thickets, except occasionally Boerhavia repens and a few others in light gaps and edges.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Lāna‘i Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 372)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 372)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Moloka‘i Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 372)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Ni‘ihau Island	introduced invasive	Wood, K. R./LeGrande, Maya (2006) (p. 21) Voucher cited: K.R. Wood & VanderWerf 9878 (BISH, PTBG)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 372)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Pearl and Hermes Reef	introduced invasive	Starr, Forest/Martz, Kim/Loope, Lloyd L. (2002) (p. 18) Voucher cited: Starr & Martz 990614-1 (BISH)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Pearl and Hermes Reef	introduced invasive	Starr, Forest/Martz, Kim (1999) (p. 21) Southeast Island: A common to dominant species found on the eastern side of the lagoon. A few large patches and some smaller ones.
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Midway Atoll	Eastern Island	introduced invasive	Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim/Loope, Lloyd (2008) (pp. B-15)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Midway Atoll	Midway Atoll	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 372)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Midway Atoll	Sand Island	introduced invasive	Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim/Loope, Lloyd (2008) (pp. B-15)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Midway Atoll	Spit Island	introduced invasive	Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim/Loope, Lloyd (2008) (pp. B-15)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Mexico Mexico	Mexico (United Mexican States)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (California)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)

Also reported from
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	United States (other states)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	USA (Florida)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)

Comments:  A dominant invasive on Midway Atoll (Starr, Starr & Loope, 2008; p. A-56).

Additional information:
Fact sheet from the Friends of Midway Atoll (PDF format).
HNIS Report for Verbesina encelioides

Additional online information about Verbesina encelioides is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Verbesina encelioides as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Verbesina encelioides may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Starr, Forest/Martz, Kim. 1999. S. S. Midway expedition, May 21, 1999 - June 16, 1999. Trip report prepared for: United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Unpublished. 22 pp. plus photos.

Starr, Forest/Martz, Kim/Loope, Lloyd. 2001. Botanical inventory of Kure Atoll. United States Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Haleakala Field Station, Hawai‘i. 22 pp.

Starr, Forest/Martz, Kim/Loope, Lloyd L. 2002. New plant records from the Hawaiian archipelago. In: Evenhuis, Neal L. and Eldredge, Lucius G., eds. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2000. Part 2: Notes. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. 69:16-27.

Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim/Loope, Lloyd. 2008. Botanical survey of Midway Atoll. Prepared for: United States Fish and Wildlife Service. 27 pp. plus appendices.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2011. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. 1999. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. Revised edition. Bernice P. Bishop Museum special publication. University of Hawai‘i Press/Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 1919 pp. (two volumes).

Wood, K. R./LeGrande, Maya. 2006. An annotated checklist and new island records of flowering plants from Lehua Islet, Ni‘ihau, Hawai‘i. In: Evenhuis, Neal L. and Eldredge, Lucias G., eds. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2004-2005. Part 1: Articles. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 87:19-29.