Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)

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Turnera ulmifolia
L., Turneraceae


Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Threat only at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results:  High risk, score: 10 (Go to the risk assessment)

Common name(s): [more details]

English: Marilopez, ramgoat dashalong, sage rose, West Indian holly, yellow alder

I-Kiribati: te kaikainea

Marshallese: nõr in jiboñ, nor in jiboñ

Habit:  herb

Description:  "Aromatic perennial herbs or shrubs 4-15 dm tall, densely strigose.  Leaves clustered toward the tips of the branches, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate or narrowly elliptic, 4-13 cm long, 2-3 (-5) cm wide, moderately to occasionally sparsely strigillose, margins doubly serrate, petioles 0.8-1.5 cm long, stipules erect, triangular, ca 1.5 mm long.  Calyx ca 20 mm long, the tube 5-8 mm long, the lobes lanceolate, apex caudate; petals yellow, sometimes with a brown spot toward base, obovate, 20-35 mm long; ovary ovoid, with 6 small apical tubercles.  Capsules ovoid, 7-8 mm long.  Seeds narrowly obovoid, slightly curved, ca 2.5 mm long"  (Wagner et al., 1999; pp. 1295-1296).

Habitat/ecology:  In Hawai‘i, "naturalized in dry, disturbed areas, 30-190 m" (Wagner et al., 1999; pp. 1295-1296).  In Fiji, "naturalized and locally abundant especially in coconut plantations near sea level"  (Smith, 1981; p. 663). In New Caledonia, "envahissant à Thio" (MacKee, 1994; p. 135). In Indonesia, "in sunny dry localities, 1-20 m, especially in the coastal regions: grassy fields, wate places, under coconuts, often on sandy soil, light jungles, as a rule in scattered specimens" (Van Steenis, 1948; pp. 237-238).

Propagation:  Seed. Seeds reported to be carried by ants (Staples et al, 2000; p. 30).

Native range:  Florida, the West Indies and Tropical America; widely planted as an ornamental and naturalized in the tropics.

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. &
Island group
Location Cited status &
Cited as invasive &
Cited as cultivated &
Cited as aboriginal introduction?
Reference &
Comments
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Santa Cruz Group
Santa Cruz Island introduced
cultivated
Charles Darwin Research Station (2005)
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands
Tol Island introduced
cultivated
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Denslow, Julie S./Nelson, Duane/Mazawa, Thomas R. (2000) (p. 30)
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands
Weno (Moen) Island introduced
cultivated
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Denslow, Julie S./Nelson, Duane/Mazawa, Thomas R. (2000) (p. 30)
Federated States of Micronesia
Kosrae Island
Kosrae Island introduced
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Denslow, Julie S./Nelson, Duane/Waguk, Erick E. (2000) (p. 29)
Federated States of Micronesia
Kosrae Island
Kosrae Island introduced
invasive
cultivated
Lorence, David H./Flynn, Tim (2005) (p. 22)
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands
Pohnpei Island   Lorence, David H./Flynn, Tim (1998) (p. 30)
Fiji
Fiji Islands
Kandavu Island introduced
invasive
cultivated
Smith, Albert C. (1981) (p. 663)
Voucher cited: DA 2993
Fiji
Fiji Islands
Lakemba Island introduced
invasive
cultivated
Smith, Albert C. (1981) (p. 663)
Voucher cited: Garnock-Jones 961
Fiji
Fiji Islands
Mango Island introduced
invasive
cultivated
Smith, Albert C. (1981) (p. 663)
Fiji
Fiji Islands
Naitamba Island introduced
invasive
cultivated
Smith, Albert C. (1981) (p. 663)
Voucher cited: DA 11799
Fiji
Fiji Islands
Naitamba Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1956) (voucher ID: BISH 14704)
Taxon name on voucher: Turnera ulmifolia L.
Fiji
Fiji Islands
Ovalau Island introduced
invasive
cultivated
Smith, Albert C. (1981) (p. 663)
Fiji
Fiji Islands
Taveuni Island introduced
invasive
cultivated
Smith, Albert C. (1981) (p. 663)
Vouchers cited: DA 5714, DA 8904, DA 11514, DA 9109, DA 9623
Fiji
Fiji Islands
Taveuni Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1954) (voucher ID: BISH 14703)
Taxon name on voucher: Turnera ulmifolia L.
Fiji
Fiji Islands
Taveuni Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1958) (voucher ID: BISH 14705)
Taxon name on voucher: Turnera ulmifolia L.
Fiji
Fiji Islands
Vanua Levu Island introduced
invasive
cultivated
Smith, Albert C. (1981) (p. 663)
Vouchers cited: Krauss 1023, Degener & Ordonez 14193, DA 8818, DA 13955
Fiji
Fiji Islands
Vanua Levu Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1964) (voucher ID: BISH 14702)
Taxon name on voucher: Turnera ulmifolia L.
Fiji
Fiji Islands
Vanua Levu Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1941) (voucher ID: BISH 185047)
Taxon name on voucher: Turnera ulmifolia L.
Fiji
Fiji Islands
Vanua Levu Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1966) (voucher ID: BISH 185048)
Taxon name on voucher: Turnera ulmifolia L.
Fiji
Fiji Islands
Vanua Mbalavu Island introduced
invasive
cultivated
Smith, Albert C. (1981) (p. 663)
Vouchers cited: DA 10220, Garnock-jones 1115
Fiji
Fiji Islands
Vanua Mbalavu Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1977) (voucher ID: BISH 420632)
Taxon name on voucher: Turnera ulmifolia L.
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands
Hawai‘i (Big) Island introduced
invasive
Oppenheimer, Hank L. (2004) (p. 18)
Voucher cited: Oppenheimer H80107 (BISH, PTBG)
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands
Kaua‘i Island introduced
invasive
cultivated
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1295-1296)
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands
Maui Island introduced
invasive
Oppenheimer, Hank L. (2004) (p. 18)
West Maui. Vouchers cited: Oppenheimer H50111 (BISH, PTBG), Oppenheimer H50112 (BISH, PTBG), Oppenheimer H60133 (BISH, PTBG), Oppenheimer & Hansen H80301 (BISH, PTBG), Oppenheimer H110110 (BISH, PTBG)
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands
Moloka‘i Island introduced
invasive
cultivated
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1295-1296)
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands
Moloka‘i Island introduced
invasive
cultivated
Smith, Albert C. (1981) (p. 663)
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands
O‘ahu Island introduced
Wester, Lyndon (1992) (p. 151)
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands
O‘ahu Island introduced
invasive
cultivated
Frohlich, Danielle/Lau, Alex (2007) (p. 11)
Voucher cited: D. Frohlich s.n. (BISH 725947)
Kiribati
Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands
Abemama Atoll introduced
invasive
Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. (2004) (p. 10)
Voucher specimen collected: Imada 2003-148 (BISH 697760)
Kiribati
Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands
Abemama Atoll   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (2003) (voucher ID: BISH 697760)
Taxon name on voucher: Turnera ulmifolia L.
Kiribati
Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands
Butaritari Atoll introduced
invasive
Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. (2004) (p. 10)
Voucher specimen collected: Imada 2003-54 (BISH 697669)
Kiribati
Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands
Butaritari Atoll   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (2003) (voucher ID: BISH 697669)
Taxon name on voucher: Turnera ulmifolia L.
Kiribati
Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands
Maiana Atoll introduced
invasive
Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. (2004) (p. 10)
Voucher specimen collected: Imada 2003-102 (BISH 697717)
Kiribati
Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands
Maiana Atoll   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (2003) (voucher ID: BISH 697717)
Taxon name on voucher: Turnera ulmifolia L.
Kiribati
Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands
Tarawa Atoll introduced
invasive
Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. (2004) (p. 10)
Voucher specimens collected: Imada 2003-25 (BISH 697640); Imada 2003-30 (BISH 697645)
Kiribati
Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands
Tarawa Atoll   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (2003) (voucher ID: BISH 697640)
Taxon name on voucher: Turnera ulmifolia L.
Kiribati
Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands
Tarawa Atoll   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (2003) (voucher ID: BISH 697645)
Taxon name on voucher: Turnera ulmifolia L.
Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain
Jaluit (Jãlwõj) Atoll   ? (year unknown)
Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain
Kili (Kõle) Atoll introduced
invasive
cultivated
Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2006) (p. 12)
"Common; decorative around many houses, some escaping into the wilds".
Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain
Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll introduced
cultivated
Whistler, W. A./Steele, O. (1999) (p. 103)
Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain
Arno Atoll introduced
invasive
cultivated
Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2007) (p. 12)
"Common; decorative around houses, some plants becoming ruderal, even escaping into forest areas".
Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain
Likiep Atoll   ? (year unknown)
Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain
Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll introduced
invasive
cultivated
Vander Velde, Nancy (2003) (p. 129)
Nauru
Nauru Island
Nauru Island introduced
Meyer, Jean-Yves (2000) (p. 99)
"Potential invader"
New Caledonia
Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands)
Île Maré introduced
invasive
cultivated
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 135)
Voucher cited: Suprin in Veillon 6294 (NOU)
New Caledonia
Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands)
Île Tiga introduced
invasive
cultivated
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 135)
Voucher cited: MacKee 45911
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago
Île Grande Terre introduced
invasive
Gargominy, Oliver/Bouchet, Philipe/Pascal, Michel/Jaffre, Tanguy/Tourneu, Jean-Christophe (1996) (p. 383)
Envahissant à Thio.
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago
Île Grande Terre introduced
invasive
cultivated
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 135)
Vouchers cited: MacKee 41650, MacKee 43038
Palau
Palau (main island group)
Angaur Island introduced
invasive
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 88)
Palau
Palau (main island group)
Babeldaob Island introduced
invasive
cultivated
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 87)
Palau
Palau (main island group)
Babeldaob Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1996) (voucher ID: BISH 649710)
Taxon name on voucher: Turnera ulmifolia L.
Palau
Palau (main island group)
Koror Island introduced
cultivated
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 83)
Palau
Palau (main island group)
Malakal Island introduced
cultivated
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 83)
Palau
Palau (main island group)
Ngerkebesang Island introduced
cultivated
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 83)
Palau
Palau (main island group)
Peleliu Island introduced
invasive
cultivated
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 91)
Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. &
Island group
Location Cited status &
Cited as invasive &
Cited as cultivated &
Cited as aboriginal introduction?
Reference &
Comments
El Salvador
El Salvador
El Salvador (Republic of)   Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 371)
Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia (Republic of) introduced
invasive
Van Steenis, C. G. G. J. (1948) (p. 4:238)
Malaysia
Malaysia
Malaysia (country of) introduced
invasive
Van Steenis, C. G. G. J. (1948) (p. 4:238)
Mexico
Mexico
Mexico (United Mexican States) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Indian Ocean
Country/Terr./St. &
Island group
Location Cited status &
Cited as invasive &
Cited as cultivated &
Cited as aboriginal introduction?
Reference &
Comments
Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands)
Christmas Island Group
Christmas Island introduced
invasive
Swarbrick, J. T. (1997) (p. 130)
Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Cocos (Keeling) Islands introduced
invasive
Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1993) (p. 37)
British Indian Ocean Territory
Chagos Archipelago
Diego Garcia Island introduced
Stoddart, D. R./Taylor, J. D., eds. (1971) (p. 154)
Var. elegans Urb. "Recorded by Willis and Gardiner (1931)".

Comments:  See also Turnera subulata.

Additional information:  Additional online information about Turnera ulmifolia is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Taxonomic information about Turnera ulmifolia may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1941. Voucher specimen #BISH 185047 (Degener, O. 14193).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1954. Voucher specimen #BISH 14703 (Koroiveibau, D. 8904).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1956. Voucher specimen #BISH 14704 (Morwood, R.B. 11799).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1958. Voucher specimen #BISH 14705 (Parham, J.W. 11514).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1964. Voucher specimen #BISH 14702 (Qoro, I. 13955).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1966. Voucher specimen #BISH 185048 (Krauss, N.L.H. 1023).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1977. Voucher specimen #BISH 420632 (Garnock-Jones, P.J. 307493).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1996. Voucher specimen #BISH 649710 (Herbst, D.R. LR26198).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 2003. Voucher specimen #BISH 697640 (C.Imada 2003-25).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 2003. Voucher specimen #BISH 697645 (C.Imada 2003-30).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 2003. Voucher specimen #BISH 697669 (C.Imada 2003-54).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 2003. Voucher specimen #BISH 697717 (C.Imada 2003-102).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 2003. Voucher specimen #BISH 697760 (C.Imada 2003-148).

Charles Darwin Research Station. 2005. CDRS Herbarium records.

Frohlich, Danielle/Lau, Alex. 2007. New plant records from O‘ahu for 2006. In: Evenhuis, Neal L. and Eldredge, Lucias G., eds. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2006. Part 2: Notes. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 96:8-13.

Gargominy, Oliver/Bouchet, Philipe/Pascal, Michel/Jaffre, Tanguy/Tourneu, Jean-Christophe. 1996. Conséquences des introductions d'espèces animales et végétales sur la biodiversité en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Rev. Ecol. (Terre Vie) 51:375-401.

Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 391 pp.

Lorence, David H./Flynn, Tim. 1998. Checklist of the plants of Pohnpei. Unpublished checklist. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Hawai‘i. 21 pp.

Lorence, David H./Flynn, Tim. 2005. Checklist of the plants of Kosrae. Unpublished checklist. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Hawai‘i. 23 pp.

MacKee, H. S. 1994. Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 164 p.

Meyer, Jean-Yves. 2000. Preliminary review of the invasive plants in the Pacific islands (SPREP Member Countries). In: Sherley, G. (tech. ed.). Invasive species in the Pacific: A technical review and draft regional strategy. South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, Samoa. 190 pp.

Oppenheimer, Hank L. 2004. New Hawaiian plant records for 2003. In: Evenhuis, Neal L. and Eldredge, Lucius G., eds. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2003. Part 2: Notes. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. 79:8-20.

Orchard, Anthony E., ed. 1993. Flora of Australia. Vol. 50, Oceanic islands 2. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.

Smith, Albert C. 1981. Flora Vitiensis nova: a new flora of Fiji. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Kauai, Hawaii. Volume 2. 810 pp.

Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. 2004. Report to the Republic of Kiribati on invasive plant species on the islands of Tarawa, Abemama, Butaritari and Maiana. Cont. no. 2003-006 to the Pac. Biol. Surv. USDA Forest Service and Bishop Museum, Honolulu. 103 pp.

Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Denslow, Julie S./Nelson, Duane/Mazawa, Thomas R. 2000. Invasive plant species in Chuuk, Federated States of Micronesia.  USDA Forest Service, Honolulu. 41 pp.

Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Denslow, Julie S./Nelson, Duane/Waguk, Erick E. 2000. Invasive plant species on Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia.  USDA Forest Service, Honolulu. 43 pp.

Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar. 2003. Report to the Republic of Palau on invasive plant species of environmental concern. USDA Forest Service, Honolulu. 174 pp.

Staples, George W./Herbst, Derral/Imada, Clyde T. 2000. Survey of invasive or potentially invasive cultivated plants in Hawai‘i. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers No. 65. 35 pp.

Stoddart, D. R./Taylor, J. D., eds. 1971. Geography and ecology of Diego Garcia Atoll, Chagos Archipelago. Atoll Research Bulletin No. 149. Smithsonian Institution, Washington. 237 pp.

Swarbrick, J. T. 1997. Environmental weeds and exotic plants on Christmas Island, Indian Ocean: a report to Parks Australia. 101 pp. plus appendix.

U. S. Government. 2006. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) (on-line resource).

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2007. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

Van Steenis, C. G. G. J. 1948. Flora Malesiana, Series I. Noordhoff-Kolff, Djakarta. 1948-1954, 14 volumes.

Vander Velde, Nancy. 2003. The vascular plants of Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands. Smithsonian Institution, Atoll Research Bulletin No. 503:1-141.

Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian. 2006. Plants of Kili Island, Marshall Islands. Unpublished checklist. 12 pp.

Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian. 2007. Arno plants [preliminary working listing of plant species]. Unpublished checklist, 13 pp.

Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. 1999. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. Revised edition. Bernice P. Bishop Museum special publication. University of Hawai‘i Press/Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 1919 pp. (two volumes).

Wester, Lyndon. 1992. Origin and distribution of adventive flowering plants in Hawai‘i. In: Stone, Charles P.; Smith, Clifford W. and Tunison, J. Timothy. Alien plant invasions in native ecosystems of Hawaii: Management and Research. University of Hawaii, Cooperative National Park Research Studies Unit, Honolulu. University of Hawaii Press. .

Whistler, W. A./Steele, O. 1999. Botanical survey of the United States of America Kwajalein Atoll (USAKA) Islands. Prepared for Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education and the U. S. Army Environmental Center. 111 pp.


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This page was created on 1 JAN 1999 and was last updated on 27 OCT 2006.