L., Fabaceae
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L., Fabaceae |
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Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations? no
Common name(s): [more details]
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Chinese: hong che zhou cao |
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English: mammoth red clover, medium red clover, peavine clover, purple clover, red clover |
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French: trèfle des prés, trèfle des pres, trèfle rouge, trèfle violet |
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Spanish: trèbol común, trèbol morado, trèbol rojo, trèbol violeta |
Habit: herb
Description: "Perennial herbs, sparsely villous or glabrescent. Stems numerous from crown, erect or ascending, 20-70 cm, stout, striate. Leaves palmately 3-foliolate, basal and cauline, long petiolate in lower leaves, shortly petiolate in upper leaves; stipules ovate-lanceolate, membranous, base adnate to petiole, apex acuminate-subulate; leaflets ovate-elliptic or obovate, rarely elliptic, 1.5-3.5 (-5) x 1-2 cm, lateral veins 15, base broadly cuneate, margins obscurely serrulate, apex obtuse, rarely retuse. Flowers 30-70, in dense globose or ovoid, terminal, sessile to shortly pedunculate heads, subtended by involucre of stipules of reduced leaves. Calyx slightly pubescent or glabrous, veins 10; teeth subulate, unequal, lower tooth ca. 2x others. Corolla purple, rarely pink or white, 12-14 (-18) mm; standard spatulate, apex rounded, retuse. Ovary elliptic. Legume ovoid. Seed 1, yellow or brown, ovoid" (Flora of China online).
Habitat/ecology: In Hawai‘i, "naturalized in west, open areas such as pastures and lawns, 820-2,070 m (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 714). In China, "cultivated and naturalized; woodland margins, wet meadows, roadsides" (Flora of China online). In New Zealand, "pasture, waste places, gardens, cultivated land" (Webb et al., 1988; p. 690).
Propagation: Seed
Native range: Europe, northern Africa, Asia; widely naturalized in temperate regions (GRIN).
Presence:
| Pacific | |||
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Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
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Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island) |
introduced
invasive |
Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John (2011) |
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Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island) |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido (2006) (p. 558) |
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State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Hawai‘i (Big) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 714)
var. sativum. Voucher cited: Ewart III 232 (BISH) |
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State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Maui Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 714)
var. sativum |
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New Zealand (offshore islands)
Kermadec Islands |
Kermadec Islands |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 690) |
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Philippines
Philippine Islands |
Philippine Islands |
introduced
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ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013) |
| Pacific Rim | |||
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Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
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Australia
Australia (continental) |
New South Wales |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
National Herbarium of New South Wales (2013)
"Widely cultivated, frequently naturalized". |
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Australia
Australia (continental) |
Australia (continental) |
introduced
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ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013)
Australian Capital Territory, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia |
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Australia
Australia (continental) |
Queensland |
introduced
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ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013) |
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British Columbia (province of Canada)
Province of British Columbia |
Canada (British Columbia) |
introduced
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013) |
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Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Guatemala (Republic of) |
introduced
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ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013) |
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China
China |
China (People's Republic of) |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013) |
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Indonesia
Indonesia |
Indonesia (Republic of) |
introduced
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ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013) |
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Japan
Japan |
Japan |
introduced
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Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro (2004) (p. 185) |
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New Zealand
New Zealand |
New Zealand (country) |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 690) |
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South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Chile (Republic of) |
introduced
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ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013) |
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South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Colombia |
introduced
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ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013) |
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South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Perú (Republic of) |
introduced
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ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013) |
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Taiwan
Taiwan Island |
Taiwan Island |
introduced
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ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013) |
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United States (west coast)
United States (west coast states) |
USA (Oregon) |
introduced
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ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013) |
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United States (west coast)
United States (west coast states) |
USA (California) |
introduced
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ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013) |
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United States (west coast)
United States (west coast states) |
USA (Washington) |
introduced
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ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013) |
| Also reported from | |||
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Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
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Canada
Canada |
Canada |
introduced
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013) |
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United States (continental except west coast)
United States (other states) |
United States (other states) |
introduced
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ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013) |
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United States (continental except west coast)
United States (other states) |
USA (Florida) |
introduced
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ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2013) |
Control: If you know of control methods for Trifolium pratense, please let us know.