Trifolium glomeratum L., Fabaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Other Latin names:  Amoria glomerata (L.) Soják

Common name(s): [more details]

English: bush clover, cluster clover, clustered clover

French: trèfle aggloméré

Spanish: trebol

Habit:  herb

Description:  "Annual; stems glabrous, procumbent or ascending, not rooting at nodes. Leaves ± glabrous; petioles c. 5-20 mm long; leaflets obovate, acute to obtuse, mucronate, cuneate at base, finely serrate, c. 3-12 mm long; lateral veins thin and straight or slightly recurved and thickened toward leaflet margin; petiolules < 1 mm long, ± equal; stipules ovate, acuminate. Inflorescences axillary, spicate, globose, sessile or shortly pedunculate, mostly remote; flowers numerous, sessile or subsessile, remaining ± erect at fruiting; bracts subtending flowers free. Calyx glabrous, with 10-12 very distinct veins, not inflated at fruiting; throat open, glabrous; calyx teeth subequal, < corolla, ovate, acuminate, < tube, strongly recurved at fruiting; sinuses acute. Corolla pink to purplish, persistent, 3-5 mm long. Pod glabrous, straight, < calyx, 2-3 mm long, 1-2-seeded; seeds c. 1 mm in diameter"  (Webb et al., 1988; p. 686).

Habitat/ecology:  In New Zealand, "dry waste places and pasture, cultivated land, coastal areas"  (Webb et al., 1988; p. 686).  "In Chile this species grows in the following environmental conditions:  Low altitude, interior valleys; coastal mountains, 500-2000 m; coastal areas, 0-500 m. Dry, arid areas, with long drought periods of 6-10 months. precipitations of 100-300 mm. are concentrated in winter. Fully exposed to the sun, level areas or slopes facing north"  (Chileflora).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Canary, Cape Verde and Madeira Islands; Europe; northern Africa; western Asia; widely naturalized (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia (Pacific offshore islands) Lord Howe Island	Lord Howe Island	introduced invasive	Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1994) "Found in pastures and cultivated ground".
Australia (Pacific offshore islands) Norfolk Islands	Norfolk Island	introduced invasive	Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1994) "Found in pastures and cultivated ground".
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island)	introduced invasive	Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John (2011)
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island)	introduced invasive cultivated	Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido (2006) (p. 558)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 712) "Naturalized in lawns at Makawao Intermediate School".

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	Australia (continental)	introduced	ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre (2011) Australian Capital Territory, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia
Australia Australia (continental)	New South Wales	introduced invasive	National Herbarium of New South Wales (2011) "A common garden weed".
Australia Australia (continental)	Queensland	introduced invasive	National Herbarium of New South Wales (2011) "A common garden weed".
Chile (continental) Chile	Chile (Republic of)	introduced invasive	Belov, Michail (2011)
Japan Japan	Japan (country)	introduced	Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro (2004) (p. 185)
New Zealand New Zealand	New Zealand (country)	introduced invasive	Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 686)
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (Oregon)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2011)
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (California)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2011)

Also reported from
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	United States (other states)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2011) Alabama, South Carolina
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	USA (Florida)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2011)

Additional information:
Photos and other information from Chileflora.

Additional online information about Trifolium glomeratum is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Trifolium glomeratum as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Trifolium glomeratum may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John. 2011. Naturalized species in the Juan Fernández Archipelago, Chile. Unpublished spreadsheet.

Belov, Michail. 2011. Chileflora (online resource).

Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido. 2006. Nouveau catalogue de la flore vaculaire de l'archipel Juan Fernández (Chile) [Nuevo catálogo de la flora vacular del Archipélago Juan Fernández (Chile)]. Acta Bot. Gallica 153(4):399-587.

ILDIS Co-ordinating Centre. 2011. International Legume Database & Information Service. Online searchable database.

Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro. 2004. Invasive alien species in Japan: the status quo and the new regulation for prevention of their adverse effects. Global Environmental Research 8(2)/2004: 171-191.

National Herbarium of New South Wales. 2011. PlantNet: New South Wales Flora online. The Plant Information Network System of the Botanic Gardens Trust Version 2.0. Online resource.

Orchard, Anthony E., ed. 1994. Flora of Australia. Vol. 49, Oceanic islands 1. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2011. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. 2011. The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.

Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. 1999. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. Revised edition. Bernice P. Bishop Museum special publication. University of Hawai‘i Press/Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 1919 pp. (two volumes).

Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. 1988. Flora of New Zealand, Volume IV: Naturalised pteridophytes, gymnosperms, dicotyledons. Botany Division, DSIR, Christchurch. 1365 pp.