(Poir) A.Camus, Poaceae |
|
Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations? no
Other Latin names: Anthistiria villosa Poir.; Themeda gigantea (Cav.) Hack. subsp. villosa (Poir.) Hack.
Common name(s): [more details]
Chinese: jian |
English: Lyon's grass, greater tasselgrass, silky kangaroo grass |
Habit: grass
Description: "Robust perennials; culms tufted, stout, 20-40 dm tall, solid; culm base compressed, flabellate. Sheaths keeled, ± compressed, margins overlapping, glabrous; ligule membranous, ciliate; blades up to 150 cm long, up to 20 mm wide, glabrous, midrib white, prominent, margins and nerves scabrous on upper surface, apex acuminate, base narrowed, to the sheath. Inflorescences large, compound, drooping, paniculate, spathes 3-3.5 cm long, subtending a flattened rachis, apex pubescent, racemes of spikelet pairs at about the middle of the spathe; involucral and pedicellate spikelets reddish brown, similar in shape, narrowly fusiform, acuminate, 15-20 mm long, pedicels rufous pubescent; sessile spikelet with a callus ca. 2 mm long, densely pubescent with rufous hairs, first glume ovate, 10-nerved, the nerves reticulate toward apex, densely rufous pubescent between the nerves, apex acute, first lemma 1-nerved, apex acute; second lemma 1-nerved, hyaline, prolonged into a twisted pubescent awn up to 42 mm long, second palea lanceolate, nerveless, hyaline. Caryopsis reddish brown, fusiform, ca. 5 mm long" (Wagner et al., 1999; pp. 1599, 1601).
Description from GrassBase.
Habitat/ecology: In Hawaii, "naturalized in dry pastures, along roadsides, and other disturbed sites, 0-700 m" (Wagner et al., 1999; p.1601); "forms tall pure stands in pastures and disturbed areas. Awns irritating to humans and animals" (Motooka et al., 2003).
Propagation: Seed
Native range: Southeastern Asia (Wagner et al., 1999; p.1601).
Presence:
Pacific | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Hawaii (Big) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1601) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Kauai Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1601) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Oahu Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1601)
Voucher cited: Lee & Weller 121 (BISH) |
Philippines
Philippine Islands |
Philippine Islands | Hafliger, Ernst/Scholz, Hildemar (1980) (p. 139) |
Pacific Rim | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Australia (continental) | Hafliger, Ernst/Scholz, Hildemar (1980) (p. 139) | |
China
China |
China (People's Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
China
China |
Hong Kong |
native
|
Wu, Te-lin (2001) (p. 349)
In thickets and grassland on hillslopes. |
Indonesia
Indonesia |
Indonesia (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Malaysia
Malaysia |
Malaysia (country of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Singapore
Singapore |
Singapore (Republic of) |
native
|
Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 86)
Common |
Thailand
Thailand |
Thailand (Kingdom of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Vietnam
Vietnam |
Vietnam (Socialist Republic of) | Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 361) |
Comments: A declared noxious weed in Hawaii (GRIN).
Control:
Physical: "Intensive grazing of succulent regrowth also effective" (Motooka et al., 2003).
Chemical: "Sensitive to foliar application of glyphosate; application more effective if the grass is mowed and the regrowth treated" (Motooka et al., 2003).