Terminalia myriocarpa Heurck & Muell. Arg., Combretaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: qian guo lan ren

English: hollock, jhalna

Habit:  tree

Description:  "Trees up to 25 m tall; branches tomentose, sometimes becoming glabrate. Leaves subopposite, chartaceous, oblong-lanceolate to oblong-elliptic, 8-30 (-42) cm long, 2-12 (-15.5) cm wide, upper surface glabrous, lower surface appressed whitish pubescent, apex acuminate, petioles tomentose to glabrate, 0.3-0.7 cm long, usually with 1-2 conspicuous glands at apex. Flowers perfect or unisexual (and the plants polygamous), in large terminal panicles, yellowish tomentose; calyx tube cup-shaped, 0.8 mm long, the teeth 0.5 mm long. Fruit ellipsoid, compressed or obscurely 3-angled, 0.3-0.4 cm long, 0.1-0.15 cm wide, expanded laterally into 2 wings 5-6 mm long, sometimes with a small third wing" (Wagner et al., 1999; pp. 548, 1873).

Habitat/ecology:  In Indonesia, "common in both primary evergreen and in seasonal deciduous forests (e.g. teak forest in Java), up to 800 m" (van Steenis, 1954; vol. 4, pp. 562-563).  In Hawai‘i, over 26,000 trees planted for reforestation, now naturalized at least on Kaua‘i, Maui and Hawai‘i (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 548).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  India, China and Indonesia (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 548).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 548)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaua‘i Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 548)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 548)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Herbarium Pacificum Staff (1998) (p. 9) Voucher cited: C. Imada, W. Char & T. Motley 97-002 (BISH)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
China China	China (People's Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Indonesia Indonesia	Indonesia (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Malaysia Malaysia	Malaysia (country of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Thailand Thailand	Thailand (Kingdom of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Vietnam Vietnam	Vietnam (Socialist Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

Comments:  Introduced as a forestry tree to Hawai‘i, now naturalized.

Control:  If you know of control methods for Terminalia myriocarpa, please let us know.