Terminalia myriocarpa Heurck & Muell. Arg., Combretaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: qian guo lan ren

English: hollock, jhalna

Habit:  tree

Description:  "Trees up to 25 m tall; branches tomentose, sometimes becoming glabrate. Leaves subopposite, chartaceous, oblong-lanceolate to oblong-elliptic, 8-30 (-42) cm long, 2-12 (-15.5) cm wide, upper surface glabrous, lower surface appressed whitish pubescent, apex acuminate, petioles tomentose to glabrate, 0.3-0.7 cm long, usually with 1-2 conspicuous glands at apex. Flowers perfect or unisexual (and the plants polygamous), in large terminal panicles, yellowish tomentose; calyx tube cup-shaped, 0.8 mm long, the teeth 0.5 mm long. Fruit ellipsoid, compressed or obscurely 3-angled, 0.3-0.4 cm long, 0.1-0.15 cm wide, expanded laterally into 2 wings 5-6 mm long, sometimes with a small third wing" (Wagner et al., 1999; pp. 548, 1873).

Habitat/ecology:  In Indonesia, "common in both primary evergreen and in seasonal deciduous forests (e.g. teak forest in Java), up to 800 m" (van Steenis, 1954; vol. 4, pp. 562-563).  In Hawai‘i, over 26,000 trees planted for reforestation, now naturalized at least on Kaua‘i, Maui and Hawai‘i (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 548).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  India, China and Indonesia (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 548).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 548)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaua‘i Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 548)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 548)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Herbarium Pacificum Staff (1998) (p. 9) Voucher cited: C. Imada, W. Char & T. Motley 97-002 (BISH)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
China China	China (People's Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Indonesia Indonesia	Indonesia (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Malaysia Malaysia	Malaysia (country of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Thailand Thailand	Thailand (Kingdom of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Vietnam Vietnam	Vietnam (Socialist Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)

Comments:  Introduced as a forestry tree to Hawai‘i, now naturalized.

Additional information:
Fact sheet from "Common forest trees of Hawaii" (PDF format).

Additional online information about Terminalia myriocarpa is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Terminalia myriocarpa as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Terminalia myriocarpa may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Herbarium Pacificum Staff. 1998. New Hawaiian plant records for 1997. In: Evenhuis, Neal L. and Miller, Scott, E., eds. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 1997. Part 2: Notes. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. 56:8-14.

Little, Elbert L./Skolmen, Roger G. 1989. Common forest trees of Hawaii (native and introduced). USDA Agriculture Handbook 679. Washington, D.C. 377 pp. + plates.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2011. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. 1999. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. Revised edition. Bernice P. Bishop Museum special publication. University of Hawai‘i Press/Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 1919 pp. (two volumes).

Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong. 2011. Flora of China (online resource).

van Steenis, C. G. G. J. et al. 1948. Flora Malesiana, Series I. Noordhoff-Kolff, Djakarta. 1948-1954, 14 volumes.