Terminalia catappa L., Combretaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Threat only at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results:  Low risk (based on second screen), score: 4 (Go to the risk assessment)

Common name(s): [more details]

Carolinian: talisei

Chamorro: talisai, talisai

Chuukese: aas, ahaah, as, asaas, asas, sif

English: beach almond, coastal almond, Fiji almond, Indian almond, Malabar almond, myrobalan, sea almond, tropical almond

Fijian: sivi, tatavola, tavola, tavola lato, tivi, tiviloa

Filipino: talisai

French: badamier

Hawaiian: kamani, kamani haole, kamani ‘ula

I-Kiribati: te kunikun, te tarin

Kapingamarangi: kekapin, kekepin, tikekapin, tikekepin

Kosraean: sarf, shufehf, srifaf, srofaf

Kwara‘ae: alita, alite

Maori (Cook Islands): kauariki, kauariki, kaukauariki, kavariki

Marshallese: kotal, kotel, kotõl, kotôl, kutil

Nauruan: etetah, eteto

Niuean: selie, telie

Palauan: mia, miich, miich mí

Pingelapan: tepop

Pohnpeian: dipwoapw, thipwopu, thipwopw, tipop, uhsass

Rakahanga-Manihiki: kauariki

Samoan: talie, talie

Spanish: almendra, almendro, almendro de la India

Tahitian: auari‘i-roa, autara, autara‘a, autera‘a, taraire

Tongan: telie

Tuamotuan: autara‘a

Tuvaluan: talie, te ipe

Ulithian: kel

Woleaian: gil, gil gul, gul, keel

Yapese: kasas, kel, ker

Habit:  tree

Description:  "Trees 8-25 m tall; branches conspicuously whorled. Leaves dark green, glossy, in pseudowhorls, crowded toward the ends of the branches, broadly obovate, (10-) 20-43 cm long, (6-) 12-21 cm wide, brown puberulent, at least when young, apex acuminate to emarginate, petioles 1-2 cm long. Flowers in 1 to several spikes at the tips of the branches, each spike 10-25 cm long, perfect flowers only at base of spike; perfect flowers with calyx tube distinctly narrowed above ovary, calyx teeth 1-1.5 mm long; staminate flowers apparently on slender pedicels 1.5-2.5 mm long, but actually the receptacle with an aborted ovary. Fruit green, sometimes tinged red, ellipsoid, somewhat compressed, 2-6 cm long, 2-3 cm wide, narrowly winged along lateral margins, mesocarp firm to leathery, fibrous" (Wagner et al., 1999; pp. 547-548).

Habitat/ecology:  In Hawai‘i, "often planted and naturalized in coastal areas" (Wagner et al., 1999; pp. 547-548). Arid lowlands in the Galápagos Islands (McMullen, 1999; p. 52). In Fiji, "locally abundant near sea level lin beach thickets, on rocky shores, and on the edges of mangrove swamps, and occasionally found inland in dry or open forest near streams and in clearings to an elevation of 300 m" (Smith, 1985; pp. 432-433). In New Caledonia, "cet arbre est aujourd'hui souvent planté a Nouméa et dans l'intérieur; il paraît toutefois indigène dans certaines forêts-galaries du Nord-Ouest de la Grande-Terre" (MacKee, 1994; p. 30).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Malesia (Wagner et al., 1999; pp. 547-548).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ofu Island		Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 159)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Olosega Island		Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 159)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island		Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 159)
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Aunu‘u Island		Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 159)
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island		Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 159)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Agrigan (Agrihan) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Agrigan (Agrihan) Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (p. 34) Vouchers cited: Falanruw 2173, Fosberg 31607 (US, BISH)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Alamagan Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Alamagan Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (p. 34) Voucher cited: Fosberg 31743 (US)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Anatahan Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Anatahan Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (p. 34) Voucher cited: Falanruw 1709 (US)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Anatahan Island	native	Ohba, T. (1994) (p. 60) Voucher cited: CBM-BS-59242
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Asuncion Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Asuncion Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (p. 34)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Farallon de Medinilla (Marpi, Medinilla) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Guguan Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Guguan Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (p. 34) Voucher cited: Falanruw 1825 (US)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Guguan Island	native	Ohba, T. (1994) (p. 60) Voucher cited: CBM-BS-58947
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Maug Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Maug Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (p. 34) Voucher cited: Falanruw 2235 (US)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Maug Island	native	Ohba, T. (1994) (p. 60) Voucher cited: CBM-BS-59162
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Pagan Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Pagan Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (p. 34) Vouchers cited: Anderson 533 (US, BISH, Fo, NY, L), Moore 311 (US)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Rota Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Saipan Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Sarigan Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Sarigan Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (p. 34) Vouchers cited: Falanruw 1739 (US, BISH), Falanruw 1740 (US), Evans 2409 (US, BISH, Fo, NY)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Tinian Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Cook Islands Northern Cook Islands	Manihiki Atoll	introduced cultivated	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Northern Cook Islands	Penrhyn (Tongareva) Island	introduced cultivated	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Aitutaki Atoll	introduced cultivated	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	‘Atiu Island	introduced cultivated	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Mangaia Island	introduced cultivated	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Ma‘uke Island	introduced cultivated	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Palmerston (Avarau) Island	introduced cultivated	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Rarotonga Island	introduced cultivated	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Floreana Group	Floreana Island	introduced cultivated	Charles Darwin Research Station (2005)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Isabela Group	Volcan Sierra Negra	introduced cultivated	Charles Darwin Research Station (2005)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Santa Cruz Group	Santa Cruz Island	introduced cultivated	Charles Darwin Research Station (2005)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Dublon (Tonowas) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Etal (Ettan) Atoll	possibly introduced	Merlin, M./Juvik, J. (1996) (p. 37)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Lukunor (Núkúnooch) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Namoluk (Nómwunuuk) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Namoluk (Nómwunuuk) Atoll	possibly introduced	Merlin, M./Juvik, J. (1996) (p. 37)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Namoluk (Nómwunuuk) Atoll		Marshall, Mae/Fosberg, F. R. (1975) (p. 42) Voucher cited: Marshall 67 (US)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Nomwin (Nómwiin) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Pis Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Puluwat (Pwonowót) Atoll	native	Manner, H. I./Mallon, E. (1989) (p. 54) Voucher cited: Manner & Mallon 259 (GUAM)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Puluwat (Pwonowót) Atoll	possibly introduced	Merlin, M./Juvik, J. (1996) (p. 37)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Satawan Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Tol Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Weno (Moen) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Federated States of Micronesia Kosrae Island	Kosrae Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Ant Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Kapingamarangi Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Nukuoro Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pingelap Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		Glassman, S. F. (1952) (p. 63) Voucher cited: Kanehira 1696 (NY)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Eauripik Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Fais Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Fais Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Evans, M. (1969) (p. 10) Voucher cited: Fosberg 46686 (US)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Ifalik (Ifaluk) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Ulithi Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Woleai Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Yap (Waqab) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Fiji Fiji Islands	Koro Island	native	Smith, Albert C. (1985) (pp. 432-433) Voucher cited: Smith 998
Fiji Fiji Islands	Lakemba Island	native	Smith, Albert C. (1985) (pp. 432-433) Voucher cited: Garnock-Jones 762
Fiji Fiji Islands	Mbengga Island	native	Smith, Albert C. (1985) (pp. 432-433) Voucher cited: DA 6074
Fiji Fiji Islands	Moala Island	native	Smith, Albert C. (1985) (pp. 432-433) Voucher cited: Smith 1397
Fiji Fiji Islands	Nggamea Island	native	Smith, Albert C. (1985) (pp. 432-433) Voucher cited: Weiner 71-7-39
Fiji Fiji Islands	Totoya Island	native	Smith, Albert C. (1985) (pp. 432-433) Voucher cited: Tothill 178
Fiji Fiji Islands	Vanua Levu Island	native	Smith, Albert C. (1985) (pp. 432-433) Voucher cited: Degener & Ordonez 14163
Fiji Fiji Islands	Vanua Mbalavu Island	native	Smith, Albert C. (1985) (pp. 432-433) Voucher cited: Garnock-Jones 1025
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island	native	Smith, Albert C. (1985) (pp. 432-433) Vouchers cited: Greenwood 148, DA 18050, DA L. 13690 (Berry 130), DF 1038 (S1418/9), DF 1037(S1418/8), DA L. 13358 (Berry 73 or 77), DA 12776 (Melville et al. 7168), DA 15361, DA 6007, Seemann 187
Fiji Fiji Islands	Yasawas Island	native	Smith, Albert C. (1985) (pp. 432-433) Voucher cited: St. John 18094
French Polynesia Society Islands	Bora Bora Island		Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 30)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Huahine Island		Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 30)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island		Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 30)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Mopelia (Mapetia, Maupiha‘a, Maupihoa, Mopiha‘a) Atoll	introduced cultivated	Sachet, M.-H. (1983) (p. 32) Single tree; voucher cited: Sachet 985 (US)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Raiatea (Havai) Island	native	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 65) Vouchers cited: Moore 205, BRY 26682
French Polynesia Society Islands	Manuae (Scilly) Atoll (Society Islands)		Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 30)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Society Islands	native	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 65)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Taha‘a Island		Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 30)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island		Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 30)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tetiaroa Atoll	probably introduced cultivated	Sachet, M.-H./Fosberg, F. R. (1983) (p. 48) Vouchers cited: Sachet 1669 (US), Sachet 1681 (US)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Manihi Atoll	introduced cultivated	Sachet, M-H. (1983) (p. 31)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Raroia Atoll		Doty, Maxwell S. (1954) (p. 34)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Takapoto Atoll	introduced cultivated	Sachet, M-H. (1983) (p. 31)
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	native cultivated	Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (pp. 439-440) Voucher cited: Stone 4007 (GUAM)
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 547-548)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaua‘i Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 547-548)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 547-548)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Moloka‘i Island	introduced invasive	Oppenheimer, Hank L. (2003) (p. 9) Voucher cited: Oppenheimer H110145 (BISH, PTBG)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 547-548)
Japan (offshore islands) Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands	Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands	native	Toyoda, Takeshi (2003) (p. 259)
Japan (offshore islands) Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands	Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands		Kato, Hidetoshi (2007)
Kiribati Banaba Island	Banaba (Ocean) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Kiribati Line Islands	Kiritimati (Christmas) Atoll	introduced cultivated	Wester, Lyndon (1985) (p. 27)
Kiribati Line Islands	Tabuaeran (Fanning) Atoll	introduced cultivated	Wester, Lyndon (1985) (p. 27)
Kiribati Line Islands	Teraina (Washington) Island	introduced cultivated	Wester, Lyndon (1985) (p. 27)
Kiribati Phoenix Islands	Kanton Island	introduced	Luomala, Katharine (1951) (p. 173) Voucher cited: Luomala 2
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Nonouti Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Tarawa Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Jaluit (Jãlwõj) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Jaluit (Jãlwõj) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. Raymond (1990) (p. 36)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Jaluit (Jãlwõj) Atoll	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1962) (p. 28) Voucher cited: Fosberg 26763 (US)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kili (Kõle) Atoll	probably native	Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2006) (p. 7) "Uncommon; downtown, near dump and along beaches; Hatheway reported only one immature tree, recommended as food crop; drift seeds may have been local or distant origin as seeds can spread widely through drift".
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll	native cultivated	Whistler, W. A./Steele, O. (1999) (p. 99)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. Raymond (1990) (p. 36)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll	introduced cultivated	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (p. 16)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Arno Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Arno Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. Raymond (1990) (p. 36)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Arno Atoll		Anderson, Donald (1951) (p. vi) Voucher cited: Anderson 3710
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Arno Atoll	native cultivated	Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2007) (p. 7) "Uncommon; along some beaches, possibly planted around some residences for food".
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Likiep Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Likiep Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. Raymond (1990) (p. 36)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Likiep Atoll	introduced cultivated	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (p. 16) Voucher cited: Fosberg 27019 (US)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll	introduced cultivated abo. intro.	Vander Velde, Nancy (2003) (p. 83)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Maloelap Atoll		Vander Velde, Nancy (year unknown)
Nauru Nauru Island	Nauru Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Nauru Nauru Island	Nauru Island	native	Thaman, R. R./Fosberg, F. R./Manner, H. I./Hassall, D. C. (1994) (p. 116) Vouchers cited: Fosberg 58662 (US), Thaman & Manner 116 (SUVA)
New Caledonia New Caledonia	New Caledonia Islands	native	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 145) Voucher cited: MacKee 17555
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre	native cultivated	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 30) Indigenous but also cultivated. Vouchers cited: Däniker 2384 (Z), MacKee 5391, MacKee 17555, MacKee 21321, MacKee 21665, MacKee 22587, MacKee 40386
Niue Niue	Niue Island	native	Sykes, W. R. (1970) (p. 60) Voucher cited: CHR 169745, CHR 169746, CHR 169749
Niue Niue	Niue Island	native	Whistler, W. A./Atherton, J. (1997) (p. 29) Voucher cited: Whistler 10870
Niue Niue	Niue Island	native	Yuncker, T. G. (1943) (p. 89) Vouchers cited: Yuncker 9709 (BISH), Yuncker 9836 (BISH) "Frequent in thickets and on cliffs near the sea".
Palau Hatohobei Group	Tobi Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Angaur Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Babeldaob Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Koror Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Ngerkebesang Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Urukthapel Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Palau Rock Islands	Ngeanges Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Palau Sonsorol Group	Sonsorol Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 185)
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands	Pitcairn Island	native	St. John, H. (1987) (p. 44) Vouchers cited: Ross 14, St. John 15033, Fosberg 11256
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands	native	Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. (1988) (p. 113)
Tonga Ha‘apai Group	Ha‘apai Islands	native	Whistler, W. A. (1992) (pp. 14-15) Voucher cited: Yuncker 15752
Tonga Ha‘apai Group	Lifuka Island		Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 198) Voucher cited: Yuncker 15752
Tonga Tonga Islands	Tonga Islands		Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 198) "Frequent throughout Tonga"
Tonga Tongatapu Group	‘Eua Island	native	Whistler, W. A. (1992) (pp. 14-15) Vouchers cited: Parks 16333, Yuncker 15506, Hotta 5220, Sykes 593, Martin 25, Whistler 7105, Whistler 7108, Whistler 7161, Whistler 7365, Whistler 7454
Tonga Tongatapu Group	‘Eua Island		Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 198) Voucher cited: Yuncker 15506
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island	native	Whistler, W. A. (1992) (pp. 14-15) Vouchers cited: USEE (n.s.), Setchell & Parks 15573, Hurlimann 23, Hurlimann 69, Hurlimann 122, Yuncker 15246, Yuncker 15286, Hotta 4299, Weiner T18
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island		Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 198) Vouchers cited: Yuncker 15246, Yuncker 15286
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Late Island	native	Sykes, W. R. (1981) (p. 348)
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Late Island	native	Whistler, W. A. (1992) (pp. 14-15) Voucher cited: Buelow & Sykes 249
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Niuafo‘ou Island	native	Whistler, W. A. (1992) (pp. 14-15) Vouchers cited: Buelow 2083, Whistler 6401
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Niuatoputapu Island	native	Whistler, W. A. (1992) (pp. 14-15) Vouchers cited: Horlimann 343, Buelow 1438, Kirch 343, Kirch 335
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Niuatoputapu Island		Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 198) Voucher cited: Hürlimann 385
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Tafahi Island	native	Whistler, W. A. (1992) (pp. 14-15) Voucher cited: Hurlimann 601
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Tafahi Island		Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 198) Voucher cited: Hürlimann 501
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Vava‘u Island	native	Whistler, W. A. (1992) (pp. 14-15) Voucher cited: (Whistler)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Johnston Atoll	Johnston Island	introduced cultivated	Amerson, A. Binion, Jr./Shelton, Philip C. (1976) (p. 58)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Palmyra Atoll	Palmyra Atoll	introduced cultivated	Wester, Lyndon (1985) (p. 27)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Wake Islands	Wake Island	introduced cultivated	Fosberg, F. R. (1959) (p. 16)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Wake Islands	Wake Island	introduced cultivated	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1969) (p. 12)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Cambodia Cambodia	Cambodia (Kingdom of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
China China	China (People's Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Costa Rica Costa Rica	Costa Rica (Republic of)		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 360)
Honduras Honduras	Honduras (Republic of)		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 360)
Indonesia Indonesia	Indonesia (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Malaysia Malaysia	Malaysia (country of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Panama Panama	Panama (Republic of)		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 360)
Taiwan Taiwan	Taiwan Island	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Vietnam Vietnam	Vietnam (Socialist Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)

Indian Ocean
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands) Christmas Island Group	Christmas Island	native	Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1993) (p. 37)
Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands) Cocos (Keeling) Islands	Cocos (Keeling) Islands	native	Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1993) (p. 37)
British Indian Ocean Territory Chagos Archipelago	Diego Garcia Island	cultivated	Topp, J. M. W. (1988) (p. 7)
British Indian Ocean Territory Chagos Archipelago	Diego Garcia Island		Stoddart, D. R./Taylor, J. D., eds. (1971) (p. 155) Vouchers cited: Bourne 32 (K), Stoddart 830 (K)

Comments:  Reported as possibly an invasive plant in the Galápagos Islands per Charles Darwin Research Station. Native in the eastern Pacific region.

Additional information:  Fact sheet from "Common forest trees of Hawaii" (PDF format).
Information from the World Agroforestry Centre's AgroForestryTree Database.

Additional online information about Terminalia catappa is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Taxonomic information about Terminalia catappa may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

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