Soliva sessilis Ruiz & Pav., Asteraceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Other Latin names:  Gymnostyles pterosperma Juss.; Soliva pterosperma (Juss.) Less.

Common name(s): [more details]

English: bindi weed, bindyi, field burweed, field soliva, jo-jo, jojoweed, lawn burweed, lawnweed, Onehunga-weed

Habit:  herb

Description:  "Prostrate annual, forming patches up to c. 40 cm in diameter. Stems sparsely to densely clothed in long hairs, especially toward tips, rooting at nodes. Basal and lower cauline leaves petiolate, sheathing at base, sparsely to moderately hairy, 2-3-pinnatisect, up to 5 x 1.5 cm; primary divisions in 2-5 pairs; ultimate segments narrow-elliptic to subulate, not all in one plane giving a somewhat feathery appearance to the leaf. Cauline leaves similar to basal but smaller, mostly 15 x 5-8 mm. Involucral bracts in 1-2 rows, hairy, acute to apiculate, 3-6 mm long. Capitula inconspicuous at flowering, usually scattered along stems, 4-10 mm in diameter at fruiting, with (3)-5-20-(27) mature achenes and central florets usually functionally ♂. Achenes glabrous or with short hairs on both surfaces and sometimes on wings, (2.5)-3-6 x 1.3-4.5 mm (including spine), with low central rib on outer face; lateral angles not winged or with narrow to broad thin wings; wings entire or shallowly to deeply 2-lobed, rounded at apex or extended into narrow projections; spine 1.3-2.5 mm long"  (Webb et al., 1988; p. 173).

Habitat/ecology:  In New Zealand, "lawns, playing fields and golf courses, pastures, and stony waste places"  (Webb et al., 1988; p. 173).

Propagation:  Seed.  "A troublesome weed, particularly when it occurs in lawns and greens, because the sharp achene spines catch in clothing and footwear and may puncture the skin"  (Webb et al., 1988; p. 173).

Native range:  Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay; naturalized elsewhere (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island)	introduced invasive	Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John (2011)
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island)	introduced invasive cultivated	Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido (2006) (pp. 499, 545, 557) Voucher cited: Danton I(5/261)1607. "En RC, ya se encuentra en varios lugares del territorio de la Ilustre Municipalidad de Juan Fernández. Es una especie que no teme el pisoteo, que se instala rápidamente y de la cual su extensión está unida directamente con los trayectos del ganado y de los caballos".
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R. (1995) (pp. 16-17) Voucher cited: Cuddihy & Tunison 1891 (BISH, US)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	New South Wales	introduced invasive	National Herbarium of New South Wales (2011) "Weed of lawns etc."
Australia Australia (continental)	Queensland	introduced invasive	National Herbarium of New South Wales (2011) "Weed of lawns etc."
Canada Province of British Columbia	Canada (British Columbia)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2011)
Chile (continental) Chile	Chile (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Japan Japan	Japan (country)	introduced	Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro (2004) (p. 190)
New Zealand New Zealand	New Zealand (country)	introduced invasive	Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 173)
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (Oregon)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2011)
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (California)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2011)
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (Washington)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2011)

Also reported from
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	United States (other states)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2011)
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	USA (Florida)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2011)

Additional information:
Fact sheet from University of California IPM Online.
Fact sheet from the Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board.

Additional online information about Soliva sessilis is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Soliva sessilis as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Soliva sessilis may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John. 2011. Naturalized species in the Juan Fernández Archipelago, Chile. Unpublished spreadsheet.

Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido. 2006. Nouveau catalogue de la flore vaculaire de l'archipel Juan Fernández (Chile) [Nuevo catálogo de la flora vacular del Archipélago Juan Fernández (Chile)]. Acta Bot. Gallica 153(4):399-587.

Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro. 2004. Invasive alien species in Japan: the status quo and the new regulation for prevention of their adverse effects. Global Environmental Research 8(2)/2004: 171-191.

National Herbarium of New South Wales. 2011. PlantNet: New South Wales Flora online. The Plant Information Network System of the Botanic Gardens Trust Version 2.0. Online resource.

U. S. Government. 2011. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) (on-line resource).

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2011. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. 2011. The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.

Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R. 1995. Contributions to the Flora of Hawai‘i. IV. New Records and name changes. In: Evenhuis, Neal L. and Miller, Scott, E., eds. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 1994. Part 2: Notes. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. 42:13-27.

Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. 1988. Flora of New Zealand, Volume IV: Naturalised pteridophytes, gymnosperms, dicotyledons. Botany Division, DSIR, Christchurch. 1365 pp.