Sinapis arvensis L., Brassicaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Common name(s): [more details]

English: charlock, charlock mustard, corn mustard, field kale, field mustard, kedlock, wild mustard

French: jotte, moutarde des champs, sénevé

Spanish: florecilla, jaramago, lentejilla, mostaza de los campos, mostaza silvestre

Habit:  herb

Description:  "Annual taprooted herb. Stems erect, branching, bearing stiff reflexed hairs especially near base or sometimes glabrous, 50-70 cm tall. Leaves glabrous or with sparse coarse hairs, toothed. Lower leaves lyrate-pinnatifid to lyrate-pinnate, 8-20 x 3-10 cm; terminal leaflet ovate, elliptic or oblong, not lobed, wider than rest of lf; lateral leaflets alternate, ovate to triangular, in (0)-1-3 pairs, the proximal ones sometimes entire. Upper leaves smaller, sessile, not lobed, ovate to oblong to linear. Racemes erect, to 40 cm long, glabrous or with sparse reflexed hairs. Pedicels erect or erecto-patent at fruiting, 3-6-(25) mm long. Sepals ovate to obovate, glabrous, 4-7 x 1.5-3 mm. Petals 4-9 x 1.5-4 mm. Silique 8-20-seeded, constricted or not between the seeds, glabrous or hairy, 25-40 x 1.5-3 mm; beak conic or somewhat flattened, 0-1-seeded, < or = valves"  (Webb et al., 1998; p. 444)

Habitat/ecology:  In Hawai‘i, collected once in a weedy field on Moloka‘i (Herbaricum Pacificum Staff, 1998; p. 9).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  "Widely naturalized, probably native only in Mediterranean region" (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Moloka‘i Island	introduced invasive	Herbarium Pacificum Staff (1998) (p. 9) Voucher cited: O. & I. Degener 35830 (BISH), O. & I. Degener 35833 (BISH)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	Australia (continental)		Hafliger, Toni J./Wolf, Matthias (1988) (p. 198)
China China	China (People's Republic of)	introduced invasive	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2011) "Roadsides, waste places, fields, pastures; 400-1800 m".
Colombia Colombia	Colombia (Republic of)		Hafliger, Toni J./Wolf, Matthias (1988) (p. 198)
Guatemala Guatemala	Guatemala (Republic of)		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 338)
Indonesia Indonesia	Indonesia (Republic of)		Hafliger, Toni J./Wolf, Matthias (1988) (p. 198)
Japan Japan	Japan (country)	introduced	Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro (2004) (p. 183) var. arvensis, var. orientalis Koch et Ziz. and var. svhkuhiana L. C. Wheela
Mexico Mexico	Mexico (United Mexican States)		Hafliger, Toni J./Wolf, Matthias (1988) (p. 198)
New Zealand New Zealand	New Zealand (country)	introduced invasive	Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 444) "Waste places and as a weed of agriculture".

Additional information:
Additional online information about Sinapis arvensis is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Sinapis arvensis as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Sinapis arvensis may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Hafliger, Toni J./Wolf, Matthias. 1988. Dicot weeds, vol. 1. CIBA-GEIGY Ltd., Basle, Switzerland. 335 pp.

Herbarium Pacificum Staff. 1998. New Hawaiian plant records for 1997. In: Evenhuis, Neal L. and Miller, Scott, E., eds. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 1997. Part 2: Notes. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. 56:8-14.

Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 391 pp.

Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro. 2004. Invasive alien species in Japan: the status quo and the new regulation for prevention of their adverse effects. Global Environmental Research 8(2)/2004: 171-191.

U. S. Government. 2011. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) (on-line resource).

Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. 1988. Flora of New Zealand, Volume IV: Naturalised pteridophytes, gymnosperms, dicotyledons. Botany Division, DSIR, Christchurch. 1365 pp.

Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong. 2011. Flora of China (online resource).