Sida spinosa L., Malvaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results:  Reject, score: 9 (Go to the risk assessment).

Common name(s): [more details]

English: prickly fanpetals, prickly sida, prickly-mallow, spiny sida

Spanish: popotalagua, quesillo

Habit:  herb

Description:  "Erect annual or perennial herbs 0.5-0.8 m tall, copiously but minutely stellate puberulent, eventually glabrate. Leaf blades linear to narrowly oblong or ovate, 1-5 cm long, margins serrate to crenate, base obtuse to truncate, petioles usually " or less the length of blades, stipules filiform, 2-5 mm long, each subtended by a short tubercle. Flowers solitary or in clusters, often somewhat corymbose toward the ends of the branches, pedicels slender, 0.2-2.5 cm long; calyx strongly 10-ribbed, 4-7 mm long; petals pale yellow to yellowish orange, 5-6- (-7) mm long; staminal column included. Mericarps 5, 3-4 mm long, grading apically into 2 antrorsely pubescent awns 0.5-1.5 mm long, lower dorsal and lateral walls strongly reticulate, apical surfaces smooth, puberulent. Seeds ca. 1.5 mm long, glabrous or with a few hairs around the hilum" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 899).

Habitat/ecology:  "Thrives in hot, dry regions at lower elevations. A weed in pastures, cultivated areas, and wastelands" (Haselwood & Motter, 1983; p. 264).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Tropical America.

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Alamagan Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 165)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Alamagan Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (p. 33) Voucher cited: Fosberg 31720 (US)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 165)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	introduced invasive	Herrera, Katherine/Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy/Balick, Michael J. (2010) (p. 109) Naturalized
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 246-247)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Voucher cited: J. Florence 4151 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced invasive	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 178) Vouchers cited: Setchell & Parks 37, Florence 4706, Florence 4465
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 246-247)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Vouchers cited: J. Florence 2264 (PAP), J. Florence 2384 (PAP), J. Florence 4031 (PAP), J. Florence 4031b (PAP), J. Florence 4465 (PAP), J. Florence 4706 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Rangiroa (Rairoa) Atoll	introduced invasive	Florence, J. (2004) (pp. 246-247)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Rangiroa (Rairoa) Atoll	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Adventice
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 899)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaua‘i Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Flynn, Tim (1997) (pp. 10-11) Vouchers cited: Flynn 1047 (PTBG), Flynn & Fosberg 3296 (PTBG), Flynn 5927 (PTBG)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Lāna‘i Island	introduced invasive	Staples, George W./Imada, Clyde T./Herbst, Derral R. (2002) (pp. 12-13) Voucher cited: R. Hobdy 2577 (BISH)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive	Oppenheimer, Hank L./Meidell, J. Scott/Bartlett, R. T. (1999) (pp. 8-9) West Maui. Vouchers cited: Oppenheimer H79809 (BISH), Oppenheimer H89804 (BISH)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Moloka‘i Island	introduced invasive	Oppenheimer, Hank (2007) (p. 26) Voucher cited: Oppenheimer, Tangalin & Perlman H50640 (BISH, PTBG), Oppenheimer H80612 (BISH), Oppenheimer H120628 (BISH, PTBG)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 899)
Nauru Nauru Island	Nauru Island	introduced invasive	Thaman, R. R./Fosberg, F. R./Manner, H. I./Hassall, D. C. (1994) (p. 168) var. angustifolia (Lam.) Griseb.
New Caledonia New Caledonia	New Caledonia Islands		Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 96)
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre	introduced invasive	Tassin, Jacques (2005)
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre	introduced	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 99) Vouchers cited: MacKee 22100, MacKee 25027, MacKee 36635, MacKee 43059
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Angaur (Ngeaur) Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 165)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Koror (Oreor) Island		Wagner, W. L./ Herbst, D. R./Weitzman, A./Lorence, D.H. (2013)
Tonga Tonga Islands	Tonga Islands	introduced invasive	Smith, Albert C. (1981) (p. 436)
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island	introduced	Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 182) Cited: U.S. Expl. Exped.

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	Australia (continental)		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 336)
Japan Japan	Japan	introduced	Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro (2004) (p. 186)
Mexico Mexico	Mexico (United Mexican States)		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 336)
South America (Pacific rim) South America (Pacific rim)	Chile (Republic of)		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 336)
South America (Pacific rim) South America (Pacific rim)	Perú (Republic of)		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 336)

Indian Ocean
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
British Indian Ocean Territory Chagos Archipelago	Diego Garcia Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1995) (voucher ID: PTBG 38083) Taxon name on voucher: Sida spinosa L.

Control:  If you know of control methods for Sida spinosa, please let us know.