(L.) Hiern, Brassicaceae |
Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations? no
Common name(s): [more details]
Chinese: han cai |
English: India fieldcress, variableleaf yellowcress, yellow cress |
Fijian: sewathi |
French: rorippa d'Inde |
Spanish: berro de chanco |
Habit: herb
Description: Perennial herb with short rhizomes. Stem erect or sometimes ascending, usually branching below, angled. Basal and lower leaves petiolate, elliptical to lanceolate-oblong, lyrate-pinnatifid or irregularly dentate-serrate, up to 15 cm long and 4 cm wide; upper leaves shortly petiolate or sessile, lanceolate, irregularly dentate, acute, base sometimes auriculate. Inflorescence an ebracteate corymb, elongating later. Flowers approximately 3-5 mm in diameter, bright yellow; pedicel 2-3 mm long, perianth double, segments free; sepals 2-3 mm long, elliptical-oblong, ± spreading; petals 3-4 mm long, usually longer than sepals, bright yellow, spatulate; stamens 6, carpels 2, united; ovary cylindrical, style short and thickened, stigma capitate, 0.5-1 mm long. Fruit a siliqua (10-) 15-25 cm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, narrowly linear, slightly curved; style thick and short, many-seeded; fruiting pedicel 2-8 mm long, slender. Seeds 0.6-0.7 mm long, ± cordate, ovate or oblong, yellowish-brown, granular, flattened (adapted from Hafliger & Wolf, 1988; p. 193).
"Herbs annual, (6-)20-60(-75) cm tall, glabrous or
rarely sparsely pubescent. Stems often branched basally and apically.
Basal leaves withered by flowering. Lower and middle cauline leaves
auriculate or not; petiole absent or 1-4 cm; leaf blade lyrate-pinnatipartite or
undivided, obovate, oblong, or lanceolate, (2.5-)3.5-12(-16) x (0.8-)1.5-4(-5)
cm, margin entire, irregularly crenate, or serrate, apex obtuse or subacute;
terminal lobe oblong, elliptic, or oblong-lanceolate, to 10 x 5 cm; lateral
lobes absent or 1-5(or 6) on each side of midvein. Uppermost leaves usually
sessile, auriculate or not; leaf blade lanceolate or oblong, margin entire,
denticulate, or serrulate, apex acute or acuminate. Racemes ebracteate.
Fruiting pedicels slender, ascending, divaricate, or rarely slightly reflexed,
straight, (2-)3-10(-15) mm. Sepals often green or pinkish, ascending,
oblong-ovate, 2-3 x 0.8-1.5 mm, margin membranous. Petals yellow, obovate or
spatulate, (2.5-)3-4(-4.5) x 1-1.5 mm, rarely absent. Filaments 1.5-3 mm;
anthers oblong, 0.5-0.8 mm. Ovules (60-)70-110 per ovary. Fruit linear,
(0.7-)1-2.4(-3) cm x 1-1.5(-2) mm, often curved upward; valves thin papery, not
veined; style (0.5-)1-1.5(-2) mm, slender, narrower than fruit. Seeds
reddish brown, ovate or ovate-orbicular, 0.5-0.9 x 0.4-0.6 mm, foveolate,
biseriate or nearly so" (Flora of China online).
Habitat/ecology: In Fiji, "an occasional weed in waste places from near sea level to about 400 m" (Smith, 1981; p. 711).
Propagation: Seed
Native range: Indian subcontinent and eastern Asia (GRIN).
Presence:
Control: If you know of control methods for Rorippa indica, please let us know.
Pacific
Country/Terr./St. &
Island group
Location
Cited status &
Cited as invasive &
Cited as cultivated &
Cited as aboriginal introduction?
Reference &
Comments
Fiji
Fiji Islands
Vanua Levu Island
introduced
invasive
Smith, Albert C. (1981) (p. 711)
Var. apetala (L.) Hochr., voucher cited: DA 3495
Fiji
Fiji Islands
Viti Levu Island
introduced
invasive
Smith, Albert C. (1981) (p. 711)
Var. apetala (L.) Hochr., vouchers cited: DA 2459, DA 7420
Philippines
Philippine Islands
Philippine Islands
Hafliger, Toni J./Wolf, Matthias (1988) (p. 193)
Philippines
Philippine Islands
Philippine Islands
probably introduced
invasive
Merrill, Elmer D. (1923) (p. 208)
In and about towns along drains, ditches, etc., waste places, along streams, etc, in the more or less settled areas.
Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. &
Island group
Location
Cited status &
Cited as invasive &
Cited as cultivated &
Cited as aboriginal introduction?
Reference &
Comments
China
China
China (People's Republic of)
native
Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
"Roadsides, field margins, gardens, river banks; near sea level to 3200 m".
China
China
Hong Kong
native
Wu, Te-lin (2001) (pp. 111-112)
Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia (Republic of)
Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 246)
Japan
Japan
Japan
native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Taiwan
Taiwan Island
Taiwan Island
native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)