Rapistrum rugosum (L.) All., Brassicaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results:  Evaluate, score: 5 (Go to the risk assessment).

Common name(s): [more details]

English: bastard cabbage, turnipweed, wild rape, wrinkled gold-of-pleasure

French: lassène, rapistre rugueux

Spanish: citró, jaramago, ravenissa groga, tamarillas

Habit:  herb

Description:  "Annual herb. Stems weakly ribbed, bearing slightly deflexed short tapered hairs, but ± glabrous above, and below with age, (10)-20-60- (80) cm tall. Leaves serrate to dentate, petiolate, hairy with short tapered hairs. Lower leaves pinnate to pinnatifid or rarely not lobed, (2)-8-20 x (1)-2-7 cm, with a large ovate-oblong terminal lobe and (0)-1-4 pairs of oblong lateral lobes. Upper leaves ovate to linear, 2-5 x 0.5-1.5 cm. Racemes glabrous or hairy, 10-30-(40) cm long. Pedicels erect, 2-4 mm long. Sepals narrow-lanceolate. Petals pale yellow with darker veins, 6-10 mm long; limb elliptic. Silicle erect, hairy or glabrous, weakly to strongly ribbed and rugose; lower segment cylindric or barrel-shaped, 2-3-(5) mm long; upper segment ovoid to turbinate, 2-4 x 2-4-(5) mm, tapering ± abruptly above; style 2-3 mm long. Upper seed c. 2 mm long, lower c. 1 mm long"  (Webb et al., 1988; p. 440).

Habitat/ecology:  (no habitat/ecology info known by PIER)

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Macaronesia, northern Africa, Europe, western and central Asia; widely naturalized elsewhere (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia (Pacific offshore islands) Norfolk Islands	Norfolk Island	introduced invasive	Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1994) (p. 8) "An occasional weed". Voucher cited: G. Uhe 1207 (K)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaua‘i Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy W./Wagner, Warren L. (1995) (p. 27) Voucher cited: T. Flynn & D.Lorence 2182 (BISH, PTBG, US)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	Australia (continental)		Hafliger, Toni J./Wolf, Matthias (1988) (p. 192)
Chile (continental) Chile	Chile (Republic of)		Hafliger, Toni J./Wolf, Matthias (1988) (p. 192)
Japan Japan	Japan (country)	introduced	Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro (2004) (p. 183)
New Zealand New Zealand	New Zealand (country)	introduced invasive	Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 440) "Coastal, waste land, railway ballast, gardens".

Additional information:
Fact sheet from the Plant Conservation Alliance's Alien Species Working Group

Additional online information about Rapistrum rugosum is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Rapistrum rugosum as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Rapistrum rugosum may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Hafliger, Toni J./Wolf, Matthias. 1988. Dicot weeds, vol. 1. CIBA-GEIGY Ltd., Basle, Switzerland. 335 pp.

Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy W./Wagner, Warren L. 1995. Contributions to the flora of Hawai‘i. III. New additions, range extensions, and rediscoveries of flowering plants. In: Evenhuis, Neal L. and Miller, Scott, E., eds. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 1994. Part 1: Articles. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. 41:19-58.

Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro. 2004. Invasive alien species in Japan: the status quo and the new regulation for prevention of their adverse effects. Global Environmental Research 8(2)/2004: 171-191.

Orchard, Anthony E., ed. 1994. Flora of Australia. Vol. 49, Oceanic islands 1. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.

U. S. Government. 2011. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) (on-line resource).

Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. 1988. Flora of New Zealand, Volume IV: Naturalised pteridophytes, gymnosperms, dicotyledons. Botany Division, DSIR, Christchurch. 1365 pp.