Raphanus raphanistrum L., Brassicaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Common name(s): [more details]

English: jointed charlock, jointed radish, pointer charlock, runch, white charlock, wild radish

French: radis ravenelle, raifort sauvage, ravenelle, ravenelle sauvage

Japanese: hamadaikon

Spanish: citró, erviana, flor de nabo, jaramado, jaramago blanco, lobrastos, mostaza, nabo cimarron, rabancá, rabanilla, rabanillo blanco, rabaniza, rábano, rábano morado, rábano silvestre, ravenissa, taramao

Habit:  herb

Description:  "Annual to perennial. Taproot swollen or slender. Stems usually green, (10)-20-80-(100) cm tall. Rosette and lower stem leaves lyrate-pinnate; terminal leaflet 3-6-(10) x 3-6-(10) cm, as wide or narrower than rest of leaf; lateral leaflets in 1-8 pairs. Stem leaves simple or with 1 pair of basal lobes, orbicular to lanceolate, 1-6 cm long. Racemes 15-40-(60) cm long. Pedicels 1-2 cm long, stout at fruiting. Sepals 6-9 x 1-2 mm. Petals yellow, white, brownish, pink, or mauve, usually mauve-veined, 13-20 mm long. Silique (1)-2-8-seeded, cylindric, constricted between seeds, breaking into segments when ripe, weakly to strongly ribbed, tapering at apex, (10)-20-60-(80) x (2)-3-8-(9) mm. Seeds 1.5-3 mm long"  (Webb et al., 1988; p. 438).

Subsp. maritimus:  Silique (4)-6-8 mm wide; constrictions short; segments spherical or wider than long; apical portion rarely > 2x length of top segment
Subsp. raphanistrum:  Silique (2)-3-4-(5) mm wide; constrictions long; segments longer than wide; apical portion (2)-3-4x length of top segment. (Webb et al., 1988; p. 438).

Habitat/ecology:  (no habitat/ecology info known by PIER)

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Macaronesia, northern Africa, Europe, western and central Asia; widely naturalized elsewhere (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 83)
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	introduced	Andrews, S. B. (1990) (p. 22)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive	Staples, George W./Imada, Clyde T./Herbst, Derral R. (2003) (p. 10) Vouchers cited: H. Vollrath s.n. (BISH 43292), D. Herbst 5823 (BISH), D. Herbst 9790 (BISH), T. Herat, R. Herat & P. Higashino 805 (BISH)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaua‘i Island	introduced invasive	Staples, George W./Imada, Clyde T./Herbst, Derral R. (2003) (p. 9) Vouchers cited: W. L. Wagner et al. 5371 (BISH), W. L. Wagner et al. 5372 (BISH), T. Flynn &ammp; L. Hume 1650 (BISH)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive	Staples, George W./Imada, Clyde T./Herbst, Derral R. (2003) (p. 10) Voucher cited: O. Degener 35834 (BISH)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Moloka‘i Island	introduced invasive	Staples, George W./Imada, Clyde T./Herbst, Derral R. (2003) (p. 9) Voucher cited: N.L.H. Krauss s.n. (BISH 43318)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced invasive	Staples, George W./Imada, Clyde T./Herbst, Derral R. (2003) (p. 9) Voucher cited: N. Forbes 2286.O (BISH)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	Australia (continental)		Hafliger, Toni J./Wolf, Matthias (1988) (p. 188)
Chile (continental) Chile	Chile (Republic of)		Hafliger, Toni J./Wolf, Matthias (1988) (p. 188)
China China	China (People's Republic of)		Hafliger, Toni J./Wolf, Matthias (1988) (p. 188)
Colombia Colombia	Colombia (Republic of)		Hafliger, Toni J./Wolf, Matthias (1988) (p. 190)
Honduras Honduras	Honduras (Republic of)		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 304)
Indonesia Indonesia	Indonesia (Republic of)		Hafliger, Toni J./Wolf, Matthias (1988) (p. 188)
Japan Japan	Japan (country)		Hafliger, Toni J./Wolf, Matthias (1988) (p. 190)
Mexico Mexico	Mexico (United Mexican States)		Hafliger, Toni J./Wolf, Matthias (1988) (p. 188)
New Zealand New Zealand	New Zealand (country)	introduced invasive	Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 438) Subsp. raphanistrum, "waste land, roadsides, disturbed soil"; subsp. maritimus (Smith) Thell., "coastal and on roadsides, waste land"
Perú Perú	Perú (Republic of)		Hafliger, Toni J./Wolf, Matthias (1988) (p. 190)

Additional information:
Information from University of Florida Agricultural Extension

Additional online information about Raphanus raphanistrum is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Raphanus raphanistrum as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Raphanus raphanistrum may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Andrews, S. B. 1990. Ferns of Queensland. Queensland Dept. of Primary Ind., Brisbane.

Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce. 1979. A geographical checklist of the Micronesian dicotyledonae. Micronesica 15:1-295.

Hafliger, Toni J./Wolf, Matthias. 1988. Dicot weeds, vol. 1. CIBA-GEIGY Ltd., Basle, Switzerland. 335 pp.

Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 391 pp.

Staples, George W./Imada, Clyde T./Herbst, Derral R. 2003. New Hawaiian plant records for 2001. In: Evenhuis, Neal L. and Eldredge, Lucius G., eds. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2001-2002. Part 2: Notes. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. 74:7-21.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2009. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. 1988. Flora of New Zealand, Volume IV: Naturalised pteridophytes, gymnosperms, dicotyledons. Botany Division, DSIR, Christchurch. 1365 pp.