Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, Pinaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  yes

Risk assessment results:  Evaluate, score: 5.5 (Go to the risk assessment)

Other Latin names:  Pseudotsuga taxifolia Britton

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: hua qi song

English: Douglas-fir, Oregon pine

French: Douglas taxifolié, sapin de Douglas

Japanese: Amerika dogasawara, bei matsu, dagurasu faa, dagurasu momi, Oregon matsu, Oregon pain

Spanish: pino Oregon

Habit:  tree

Description:  "Trees to 100 m tall; trunk to 4 m d.b.h. in native range; bark dark gray-brown or blackish green, smooth, with resin blisters, aging rough and scaly with deep longitudinal fissures; branchlets initially light yellow, becoming red-brown when dry, slightly pubescent. Leaves dark green adaxially, linear, 1.5-3 cm x 1-2 mm, stomatal bands 2, abaxial, white, apex obtuse or acuminate. Seed cones brown, glossy, ellipsoid-ovoid, ca. 8 x 3.5-4 cm. Seed scales ± rhombic, 2-2.5 x 2-2.5 cm, as long as or longer than wide. Bracts exserted, longer than seed scales, cusp straight or reflexed, 6-10 mm, tapering at apex, lateral lobes wide and short, denticulate at margin"  (Flora of China online).

Habitat/ecology:  In New Zealand, "naturalised abundantly, sometimes forming an understorey in areas adjacent to plantations, and often regenerating on banks and paths around and downwind of cultivation sites"  (Webb et al., 1988; 60).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Western Canada, western United States, northern Mexico; cultivated elsewhere (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island		Bishop Museum (U.S.A. Hawaii. Honolulu.) (1980) (voucher ID: BISH 655800) Taxon name on voucher: Pseudotsuga menziesii

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Canada Province of British Columbia	Canada (British Columbia)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Canada Canada	Canada (country)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2011) Alberta
China China	China (People's Republic of)	introduced cultivated	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2011)
Mexico Mexico	Mexico (United Mexican States)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
New Zealand New Zealand	New Zealand (country)	introduced invasive cultivated	Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 60)
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (Oregon)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (California)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (Washington)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)

Also reported from
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	United States (other states)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)

Additional information:
Information from the USDA Forest Service Fire Effects Information System.
Fact sheet from the USDA Forest Service Silvics Manual.
Fact sheet from Virginia Tech (PDF).

Additional online information about Pseudotsuga menziesii is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Pseudotsuga menziesii as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Pseudotsuga menziesii may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Bishop Museum (U.S.A. Hawaii. Honolulu.). 1980. Voucher specimen #BISH655800(Cuddihy, L.W. 500).

Porcher, Michel H. 2011. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database. The University of Melbourne, Australia. Online resource.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2011. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. 2011. The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.

Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. 1988. Flora of New Zealand, Volume IV: Naturalised pteridophytes, gymnosperms, dicotyledons. Botany Division, DSIR, Christchurch. 1365 pp.

Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong. 2011. Flora of China (online resource).