(Bull.) L.H.Bailey, Araliaceae
|
|
|
|
(Bull.) L.H.Bailey, Araliaceae |
|
Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Threat only at high elevations? no
Risk assessment results: Low risk, score: 0 (Go to the risk assessment)
Other Latin names: Aralia guilfoylei W. Bull
Common name(s): [more details]
|
English: coffeetree, geranium aralia, geranium-leaf aralia, Guilfoyle panax, hedge panax, panax, wild coffee, wild coffee panax |
|
Fijian: ndanindani |
|
I-Kiribati: te kaimamara, te toara |
|
Kwara‘ae: bebero, berobero |
|
Maori (Cook Islands): kaope pā, kāpaiē |
|
Marshallese: ut |
|
Niuean: tanetane |
|
Other: tanetane |
|
Samoan: afia, tagitagi, tanitani |
|
Tongan: tanetane |
Habit: shrub
Description: "Shrub with erect branches, 2-7 m tall; leaves mostly 15-50 cm long, 1-pinnate, leaflets opposite, petiolulate, petiolules up to 2.5 cm long; blades variable, but commonly broadly ovate or elliptic (even suborbicular to obovate) and coarsely dentate or lacerate, rarely subentire, commonly variegated with white or pale yellow margins, or sometimes all dark green; leaflets mostly 5-10 cm long; inflorescence a compound panicle, thyrsoid, flowers in umbels; flowers mostly 5-merous except the 3-4-merous ovary; petals 2.5x1.2 mm; fruit usually 3-4-celled and -seeded, 4 x 5 mm" (Stone, 1970; pp. 459-461).
Habitat/ecology: Commonly cultivated and often a relic of cultivation (Sykes, 1970; pp. 46-47). In Papua New Guinea, "usually grown as a hedge plant. Flowers only when left untrimmed or when growing as an escape from cultivation" (Conn, 1995; p. 32).
Propagation: Seed
Native range: Polynesia. "Widely cultivated in the paleotropics and in some parts of the neotropics" (Smith, 1985; pp. 638-639).
Presence:
| Pacific | |||
|
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
|
American Samoa
Swain's Island |
Swain's Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Whistler, W. A. (1983) (p. 8)
Voucher cited: Whistler 3391 |
|
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Tinian Island |
introduced
|
Raulerson, L. (2006) (p. 53) |
|
Cook Islands
Northern Cook Islands |
Manihiki Atoll |
introduced
cultivated |
McCormack, Gerald (2007) |
|
Cook Islands
Northern Cook Islands |
Manuae Atoll (Northern Cook Islands) |
introduced
cultivated |
McCormack, Gerald (2007) |
|
Cook Islands
Northern Cook Islands |
Nassau Island |
introduced
cultivated |
McCormack, Gerald (2007) |
|
Cook Islands
Northern Cook Islands |
Penrhyn (Tongareva) Island |
introduced
cultivated |
McCormack, Gerald (2007) |
|
Cook Islands
Northern Cook Islands |
Pukapuka Atoll |
introduced
cultivated |
McCormack, Gerald (2007) |
|
Cook Islands
Northern Cook Islands |
Rakahanga Atoll |
introduced
cultivated |
McCormack, Gerald (2007) |
|
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
‘Atiu Island |
introduced
cultivated |
McCormack, Gerald (2007) |
|
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Mangaia Island |
introduced
cultivated |
McCormack, Gerald (2007) |
|
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Ma‘uke Island |
introduced
cultivated |
McCormack, Gerald (2007) |
|
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Miti‘aro Island |
introduced
cultivated |
McCormack, Gerald (2007) |
|
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Palmerston (Avarau) Island |
introduced
cultivated |
McCormack, Gerald (2007) |
|
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Rarotonga Island |
introduced
cultivated |
McCormack, Gerald (2007) |
|
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Lukunor (Núkúnooch) Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 198) |
|
Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Fais Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Fosberg, F. R./Evans, M. (1969) (p. 11)
Voucher cited: Evans 356 (US) |
|
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Smith, Albert C. (1985) (pp. 638-639)
Vouchers cited: DA 16445, Seemann 204, Horne 588 |
|
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Bora Bora Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 43)
Voucher cited: Grant 5092 |
|
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Huahine Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 11) |
|
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Maupiti (Maurua) Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1987) (p. 54) |
|
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Moorea Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 11) |
|
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Raiatea (Havai) Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 43)
Voucher cited: Moore 287 |
|
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Taha‘a Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 11) |
|
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Tahiti Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 43)
Voucher cited: King & Tilden 403 |
|
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Tetiaroa Atoll |
introduced
cultivated |
Sachet, M.-H./Fosberg, F. R. (1983) (p. 49)
Vouchers cited: Fosberg 54588 (US), Raynal 18029 (P) |
|
Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (pp. 459-461)
Vouchers cited: Stone 3838 (GUAM), Stone 4030 (GUAM), Stone 4031 (GUAM), Stone 4072 (GUAM) |
|
Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 198) |
|
Kiribati
Line Islands |
Tabuaeran (Fanning) Atoll |
introduced
cultivated |
Wester, Lyndon (1985) (p. 28) |
|
Kiribati
Phoenix Islands |
Kanton Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Fosberg, F. R./Stoddart, D. R. (1994) (p. 10)
Voucher cited: Clapp P-71-15 (US) |
|
Kiribati
Phoenix Islands |
Kanton Island |
introduced
|
Luomala, Katharine (1951) (p. 173)
Voucher cited: Luomala 7 |
|
Kiribati
Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands |
Onotoa Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 198) |
|
Kiribati
Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands |
Onotoa Atoll |
cultivated
|
Moul, Edwin T. (1957) (p. 19)
Voucher cited: Moul 8305 (US) |
|
Kiribati
Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands |
Tabiteuea Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 198) |
|
Kiribati
Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands |
Tarawa Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 198) |
|
Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain |
Ailinglaplap (Ailinglapalap) Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 198) |
|
Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain |
Bikini (Pikinni) Atoll |
introduced
cultivated |
Fosberg, F. R. (1988) (p. 14) |
|
Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain |
Jaluit (Jãlwõj) Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 198) |
|
Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain |
Jaluit (Jãlwõj) Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1962) (p. 30)
Vouchers cited: Lyman 9 (US), St. John 21656 (BISH) |
|
Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain |
Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 198) |
|
Marshall Islands
Ralik Chain |
Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll |
introduced
cultivated |
Whistler, W. A./Steele, O. (1999) (p. 98) |
|
Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain |
Arno Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 198) |
|
Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain |
Arno Atoll |
Anderson, Donald (1951) (p. v)
Vouchers cited: Anderson 3655, Anderson 3657 |
|
|
Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain |
Arno Atoll |
introduced
cultivated |
Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2007) (p. 5)
"Uncommon; hedge plant near private residences". |
|
Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain |
Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 198) |
|
Marshall Islands
Ratak Chain |
Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll |
introduced
cultivated |
Vander Velde, Nancy (2003) (pp. 66-67) |
|
Nauru
Nauru Island |
Nauru Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 198) |
|
Nauru
Nauru Island |
Nauru Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Thaman, R. R./Fosberg, F. R./Manner, H. I./Hassall, D. C. (1994) (pp. 95-96)
Vouchers cited: Fosberg 58696 (US), Thaman & Manner 20 (SUVA), Thaman & Manner 27822 (SUVA) |
|
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago |
Île Grande Terre |
introduced
cultivated |
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 19)
Vouchers cited: Baumann 6816, MacKee 45080 |
|
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago |
Île des Pins (Isle of Pines) |
introduced
cultivated |
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 19)
Voucher cited: Lowry 3755 |
|
New Zealand (offshore islands)
Kermadec Islands |
Raoul Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Sykes, W. R. (1977) (p. 77)
Relic of cultivation. |
|
Niue
Niue |
Niue Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Sykes, W. R. (1970) (p. 46)
Vouchers cited: CHR 169951, CHR 169952 |
|
Niue
Niue |
Niue Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Yuncker, T. G. (1943) (pp. 91-92)
Vouchers cited: Yuncker 9933 (BISH); Yuncker 10002 (BISH) (var. laciniata), Yuncker 10051 (BISH) (var.) "Naturalized and is frequent in thickets and along roadsides". |
|
Palau
Palau (main island group) |
Koror Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 198) |
|
Palau
Palau (main island group) |
Koror Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Lorence, David H./Flynn, Tim (2005) (p. 11)
Polyscias guilfoylei or Polyscias fruticosa |
|
Palau
Sonsorol Group |
Sonsorol Island |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 198) |
|
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island) |
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island) |
introduced
cultivated |
Conn, Barry J., ed. (1995) (pp. 31-32)
Escapes from cultivation. |
|
Pitcairn Islands
Pitcairn Islands |
Pitcairn Island |
introduced
|
St. John, H. (1987) (p. 45)
Voucher cited: Fosberg 11245 |
|
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands |
Solomon Islands |
native
|
Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. (1988) (p. 102) |
|
Tuvalu
Tuvalu (Ellis) Islands |
Nui Atoll |
Woodroffe, C. D. (1985) (p. 16)
Vouchers cited: Woodroffe 142 (CHR), Woodroffe 173 (CHR) |
|
|
United States (other Pacific offshore islands)
Johnston Atoll |
Johnston Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Amerson, A. Binion, Jr./Shelton, Philip C. (1976) (p. 58) |
|
United States (other Pacific offshore islands)
Wake Islands |
Wake Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Fosberg, F. R. (1959) (p. 16) |
|
United States (other Pacific offshore islands)
Wake Islands |
Wake Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1969) (p. 12) |
| Indian Ocean | |||
|
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
|
Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands)
Christmas Island Group |
Christmas Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Swarbrick, J. T. (1997) (p. 124) |
Comments: Introduced and cultivated in the Galápagos Islands.
Additional information: Additional online information about Polyscias guilfoylei is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).
Taxonomic information about Polyscias guilfoylei may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
References:
Amerson, A. Binion, Jr./Shelton, Philip C. 1976. The natural history of Johnston Atoll. Atoll Research Bulletin No. 192. Smithsonian Institution, Washington. 479 pp.
Anderson, Donald. 1951. The plants of Arno Atoll, Marshall Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin No. 7. Pacific Science Board, National Academy of Sciences, Washington. 4 pp. + 7 pp. appendix.
Conn, Barry J., ed. 1995. Handbooks of the flora of Papua New Guinea, vol. 3. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne. 292 pp.
Fosberg, F. R. 1959. Vegetation and flora of Wake Island. Atoll Research Bulletin 67. Pacific Science Board, National Academy of Sciences, Washington. 20 pp.
Fosberg, F. R. 1988. Vegetation of Bikini Atoll. Smithsonian Institution, Washington. Atoll Research Bulletin 315:1-28.
Fosberg, F. R. 1997. Preliminary checklist of the flowering plants and ferns of the Society Islands. Ed. by David R. Stoddart. U. Cal. Berkeley.
Fosberg, F. R./Evans, M. 1969. A collection of plants from Fais, Caroline Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin No. 133. Smithsonian Institution, Washington. 15 pp.
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. 1962. Vascular plants recorded from Jaluit Atoll. Atoll Research Bulletin No. 92. Pacific Science Board, National Academy of Sciences, Washington. 39 pp.
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. 1969. Wake Island vegetation and flora, 1961-1963. Atoll Research Bulletin No. 123. Smithsonian Institution, Washington. 15 pp.
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. 1987. Flora of Maupiti, Society Islands. The Smithsonian Institution. Atoll Research Bulletin 294:1-70.
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce. 1979. A geographical checklist of the Micronesian dicotyledonae. Micronesica 15:1-295.
Fosberg, F. R./Stoddart, D. R. 1994. Flora of the Phoenix Islands, central Pacific. Smithsonian Institution, Washington. Atoll Research Bulletin 393. 60 pp.
Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. 1988. Flora of the Solomon Islands. Research Bulletin No. 7. Ministry of Agriculture and Lands, Honiara. 203 pp.
Lorence, David H./Flynn, Tim. 2005. Checklist of the plants of Kosrae. Unpublished checklist. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Hawai‘i. 23 pp.
Luomala, Katharine. 1951. Plants of Canton Island, Phoenix Islands. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 20(11):157-174.
MacKee, H. S. 1994. Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 164 p.
McCormack, Gerald. 2007. Cook Islands biodiversity and natural heritage. On-line database.
Moul, Edwin T. 1957. Preliminary report on the flora of Onotoa Atoll, Gilbert Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin No. 57. Pacific Science Board, National Academy of Sciences, Washington. 48 pp.
Raulerson, L. 2006. Checklist of Plants of the Mariana Islands. University of Guam Herbarium Contribution 40:1-69. .
Sachet, M.-H./Fosberg, F. R. 1983. An ecological reconnaissance of Tetiaroa Atoll, Society Islands. Atoll Research Bulletin No. 275. Smithsonian Institution, Washington. 67 pp. + photos.
Smith, Albert C. 1985. Flora Vitiensis nova: a new flora of Fiji. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Kauai, Hawaii. Volume 3. 758 pp.
St. John, H. 1987. An account of the flora of Pitcairn Island with new Pandanus species. Honolulu, 65 pp.
Stone, Benjamin C. 1970. The flora of Guam. Micronesica 6:1-659.
Swarbrick, J. T. 1997. Environmental weeds and exotic plants on Christmas Island, Indian Ocean: a report to Parks Australia. 101 pp. plus appendix.
Sykes, W. R. 1970. Contributions to the flora of Niue. New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Bulletin 200, Wellington. 321 pp.
Sykes, W. R. 1977. Kermadec Islands flora: an annotated checklist. New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Bulletin 219, Wellington. 216 pp.
Thaman, R. R. 1987. Plants of Kiribati: a listing and analysis of vernacular names. Atoll Res. Bull. 296:1-42.
Thaman, R. R./Fosberg, F. R./Manner, H. I./Hassall, D. C. 1994. The flora of Nauru. Smithsonian Institution, Washington. Atoll Research Bulletin 392:1-223.
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2007. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.
Vander Velde, Nancy. 2003. The vascular plants of Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands. Smithsonian Institution, Atoll Research Bulletin No. 503:1-141.
Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian. 2007. Arno plants [preliminary working listing of plant species]. Unpublished checklist, 13 pp.
Welsh, S. L. 1998. Flora Societensis: A summary revision of the flowering plants of the Society Islands. E.P.S. Inc., Orem, Utah. 420 pp.
Wester, Lyndon. 1985. Checklist of the vascular plants of the northern Line Islands. Smithsonian Institution, Washington. Atoll Reseach Bulletin 287:1-38.
Whistler, W. A. 1983. The flora and vegetation of Swains Island. Atoll Research Bulletin No. 262. Smithsonian Institution, Washington. 25 pp.
Whistler, W. A. 1984. Annotated list of Samoan plant names. Economic Botany 38:464.489.
Whistler, W. A. 2000. Tropical ornamentals: a guide. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon. 542 pp.
Whistler, W. A./Steele, O. 1999. Botanical survey of the United States of America Kwajalein Atoll (USAKA) Islands. Prepared for Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education and the U. S. Army Environmental Center. 111 pp.
Woodroffe, C. D. 1985. Vegetation and flora of Nui Atoll, Tuvalu. Atoll Research Bulletin No. 283. Smithsonian Institution, Washington. 18 pp. + maps, photos.
Yuncker, T. G. 1943. The flora of Niue Island. Bishop Mus. Bull. 178. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 126 pp.
Yuncker, T. G. 1945. Plants of the Manua Islands. Bishop Mus. Bull. 184. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 73 pp.