L., Poaceae |
Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations? no
Risk assessment results: Reject, score: 26 (Go to the risk assessment).
Common name(s): [more details]
Chinese: zao shu he |
English: annual bluegrass, annual meadowgrass, annual poa, annual wintergrass, goose grass, walkgrass, winter grass |
French: pâturin annuel |
Japanese: suzumeno-katabira |
Spanish: cebadilla, champa, espiguilla, hierba de la perdiz, hierba de punta, pastito de invierno, pasto azul anual, pasto de la perdiz, pasto de las liendres, pata de gallina, pata de perdiz, pel de ca, pelosa, piagillo, piojillo, poa annual, zacate azul, zacate poa |
Habit: grass
Description: "Bright green annuals; culms spreading or sometimes erect, rooting at modes and forming mats, 0.3-2 (-3.5) dm tall, strongly flattened. Sheaths open ca. 1/2 their length, with overlapping margins; ligule 1-3 mm long, obtuse or truncate, often erose; blades lax, folded or flat, 1-10 cm long, 1-2.5 (-3) mm wide, margins scaberulous, otherwise glabrous. Panicles open, pyramidal, 1.5-3.5 (-8) cm long, branches spreading, usually rigid; spikelets 3-6-flowered, (3-) 4-5.5 (-7) mm long, rachilla elongate; glumes glabrous, first glume narrowly lanceolate, 1.5-2.2 mm long, 1-nerved, apex acute, second glume oblanceolate to obovate, slightly longer than first glume, 1.8-2.7 mm long, 1-3-nerved, somewhat obtuse; lemmas 2.5-3.5 mm long, prominently 5-nerved, the nerves villous toward base, the margins scarious toward apex, pilose toward base; palea 1.5-2 mm long, 2-nerved, keeled, nerves villous, margins hyaline. Caryopsis pale brown, ellipsoid, somewhat trigonal, ca. 1 mm long" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 1583).
Description from GrassBase.
Habitat/ecology: "It invades gardens, lawns, foot paths, bowling greens, flower beds, golf courses, and cracks in sidewalks and pavement. It can be found at the margins of ponds and streams as well as in agronomic and horticultural crops and pastures. It occurs in areas of 90 to 430 mm annual precipitation; average minimum and maximum temperatures of 4.9 and 27.4° C, respectively; and soil pHs from 4.5 to 8.2. It grows on a wide range of soils, tolerates trampling, and is a frequent weed in areas heavily trafficked by livestock or humans" (Holm et al., 1997; p. 587). In Hawaii, "naturalized and relatively common, occurring in a variety of disturbed, usually mesic habitats, including roadsides, pastures, urban sites, and disturbed mesic and wet forest, 0-1,830 m" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 1583).
Propagation: Seed
Native range: Europe (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 1583).
Presence:
Pacific | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Australia (Pacific offshore islands)
Lord Howe Island |
Lord Howe Island |
introduced
invasive |
Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1994) (p. 23)
"An introduced and now common weed, especially of cultivated ground, including lawns". Vouchers cited: A.C. Beauglehole 5423 (CANB, MEL), A.N. Rodd 1480 (K, NSW), L.M. Bingley 11 (K), J.C. Game 69/273e (K) |
Australia (Pacific offshore islands)
Norfolk Islands |
Norfolk Island |
introduced
invasive |
Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1994) (p. 12)
"An introduced and now common weed, especially of cultivated ground, including lawns". Voucher cited: R.D. Hoogland 11233 (CANB) |
Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island) |
introduced
|
Skottsberg, Carl (1953) (p. 215) |
Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island) |
introduced
invasive |
Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John (2011) |
Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island) |
introduced
invasive |
Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido (2006) (p. 556) |
Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Más Afuera (Alejandro Selkirk Island) |
introduced
|
Skottsberg, Carl (1953) (p. 215) |
Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Más Afuera (Alejandro Selkirk Island) |
introduced
invasive |
Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John (2011) |
Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Más Afuera (Alejandro Selkirk Island) |
introduced
invasive |
Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido (2006) (p. 556) |
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Isabela Group |
Isabela Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Isabela Group |
Volcán Sierra Negra, Isabela Island |
introduced
invasive |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Tahiti Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Adventice |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Hawaii (Big) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1583) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Kauai Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1583) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Kure Atoll |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1583) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Kure Atoll |
introduced
invasive |
Starr, Forest/Martz, Kim/Loope, Lloyd (2001) (p. 16)
Uncommon. Only found around quarters. |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Lānai Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1583) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Maui Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1583) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Maui Island |
introduced
invasive |
Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim (2011) (p. 33)
East Maui. Voucher cited: Starr & Starr 090504-03 (BISH) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Molokai Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1583) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Oahu Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1583) |
Japan (offshore islands)
Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands |
Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands | Kato, Hidetoshi (2007) | |
New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago |
Île Grande Terre |
introduced
|
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 61)
Voucher cited: Cribs 847 |
New Zealand (offshore islands)
Kermadec Islands |
Kermadec Islands |
introduced
invasive |
Edgar, E./Connor, H. (2000) (p. 141)
"A weed of cultivated land and waste places". |
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island) |
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island) |
introduced
cultivated |
Henty, E. E. (1969) (p. 154) |
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island) |
Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island) |
introduced
invasive |
Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 585) |
Philippines
Philippine Islands |
Philippine Islands |
introduced
invasive |
Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 585) |
United States (other Pacific offshore islands)
Midway Atoll |
Midway Atoll |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1583) |
United States (other Pacific offshore islands)
Midway Atoll |
Sand Island |
introduced
invasive |
Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim/Loope, Lloyd (2008) (pp. B-12) |
Pacific Rim | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
New South Wales |
introduced
invasive |
Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 585) |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Northern Territory |
introduced
invasive |
Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 585) |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Queensland |
introduced
invasive |
Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 585) |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Costa Rica (Republic of) | Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 285) | |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
El Salvador (Republic of) | Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 285) | |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Honduras (Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 593) |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Nicaragua (Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 593) |
China
China |
China (People's Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 585) |
China
China |
Hong Kong |
native
|
Wu, Te-lin (2001) (p. 344) |
Indonesia
Indonesia |
Indonesia (Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 585) |
Japan
Japan |
Japan |
introduced
invasive |
Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 585) |
Japan
Japan |
Japan |
introduced
|
Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro (2004) (p. 192) |
South Korea
South Korea |
South Korea (Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 585) |
Malaysia
Malaysia |
Malaysia (country of) |
introduced
invasive |
Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 585) |
Mexico
Mexico |
Mexico (United Mexican States) |
introduced
invasive |
Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 585) |
New Zealand
New Zealand |
New Zealand (country) |
introduced
invasive |
Edgar, E./Connor, H. (2000) (p. 141)
"A weed of cultivated land and waste places". |
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Chile (Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 585) |
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Colombia |
introduced
invasive |
Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 585) |
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Ecuador (Republic of) (continental) |
introduced
invasive |
Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 585) |
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Perú (Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 585) |
Taiwan
Taiwan Island |
Taiwan Island |
introduced
invasive |
Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James (1997) (p. 585) |
Indian Ocean | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
La Réunion (France)
La Réunion Island |
La Réunion Island |
introduced
invasive |
Comité français de l'Union Internationale pour la Conservation de la Nature en France (2013)
Envahissant principalement dans les milieux perturbés. |
Mauritius
Mautitius Islands (Mauritius and Rodrigues) |
Mauritius Island | Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 285) |
Control: If you know of control methods for Poa annua, please let us know.