Pinus strobus L., Pinaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  yes

Risk assessment results:  High risk, score: 9 (Go to the risk assessment).

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: bei mei qiao song

English: eastern white pine, northern white pine, soft pine, strobus pine, Weymouth pine, white pine

French: pin à aiguilles fines, pin blanc, pin blanc d'Amérique, pin blanc de l'Est, pin de Lord Weymouth, pin Weymouth

Japanese: sutoroobu matsu, sutoroobusu matsu

Spanish: pimobete blanco, pino blanco Americano, pino de Quebec, pino de Weymouth

Habit:  tree

Description:  "Trees to 67 m; trunk to 1.8m in diameter, straight; crown conic, becoming rounded to flattened. Bark gray-brown, deeply furrowed, with long, irregularly rectangular, scaly plates. Branches whorled, spreading-upswept; twigs slender, pale red-brown, glabrous or pale puberulent, aging gray, ± smooth. Buds ovoid-cylindric, light red-brown, 0.4-0.5 cm, slightly resinous. Leaves 5 per fascicle, spreading to ascending, persisting 2-3 years, 6-10 cm x 0.7-1 mm, straight, slightly twisted, pliant, deep green to blue-green, pale stomatal lines evident only on adaxial surfaces, margins finely serrulate, apex abruptly acute to short-acuminate; sheath 1-1.5 cm, shed early. Pollen cones ellipsoid, 10-15 mm, yellow. Seed cones maturing in 2 years, shedding seeds and falling soon thereafter, clustered, pendent, symmetric, cylindric to lance-cylindric or ellipsoid-cylindric before opening, ellipsoid-cylindric to cylindric or lance-cylindric when open, (7-) 8-20 cm, gray-brown to pale brown, with purple or gray tints, stalks 2-3 cm; apophyses slightly raised, resinous at tip; umbo terminal, low. Seeds compressed, broadly obliquely obovoid; body 5-6 mm, red-brown mottled with black; wing 1.8-2.5 cm, pale brown"  (Flora of North America online).

Habitat/ecology:  In North America (native), "mesic to dry sites; 0-1500 m"  (Flora of North America online).  In New Zealand, "naturalised in scrub and modified forest, an occasional escape from cultivation.  Strobus pine is mostly cultivated in state forests, especially in the Rotorua area"  (Webb et al., 1988; p. 58).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Central and eastern United States and Canada; cultivated elsewhere (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	introduced cultivated	Conn, Barry J./Damas, Kipiro Q. (2011) Planted in Morobe Province but not successful as a Plantation species.

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Canada Canada	Canada (country)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
China China	China (People's Republic of)	introduced cultivated	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2011) Beijing Shi, Jiangsu (Nanjing Shi), Jiangxi (Lu Shan), Liaoning
New Zealand New Zealand	New Zealand (country)	introduced invasive cultivated	Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 58)

Also reported from
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	United States (other states)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)

Additional information:
Information from the publication "Silvics of North America".
Information from the U.S. Forest Service "Fire Effects Information System".

Additional online information about Pinus strobus is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Pinus strobus as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Pinus strobus may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Conn, Barry J./Damas, Kipiro Q. 2011. Guide to trees of Papua New Guinea (online resource).

Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 2011. Flora of North America North of Mexico (online edition).

Porcher, Michel H. 2011. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database. The University of Melbourne, Australia. Online resource.

U. S. Government. 2011. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) (on-line resource).

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2011. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. 1988. Flora of New Zealand, Volume IV: Naturalised pteridophytes, gymnosperms, dicotyledons. Botany Division, DSIR, Christchurch. 1365 pp.

Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong. 2011. Flora of China (online resource).