Pinanga coronata (Blume ex Martius) Blume, Arecaceae

Click on an image for links to BIGGER PICTURES

Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results:  Evaluate, score: 2 (Go to the risk assessment).

Other Latin names:  Areca coronata Blume ex Mart; Pinanga kuhlii Blume

Common name(s): [more details]

English: Java pinanga palm

Habit:  tree

Description:  "Inflorescence unbranched (i.e. the spikes directly arising from the rachis), red when fruiting, totaling 15-26 cm; rachis and peduncle usually not clearly distinct, gradually narrowed from a very broad base, or almost equally broad throughout, strongly flattened, 2 1/2 - 11 cm; spikes 5-20, when dry erecto-patent or subarcuately ascending, straight or flexuous, (rather) stout, 7-36 cm; male flowers stramineous, glabrous; calyx 3-fid, minute; petals unequal, (obliquely) ovate, acuminate, 8 mm; stamens c. 12; filaments minute; anthers acute; female flowers calyx and corolla slightly different, persistent, c. 2 mm, afterwards subaccrescent; perianth-lobes orbicular-ovate, ciliate along the margins; style short; stigma discoid, large; staminodes (?) absent; fruit ellipsoid, tapering towards the ends, or distinctly obovoid, subobtuse at  apex, via orange at last red-purple, c. 9-13 mm (? ripe); very young fruit mammiform or tapering-cylindric; endosperm deeply ruminate.  Leaves up to 135 cm; sheath narrow, long, not or hardly frayed at the mouth, with reddish brown scales; petiole thin, up to 60 cm or more; segments not very numerous, linear to (upper ones!) suboblong, often somewhat falcate, the lower ones with undivided apex, the upper ones with broad, emarginate-dentate apex, (2-) 4-10-nerved, 22-100 cm by (2-) 4-6 (-9) cm.  Growing in clumps.  Stem slender, 2-5 cm diameter"  (Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, 1968; pp. 193-194).

Description on Palmweb.

Habitat/ecology:  "Occurring on very steep hillsides in montane forest and flat areas in lowland forest, from sea level to 1800 m above sea level"  (Witono et al., 2002, in Palmweb).  In Hawai‘i (O‘ahu), naturalized in Lyon Arboretum where  "very dense seedling thickets are common around planted specimens.  More than 50 mature, naturalized plants were seed scattered throughout the Arboretum.  Second and perhaps third-generation seedlings were also seen in the vicinity of these naturalized plants"  (Daehler & Baker, 2006; p. 5).  "Humid forest, sometimes also in teak-forest; not on limestone; 10-1600, especially above 600 [m]"  (Backer & Bakhuizen van den Brink, 1968; p. 194).

Propagation:  Seed, presumably dispersed by birds  (Daehler & Baker, 2006; p. 5).

Native range:  Rainforests of Java and Sumatra  (Daehler & Baker, 2006; p. 5). Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, Sumatra, Andaman and Nicobar Islands (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island	introduced cultivated	Smith, Albert C. (1979) (p. 425) As Pinanga kuhlii Bl. Voucher cited: DA 18579
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced cultivated	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) As Pinanga kuhlii C.L. Blume
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Parker, James L./Parsons, Bobby (2012) (p. 66) Voucher cited: J. Parker & R. Parsons BIED136 (BISH)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Daehler, Curtis C./Baker, Raymond F. (2006) (pp. 5-6) Vouchers cited: C. Daehler 1305 (HAW), R. Hauff s.n. (BISH)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Indonesia Indonesia	Indonesia (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Singapore Singapore	Singapore (Republic of)	introduced cultivated	Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 69) Cultivated only

Indian Ocean
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
India (Indian Ocean offshore islands) Andaman Islands	Andaman Islands	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
India (Indian Ocean offshore islands) Nicobar Islands	Nicobar Islands	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)

Additional information:
Additional online information about Pinanga coronata is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Pinanga coronata as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Pinanga coronata may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Backer, C. A./Bakhuizen van den Brink, R. C. 1968. Flora of Java, Vol. 3. N.V. P. Noordhoff, Groningen, The Netherlands. 761 pp.

Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. 2009. A checklist of the total vascular plant flora of Singapore: native, naturalised and cultivated species. Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore. 273 pp.

Daehler, Curtis C./Baker, Raymond F. 2006. New records of naturalized and naturalizing plants around Lyon Arboretum, Mānoa Valley, O‘ahu. In: Evenhuis, Neal L. and Eldredge, Lucias G., eds. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2004-2005. Part 1: Articles. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 87:3-18.

Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. 2011. Base de données botaniques Nadeaud de l'Herbier de la Polynésie Française (PAP). (online resource).

Palmweb. 2012. Palmweb: Palms of the World Online.

Parker, James L./Parsons, Bobby. 2012. New plant records from the Big Island for 2010-2011. In: Evenhuis, Neal L. and Eldredge, Lucius G., eds. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2011. Part II: Plants. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. 113:65-74.

Smith, Albert C. 1979. Flora Vitiensis nova: a new flora of Fiji. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Kauai, Hawaii. Volume 1. 494 pp.

Staples, George W./Herbst, Derral/Imada, Clyde T. 2000. Survey of invasive or potentially invasive cultivated plants in Hawai‘i. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers No. 65. 35 pp.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2011. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

Uhl, Natalie W./Dransfield, John. 1987. Genera palmarum: a classification of palms based on the work of Harold E. Moore, Jr. The L. H. Bailey Hortorium and the International Palm Society. Allen Press. 610 pp.