Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)

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Passiflora laurifolia
L., Passifloraceae
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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: zhang ye xi fan lian

English: Jamaica honeysuckle, bell apple, belle apple, passion fruit, sweetcup, water lemon, yellow granadilla, yellow water lemon

French: pomme d'or, pomme-liane

Samoan: pāsio, pāsio ‘ai mata, pāsio esi

Spanish: parcha

Tongan: vaine ‘ae kumā, vaine ‘ae kuma, vaine tinetina

Habit:  vine

Description:  "LianasLeaves coriaceous, blades oblong, 6.5-14 cm long, 4.5-6.5 cm wide, glabrous, margins entire, petioles with 2 rounded, subsessile nectaries ca. 1 mm long at apex, stipules linear-lanceolate, up to ca.10 mm long, deciduous.  Flowers pendent, campanulate, 6-7 cm in diameter, peduncles solitary, bracts obovate to elliptic, 3.5-4.3 cm long, 2-2.8 cm wide; hypanthium 0.4-0.8 cm long; sepals and petals white or splotched with purple; corona purple-banded, filamentous, ca. 2 cm long.  Berries yellow, ovate to globose, 5-6.3 cm long, 3-4.5 cm in diameter, aril white, edible"  (Wagner et al., 1999; pp. 1011, 1887).

Habitat/ecology:  In Hawai‘i, "naturalized in mesic to wet, disturbed areas, climbing over vegetation, 0-280 m"  (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 1011).  In Fiji, "a cultivated and sparingly naturalized climbing vine found...near sea level"  (Smith, 1981; pp. 668-669).

Propagation:  Seed, spread by birds and animals.

Native range:  West Indies, Guianas, and South America from Venezuela to eastern Brazil; widely cultivated.

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. &
Island group
Location Cited status &
Cited as invasive &
Cited as cultivated &
Cited as aboriginal introduction?
Reference &
Comments
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands
Ma‘uke Island cultivated
McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands
Ma‘uke Island   Sykes, Bill (year unknown)
Fiji
Fiji Islands
Vanua Levu Island introduced
invasive
cultivated
Smith, Albert C. (1981) (pp. 668-669)
Voucher cited: Smith 400
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island introduced
cultivated
Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2013)
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: L. Dunn & J.-Y. Meyer 398 (PAP)
Naturalisée
French Polynesia
Marquesas Islands
Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island   National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2003) (voucher ID: PTBG 40923)
Taxon name on voucher: Passiflora laurifolia
French Polynesia
Society Islands
Raiatea (Havai) Island introduced
invasive
Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 212)
French Polynesia
Society Islands
Tahiti Island introduced
invasive
Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 212)
Vouchers cited: Setchell & Parks 210, Grant 4428, Grant 5337
French Polynesia
Society Islands
Tahiti Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Vouchers cited: J. Florence 4449 (PAP), J. Florence & J.-C. Jolinon 8093 (PAP)
Naturalisée
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands
Hawai‘i (Big) Island introduced
invasive
cultivated
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1011)
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands
Kaua‘i Island introduced
invasive
cultivated
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1011)
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands
Maui Island introduced
invasive
Meidell, J. Scott/Oppenheimer, H. L./Bartlett, R. T. (1998) (p. 7)
West Maui. Voucher cited: Meidell & Oppenheimer 129 (BISH)
Naturalized in alien dominated lowland mesic forest at an elevation of 378 m.
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands
Maui Island introduced
invasive
Starr, Forest/Martz, Kim/Loope, Lloyd L. (1999) (p. 13)
East Maui. Voucher cited: Starr & Martz 980807-22 (BISH)
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands
Moloka‘i Island introduced
invasive
cultivated
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1011)
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands
O‘ahu Island introduced
invasive
cultivated
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1011)
Niue
Niue
Niue Island introduced
cultivated
Sykes, W. R. (1970) (p. 162)
Voucher cited: CHR 169817
Niue
Niue
Niue Island introduced
Whistler, W. A. (1988) (p. 32)
Niue
Niue
Niue Island introduced
invasive
cultivated
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2000) (p. 24)
Niue
Niue
Niue Island introduced
cultivated
Yuncker, T. G. (1943) (p. 86)
Vouchers cited: Yuncker 9954 (BISH), Yuncker 10177 (BISH)
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group)
Babeldaob Island   Wagner, W. L./ Herbst, D. R./Weitzman, A./Lorence, D.H. (2013)
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group)
Koror (Oreor) Island   Wagner, W. L./ Herbst, D. R./Weitzman, A./Lorence, D.H. (2013)
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group)
Palau Islands (main island group)   Lorence, David H./Flynn, Tim (2010) (p. 37)
Pitcairn Islands
Pitcairn Islands
Pitcairn Island introduced
Meyer, Jean-Yves (2000) (p. 104)
"Potential invader".
Pitcairn Islands
Pitcairn Islands
Pitcairn Island introduced
invasive
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
Voucher cited: J. Florence 11035 (PAP)
Naturalisée
Pitcairn Islands
Pitcairn Islands
Pitcairn Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1991) (voucher ID: BISH 642002)
Taxon name on voucher: Passiflora laurifolia L.
Samoa
Western Samoa Islands
Aleipata Islands   Whistler, W. A. (1983)
Samoa
Western Samoa Islands
Savai‘i Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1929) (voucher ID: BISH 429113)
Taxon name on voucher: Passiflora laurifolia L.
Samoa
Western Samoa Islands
Upolu Island introduced
invasive
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 67)
Samoa
Western Samoa Islands
Upolu Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1955) (voucher ID: BISH 168849)
Taxon name on voucher: Passiflora laurifolia L.
Samoa
Western Samoa Islands
Upolu Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1973) (voucher ID: BISH 417629)
Taxon name on voucher: Passiflora laurifolia L.
Tonga
Tongatapu Group
Tongatapu Island introduced
invasive
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 55)
Tonga
Tongatapu Group
Tongatapu Island   Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 54)
Voucher cited: Soakai 147
Tonga
Tongatapu Group
Tongatapu Island introduced
invasive
Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 192)
Voucher cited: Yuncker 15212
Tonga
Tongatapu Group
Tongatapu Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1958) (voucher ID: BISH 41375)
Taxon name on voucher: Passiflora laurifolia L.
Tonga
Tongatapu Group
Tongatapu Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1953) (voucher ID: BISH 168837)
Taxon name on voucher: Passiflora laurifolia L.
Tonga
Tongatapu Group
Tongatapu Island   Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1980) (voucher ID: BISH 436741)
Taxon name on voucher: Passiflora laurifolia L.
Tonga
Tongatapu Group
Tongatapu Island   National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1989) (voucher ID: PTBG 3301)
Taxon name on voucher: Passiflora laurifolia
Tonga
Vava‘u Group
Vava‘u Island introduced
invasive
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 68)
Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. &
Island group
Location Cited status &
Cited as invasive &
Cited as cultivated &
Cited as aboriginal introduction?
Reference &
Comments
China
China
China (People's Republic of) introduced
cultivated
Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
Cultivated, Guangdong.
Singapore
Singapore
Singapore (Republic of) introduced
invasive
Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 67)
Naturalised
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim)
Perú (Republic of) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Indian Ocean
Country/Terr./St. &
Island group
Location Cited status &
Cited as invasive &
Cited as cultivated &
Cited as aboriginal introduction?
Reference &
Comments
Seychelles
Seychelles Islands
Seychelles Islands introduced
Invasive Species Specialist Group (2017)

Comments:  A problem species in Hawai‘i.

Control:  If you know of control methods for Passiflora laurifolia, please let us know.


Need more info? Have questions? Comments? Information to contribute? Contact PIER! (pier@hear.org)

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This page was created on 1 JAN 1999 and was last updated on 20 OCT 2006.