Paspalum paniculatum L., Poaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results:  Reject, score: 9 (Go to the risk assessment)

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: kai sui que bai

English: angel grass, galmarra grass, Russell river grass

Fijian: covatu

French: herbe de la mission, herbe duvet

Maori (Cook Islands): matie manutai, mauku, taravao ‘uru‘uru

Spanish: arrocillo

Tahitian: ‘ofe‘ofe

Habit:  grass

Description:  "Perennial grass.  Culms erect to ascending, 50-100 cm long, sometimes rooting from the lower node, nodes often long-hairy.  Leaf sheath long-hairy, striate, often longer than internodes; ligule less than 1 mm long, membranous.  Leaf blade 1040 x 0.8-2 cm; surfaces hairy, with a tuft of long white hairs at the base, midrib prominent beneath; margins scabrous.  Inflorescence of 15-20 spreading to drooping racemes from an axis 10-20 cm long, the lower racemes up to 8 cm long. Spikelets nearly round, ca. 1.5 mm long, brown, crowded together in pairs on the slender, winged rachis, which often bears scattered stiff hairs.  Lower glume absent, upper glume and sterile lemma similar, slightly pubescent"  (Whistler, 1995; p. 178).

Description from GrassBase.

Habitat/ecology:  "Occasional to locally abundant on fallow land, on roadsides, and in crops such as taro" (Whistler, 1983; p. 93). "In moist open ground and on brushy slopes, often a weed in cultivated ground and along roadsides" (Wiggins & Porter, 1971; pp. 872-873). Moist disturbed areas up to 900 m elevation.

In Fiji, naturalized "in waste places, pastures, along roadsides, on hillsides, and on plantations and other cultivated areas"  (Smith, 1979; p. 335). In New Caledonia, "introduit comme plante fourragère. Se rencontre maintenant surtout spontané" (MacKee, 1994; p. 61).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Tropical America.

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2000) (p. 37)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Rota Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 54)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Rota Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1982) (pp. 83-84) Voucher cited: Herbst & Falanruw 6694 (US)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Saipan Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 54)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Saipan Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1982) (pp. 83-84) Voucher cited: Herbst & Falanruw 6909 (US)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Tinian Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 54)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Tinian Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1982) (pp. 83-84) Voucher cited: Herbst & Falanruw 6785 (US)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Aitutaki Atoll		McCormack, Gerald (2011)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	‘Atiu Island		McCormack, Gerald (2011)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Mangaia Island		McCormack, Gerald (2011)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Mangaia Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2002) (voucher ID: PTBG 352) Taxon name on voucher: Paspalum paniculatum
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Ma‘uke Island		McCormack, Gerald (2011)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Rarotonga Island		McCormack, Gerald (2011)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Rarotonga Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1977) (voucher ID: BISH 420148) Taxon name on voucher: Paspalum paniculatum L.
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Rarotonga Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1982) (voucher ID: BISH 666203) Taxon name on voucher: Paspalum paniculatum L.
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Rarotonga Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1991) (voucher ID: BISH 666501) Taxon name on voucher: Paspalum paniculatum L.
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Fernandina Group	Fernandina Island	native	Charles Darwin Research Station (2005)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Floreana Group	Floreana Island	native	Charles Darwin Research Station (2005)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) San Cristóbal Group	San Cristóbal Island	native	Charles Darwin Research Station (2005)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Santa Cruz Group	Santa Cruz Island	native	Charles Darwin Research Station (2005)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Weno (Moen) Island		McCormack, Gerald (2011)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	introduced invasive	Herrera, Katherine/Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy/Balick, Michael J. (2010) (pp. 59-60) Voucher cited: T.W. Flynn 6226 (K, PTBG, US) Naturalized
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1997) (voucher ID: PTBG 24408) Taxon name on voucher: Paspalum paniculatum L.
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island	introduced invasive	Smith, Albert C. (1979) (p. 335) Vouchers cited: DA 8312, Smith 9675, DA 8980, DA 7319, DA 8968, DA 8694, DA 9401, DA 7034, DA 7760, DA 7775, DA 1327, DA 7685, DA 7705, DA 7732, C.R. Turbet 13, DA 9058, DA 8593
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1935) (voucher ID: BISH 31618) Taxon name on voucher: Paspalum paniculatum L.
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1954) (voucher ID: BISH 31740) Taxon name on voucher: Paspalum paniculatum L.
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1953) (voucher ID: BISH 126259) Taxon name on voucher: Paspalum paniculatum L.
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1972) (voucher ID: BISH 448503) Taxon name on voucher: Paspalum paniculatum L.
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Mangareva (Gambier) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Adventice
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Fatu Hiva Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2008)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Fatu Hiva Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Voucher cited: D.H. Lorence 6216 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Fatu Hiva Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1988) (voucher ID: BISH 1000695) Taxon name on voucher: Paspalum paniculatum L.
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Fatu Hiva Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1988) (voucher ID: PTBG 6453) Taxon name on voucher: Paspalum paniculatum
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hiva Oa Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2008)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hiva Oa Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Voucher cited: K.R. Wood & S.P. Perlman 4349 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hiva Oa Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1995) (voucher ID: PTBG 21724) Taxon name on voucher: Paspalum paniculatum L.
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2008)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Vouchers cited: J. Florence 4181 (PAP), B. Toutain 4241 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1982) (voucher ID: BISH 558045) Taxon name on voucher: Paspalum paniculatum L.
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2008)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2003) (voucher ID: PTBG 39479) Taxon name on voucher: Paspalum paniculatum
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2003) (voucher ID: PTBG 39773) Taxon name on voucher: Paspalum paniculatum
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2008)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Pou (Huapu, Uapou, Uapu) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Adventice
French Polynesia Society Islands	Huahine Island	introduced invasive	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 342) Voucher cited: Fosberg 61190
French Polynesia Society Islands	Huahine Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Voucher cited: J. Florence & R. Tahuaitu 11643 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Society Islands	Huahine Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1992) (voucher ID: BISH 643298) Taxon name on voucher: Paspalum paniculatum L.
French Polynesia Society Islands	Maupiti (Maurua) Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1987) (p. 15) Vouchers cited: Raynal 17862, Fosberg 64845 (US), Morris 27 (US)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island	introduced invasive	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 342) Voucher cited: Fosberg 63637
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Voucher cited: J. Florence 2087 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1981) (voucher ID: BISH 492116) Taxon name on voucher: Paspalum paniculatum L.
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1982) (voucher ID: BISH 586743) Taxon name on voucher: Paspalum paniculatum L.
French Polynesia Society Islands	Raiatea (Havai) Island	introduced invasive	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 342) Voucher cited: BRY 26067
French Polynesia Society Islands	Raiatea (Havai) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Vouchers cited: J. Florence 3510 (PAP), J. Florence 3685 (PAP), P. Morat 6937 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Society Islands	Raiatea (Havai) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1982) (voucher ID: BISH 492080) Taxon name on voucher: Paspalum paniculatum L.
French Polynesia Society Islands	Taha‘a Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 104)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced invasive	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 342) Vouchers cited: Grant 4572, Parks & Setchell 370
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Voucher cited: W.A. Whistler & M. Guérin 12 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1913) (voucher ID: BISH 638332) Taxon name on voucher: Paspalum paniculatum L.
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Makatea (Ma‘atea) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Voucher cited: J. Florence 9027 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Makatea (Ma‘atea) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1988) (voucher ID: BISH 560426) Taxon name on voucher: Paspalum paniculatum L.
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Raivavae (Raevavae) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Voucher cited: J. Florence 5625 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rapa Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Voucher cited: J. Florence 6533 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rurutu Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Vouchers cited: J. Florence 5519 (PAP), J. Florence 5952 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Tubuai Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Adventice
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 54)
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1982) (pp. 83-84) Vouchers cited: Fosberg 59641 (US, BISH, POM, NY), Stone 4853 (GUAM), P. H. Moore 808 (US, GUAM), Fosberg 58188 (US, BISH, POM, K)
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1978) (voucher ID: BISH 588376) Taxon name on voucher: Paspalum paniculatum L.
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1980) (voucher ID: BISH 589054) Taxon name on voucher: Paspalum paniculatum L.
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1983) (voucher ID: BISH 1000140) Taxon name on voucher: Paspalum paniculatum L.
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1994) (voucher ID: PTBG 22351) Taxon name on voucher: Paspalum paniculatum L.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 1575, 1911) Adventive.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive	Herbst, Derral R./Wagner, Warren L. (1999) (p. 28) Vouchers cited: Cuddihy & Davis 527 (BISH), Nagata 4432 (BISH) Naturalized
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive	Oppenheimer, Hank L. (2004) (p. 16) West Maui. Voucher cited: Oppenheimer, P. Bily & F. Duvall H50222 (BISH, PTBG)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive	Oppenheimer, Hank (2007) (p. 29) East Maui. Voucher cited: Oppenheimer H100509 (BISH, PTBG). This specimen is likely Paspalum laxum Lam. per Snow and Lau, 2010; p. 53.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1575) Adventive
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced invasive	Herbst, Derral R./Wagner, Warren L. (1999) (p. 28) Voucher cited: Ripperton & Lyman s.n. (BISH 448985) Naturalized
New Caledonia Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands)	Îles Loyauté (Loyalty Islands)	introduced invasive cultivated	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 61)
New Caledonia New Caledonia	New Caledonia Islands		Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 95)
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Belep	introduced invasive cultivated	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 61)
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre	introduced invasive cultivated	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 61) Voucher cited: Le Rat 2186
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1949) (voucher ID: BISH 10878) Taxon name on voucher: Paspalum paniculatum L.
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1947) (voucher ID: BISH 126261) Taxon name on voucher: Paspalum paniculatum L.
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara M./Newfield, Melanie/Bull, Cate (2004) (p. 45)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Angaur Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 88)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Angaur Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Lorence, David H./LaRosa, Anne Marie (2009) (p. 20) Voucher: Lorence 9735 (PTBG, BNM, NY, US)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Angaur Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2008) (voucher ID: PTBG 27) Taxon name on voucher: Paspalum paniculatum
Palau Palau (main island group)	Babeldaob Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 86)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Koror Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 81)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Koror Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Lorence, David H./LaRosa, Anne Marie (2009) (p. 20) Voucher: Lorence 9709 (PTBG, BNM, NY, US)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Koror Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2008) (voucher ID: PTBG 2) Taxon name on voucher: Paspalum paniculatum
Palau Palau (main island group)	Malakal Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 81)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Ngerkebesang Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 81)
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	introduced invasive	Henty, E. E. (1969) (p. 146) Throughout lowland New Guinea and to at least 3000 ft., as a weed of roadsides, wasteland, abandoned gardens, and cultivation.
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)		Waterhouse, D. F. (1997) (p. 64)
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Savai‘i Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 70)
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 67) Voucher: Flynn 6932 (PTBG, K, SAMOA)
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1921) (voucher ID: BISH 126233) Taxon name on voucher: Paspalum paniculatum L.
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1974) (voucher ID: BISH 418221) Taxon name on voucher: Paspalum paniculatum L.
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1972) (voucher ID: BISH 699852) Taxon name on voucher: Paspalum paniculatum L.
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2002) (voucher ID: PTBG 327) Taxon name on voucher: Paspalum paniculatum
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands		Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 95)
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands	introduced invasive	Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. (1988) (p. 97)
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Vava‘u Island		Whistler, W. A. (1988) (p. 55) Voucher cited: Buelow 1662
Vanuatu New Hebrides Islands	Vanuatu (Republic of)		Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 95)
Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands	Wallis (‘Uvea) Island	introduced invasive	Morat, Ph./Veillon, J.-M. (1985) Morat & Veillon, 1985, cited in Meyer, 2007
Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands	Wallis and Futuna Islands		Whistler, W. A. (1988) (p. 55)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	Australia (continental)		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 268)
Colombia Colombia	Colombia (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Costa Rica Costa Rica	Costa Rica (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Ecuador (Mainland) Ecuador	Ecuador (Republic of) (continental)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
El Salvador El Salvador	El Salvador (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Guatemala Guatemala	Guatemala (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Honduras Honduras	Honduras (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Japan Japan	Japan (country)	introduced	Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro (2004) (p. 192)
Mexico Mexico	Mexico (United Mexican States)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Nicaragua Nicaragua	Nicaragua (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Panama Panama	Panama (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Perú Perú	Perú (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Taiwan Taiwan	Taiwan Island	introduced invasive	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2011) Moist places along roadsides, naturalized.

Indian Ocean
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
La Réunion (France) La Réunion Island	La Réunion Island	introduced invasive	Comité français de l'Union Internationale pour la Conservation de la Nature en France (2010)
Mauritius Mautitius Islands (Mauritius and Rodrigues)	Mauritius Island	probably native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)

Additional information:
Additional online information about Paspalum paniculatum is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Paspalum paniculatum as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Paspalum paniculatum may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1913. Voucher specimen #BISH 638332 (Tilden, J.E. 1113).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1921. Voucher specimen #BISH 126233 (Eames, A.J. 138).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1935. Voucher specimen #BISH 31618 (Parham, B.E. 1327).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1947. Voucher specimen #BISH 126261 (Buchholz, J.T. 1508).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1949. Voucher specimen #BISH 10878 (Bryan Jr, E.H.; collector's voucher number unknown).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1953. Voucher specimen #BISH 126259 (Smith, A.C. 9675).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1954. Voucher specimen #BISH 31740 (Parham, J.W. 7319).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1972. Voucher specimen #BISH 448503 (Weiner, M.A. 115A).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1972. Voucher specimen #BISH 699852 (Whistler, W.A. W241).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1974. Voucher specimen #BISH 418221 (Whistler, W.A. W1554).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1977. Voucher specimen #BISH 420148 (Krauss, N.L.H. 1547).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1978. Voucher specimen #BISH 588376 (Fosberg, F.R. 58188).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1980. Voucher specimen #BISH 589054 (Fosberg, F.R. 59641).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1981. Voucher specimen #BISH 492116 (Florence, J. 2087).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1982. Voucher specimen #BISH 492080 (Florence, J. 3510).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1982. Voucher specimen #BISH 558045 (Florence, J. 4181).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1982. Voucher specimen #BISH 586743 (Fosberg, F.R. 63637).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1982. Voucher specimen #BISH 666203 (Sykes, W.R. 399904).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1983. Voucher specimen #BISH 1000140 (Herbst, D.R. 7105).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1988. Voucher specimen #BISH 560426 (Florence, J. 9027).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1988. Voucher specimen #BISH 1000695 (W.L.Wagner 6171).

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