Paronychia franciscana Eastw., Caryophyllaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  yes

Common name(s): [more details]

English: San Francisco nailwort

Habit:  herb

Description:  "Plants perennial, mat-forming; caudex branched, woody. Stems prostrate, usually much-branched throughout, 5-50 cm, pubescent. Leaves: stipules ovate-lanceolate, 3-6 mm, apex narrowly acute to long-acuminate, entire; blade elliptic to oblanceolate, 5-10 x 1.5-2.5 mm, ñ fleshy, apex spin-ulous, entire, ± moderately antrorsely appressed-pubescent. Cymes axillary, inconspicuous, 2-6-flowered, tightly congested. Flowers 5-merous, short-cylindric, with enlarged hypanthium and calyx cylindric to slightly tapering distally, 1.9-2.4 mm, glabrous, sepals puberulent distally; sepals greenish, becoming reddish brown, midrib and lateral pair of veins often apparent, oblong to ovate, 1.2-1.3 mm, herbaceous, margins translucent, ca. 0.1 mm wide, scarious, apex terminated by awn, hood broadly rounded, awn erect, 0.5-0.7 mm, conic in proximal 6 with whitish, smooth spine; staminodes absent; styles 2, 0.2-0.3 mm. Utricles ± globose to 4-angled, 1.2-1.3 mm, papillate distally"  (Flora of North America online).

Habitat/ecology:  In California (U.S.), "grassy hills; 20-300 m"  (Flora of North America online).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Chile, naturalized elsewhere (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island)	introduced invasive	Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John (2011)
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island)	introduced invasive	Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido (2006) (pp. 461, 466, 556)
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más Afuera (Alejandro Selkirk Island)	introduced invasive	Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John (2011)
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más Afuera (Alejandro Selkirk Island)	introduced invasive	Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido (2006) (pp. 461, 466, 556) Voucher cited: Danton G(1318)1082

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	New South Wales	introduced invasive	National Herbarium of New South Wales (2013) "Weed of lawns and pastures, not common".
Australia Australia (continental)	Australia (continental)	introduced invasive	National Herbarium of New South Wales (2013) Victoria
South America (Pacific rim) South America (Pacific rim)	Chile (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (California)	introduced	Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. (2013)

Control:  If you know of control methods for Paronychia franciscana, please let us know.