Paronychia franciscana Eastw., Caryophyllaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  yes

Common name(s): [more details]

English: San Francisco nailwort

Habit:  herb

Description:  "Plants perennial, mat-forming; caudex branched, woody. Stems prostrate, usually much-branched throughout, 5-50 cm, pubescent. Leaves: stipules ovate-lanceolate, 3-6 mm, apex narrowly acute to long-acuminate, entire; blade elliptic to oblanceolate, 5-10 x 1.5-2.5 mm, ± fleshy, apex spin-ulous, entire, ± moderately antrorsely appressed-pubescent. Cymes axillary, inconspicuous, 2-6-flowered, tightly congested. Flowers 5-merous, short-cylindric, with enlarged hypanthium and calyx cylindric to slightly tapering distally, 1.9-2.4 mm, glabrous, sepals puberulent distally; sepals greenish, becoming reddish brown, midrib and lateral pair of veins often apparent, oblong to ovate, 1.2-1.3 mm, herbaceous, margins translucent, ca. 0.1 mm wide, scarious, apex terminated by awn, hood broadly rounded, awn erect, 0.5-0.7 mm, conic in proximal 6 with whitish, smooth spine; staminodes absent; styles 2, 0.2-0.3 mm. Utricles ± globose to 4-angled, 1.2-1.3 mm, papillate distally"  (Flora of North America online).

Habitat/ecology:  In California (U.S.), "grassy hills; 20-300 m"  (Flora of North America online).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Chile, naturalized elsewhere (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island)	introduced invasive	Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John (2011)
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island)	introduced invasive	Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido (2006) (pp. 461, 466, 556)
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más Afuera (Alejandro Selkirk Island)	introduced invasive	Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John (2011)
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más Afuera (Alejandro Selkirk Island)	introduced invasive	Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido (2006) (pp. 461, 466, 556) Voucher cited: Danton G(1318)1082

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	Australia (continental)	introduced invasive	National Herbarium of New South Wales (2011) Victoria
Australia Australia (continental)	New South Wales	introduced invasive	National Herbarium of New South Wales (2011) "Weed of lawns and pastures, not common".
Chile (continental) Chile	Chile (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (California)	introduced	Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. (2011)

Additional information:
Additional online information about Paronychia franciscana is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Paronychia franciscana as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Paronychia franciscana may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John. 2011. Naturalized species in the Juan Fernández Archipelago, Chile. Unpublished spreadsheet.

Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido. 2006. Nouveau catalogue de la flore vaculaire de l'archipel Juan Fernández (Chile) [Nuevo catálogo de la flora vacular del Archipélago Juan Fernández (Chile)]. Acta Bot. Gallica 153(4):399-587.

Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 2011. Flora of North America North of Mexico (online edition).

National Herbarium of New South Wales. 2011. PlantNet: New South Wales Flora online. The Plant Information Network System of the Botanic Gardens Trust Version 2.0. Online resource.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2011. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.