Papaver rhoeas L., Papaveraceae

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Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results:  High risk; score: 11 (Hawaii-Pacific Weed Risk Assessment for Papaver rhoeas)

Common name(s): [more details]

English: Flanders poppy, Shirley poppy, common poppy, corn poppy, field poppy, poppy, red poppy

Habit:  herb

Description:  "P[apaver] rhoeas (field poppy) has a smooth, rounded fruiting capsule. It is a hairy annual with tall, slender stems and brilliant scarlet nodding flowers." (Western Weeds, p. 208)

"An annual or biennial plant, it grows to a height of 0.4 m with a spread of 0.4 m. ¶The stem is erect, hairy and unbranching; the leaves are basal and pinnate or bipinnate, with coarsely serrate margins; the flowers are rich scarlet, with a black blotch at the base, 4 petalled and 10 cm across." (Encyclopaedia Botanica, p. 760)

Habitat/ecology:  "A native of Asia Minor, it is adaptable to most soils, but prefers an open, sunny position. It is frost resistant but drought tender." (Encyclopaedia Botanica, p. 760)

Propagation:  In cultivation (apparently): "Propagation is by seed or by root cuttings." (Encyclopaedia Botanica, p. 760)

Native range:  The native range of Papaver rhoeas L. (Papaveraceae) includes the Madeira Islands; the Canary Islands; northern Africa (Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia); parts of temperate Asia (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation, Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia, Afghanistan, Cyprus, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey), Pakistan, and much of Europe. (GRIN)

Impacts and invaded habitats:  Papaver rhoeas has become established ("naturalized") in these areas where it is non-native: Azores, Australia, New Zealand, Mexico, the United States, Hispaniola, and Chile. (GRIN)

Presence:

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Asia Asia	Asia (temperate)	native	U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (year unknown) accessed 20180510 (see details on website)
Asia Asia	Pakistan	native	U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (year unknown) accessed 20180510
Australia Australia	Australia	introduced invasive cultivated	U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (year unknown) accessed 20180510 (website cites as cultivated in some places, but not necessarily here; however, PIER indicates "Ref cites as cultivated?" as TRUE because it is reported to be naturalized [which is also the basis for which the "Ref cites as invasive?" is marked TRUE)
Mexico Mexico	Mexico (United Mexican States)	introduced invasive cultivated	U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (year unknown) accessed 20180510 (website cites as cultivated in some places, but not necessarily here; however, PIER indicates "Ref cites as cultivated?" as TRUE because it is reported to be naturalized [which is also the basis for which the "Ref cites as invasive?" is marked TRUE)
New Zealand New Zealand	New Zealand (country)	introduced invasive cultivated	U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (year unknown) accessed 20180510 (website cites as cultivated in some places, but not necessarily here; however, PIER indicates "Ref cites as cultivated?" as TRUE because it is reported to be naturalized [which is also the basis for which the "Ref cites as invasive?" is marked TRUE)
New Zealand New Zealand	North Island (NZ)		Consortium of Pacific Herbaria (2018)
South America (Pacific rim) South America (Pacific rim)	Chile (Republic of)	introduced invasive cultivated	U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (year unknown) accessed 20180510 (website cites as cultivated in some places, but not necessarily here; however, PIER indicates "Ref cites as cultivated?" as TRUE because it is reported to be naturalized [which is also the basis for which the "Ref cites as invasive?" is marked TRUE)

Also reported from
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Africa Africa	Africa (northern)	native	U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (year unknown) accessed 20180510 (see details on website)
Africa Africa	Azores	introduced invasive cultivated	U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (year unknown) accessed 20180510 (website cites as cultivated in some places, but not necessarily here; however, PIER indicates "Ref cites as cultivated?" as TRUE because it is reported to be naturalized [which is also the basis for which the "Ref cites as invasive?" is marked TRUE)
Africa Africa	Madeira Islands	native	U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (year unknown) accessed 20180510
Canary Islands Canary Islands	Canary Islands	native	U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (year unknown) accessed 20180510
Caribbean Islands Caribbean Islands	Hispaniola	introduced invasive cultivated	U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (year unknown) accessed 20180510 (website cites as cultivated in some places, but not necessarily here; however, PIER indicates "Ref cites as cultivated?" as TRUE because it is reported to be naturalized [which is also the basis for which the "Ref cites as invasive?" is marked TRUE)
Europe Europe	Europe	native	U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (year unknown) accessed 20180510 (see details on website)
North America North America	North America	introduced invasive cultivated	U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (year unknown) accessed 20180510 (website cites as cultivated in some places, but not necessarily here; however, PIER indicates "Ref cites as cultivated?" as TRUE because it is reported to be naturalized [which is also the basis for which the "Ref cites as invasive?" is marked TRUE)
United States of America United States	United States	introduced invasive cultivated	U.S. National Plant Germplasm System (year unknown) accessed 20180510 (website cites as cultivated in some places, but not necessarily here; however, PIER indicates "Ref cites as cultivated?" as TRUE because it is reported to be naturalized [which is also the basis for which the "Ref cites as invasive?" is marked TRUE)

Comments:  Papaver rhoeas L. (Papaveraceae) is cultivated as an ornamental. (GRIN)

Papaver rhoeas L. (Papaveraceae) is considered to be potential seed contaminant. (GRIN)

Papaver rhoeas L. (Papaveraceae) has been reported as established ("naturalized") in the Azores, Australia, New Zealand, Mexico, the United States, Hispaniola, and Chile. (GRIN)

Control:  If you know of control methods for Papaver rhoeas, please let us know.