Panicum bisulcatum Thunb., Poaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  no

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: kang ji

English: blackseed panic, chaff panic, Japanese panicgrass

Habit:  grass

Description:  "Annual, semi-aquatic, decumbent, rooting at the nodes, up to ca 80 cm tall; culms often branching, nodes glabrous.  Leaf sheaths glabrous except for few cilia on one margin upwards; ligules membranous, less than 1 mm long; leaf blades linear, narrowed upwards, apex acute or acuminate, margin flat, 2-15 cm x 0.4-1.3 cm, ± scabrous.  Panicles spreading, up to 20 cm long, primary branches up to 10 cm long, pedicels 0.5-5 mm long, spikelets 2.5-3 mm long; lower glume ca 1/2 as long as spikelets, 3-5-nerved, upper glume ca as long as spikelet, 5-nerved; lower floret sterile, lemma ± as long as upper glume, 5-nerved, palea absent; upper floret bisexual, lemma smooth and shining, margins embracing palea, ca 2 mm long, palea ca as long as lemma" (Stanley & Ross, 1989; vol. 1, p. 192).

Description from GrassBase.

Habitat/ecology:  Along edges of streams (Stanley & Ross, 1989; vol. 1, p. 192).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Asia, Australia, Malesia (GRIN)

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	Australia (continental)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
China China	China (People's Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Indonesia Indonesia	Indonesia (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011) Celebes
Japan Japan	Japan (country)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Vietnam Vietnam	Vietnam (Socialist Republic of)		Waterhouse, D. F. (1993) (pp. 67, 78)

Additional information:
Additional online information about Panicum bisulcatum is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Panicum bisulcatum as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Panicum bisulcatum may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Hafliger, Ernst/Scholz, Hildemar. 1980. Grass weeds, vol. 1. CIBA-GEIGY Ltd., Basle, Switzerland. 142 pp. + plates.

Stanley, T. D./Ross, E. M. 1989. Flora of south-eastern Queensland. Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Misc. Pub. 81020. 3 Volumes.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2011. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. 2011. The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.

Waterhouse, D. F. 1993. The major arthropod pests and weeds of agriculture in Southeast Asia. The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra. 141 pp.

Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong. 2011. Flora of China (online resource).