Paederia cruddasiana Prain, Rubiaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  no

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results:  Evaluate, score: 2 (Go to the risk assessment).

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: chou ji shi teng

English: onion vine, sewervine

Habit:  vine

Description: 

subsp. microcarpa (Kurz) Puff:

"Stems to c. 10 m long, young parts glabrous or a little hairy. Mid-stem leaves ovate-lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 50-160 by (20)30-50(60) mm, rounded to cordate at base, less commonly abruptly narrowed to base, glabrous or only with hair tuft domatia on lower surface; petioles 15-115 mm long; stipules 2.5-6 by 3-5 mm long, broadly triangular, sometimes bifid at tip; leaves associated with inflorescences smaller and often relatively narrower, 20-100 by 2-30 mm, blades more commonly rounded or cuneate at base and less distinctly cordate, petioles c. 2-15 mm, often fallen in late flowering and fruiting stage. Inflorescences often to 50 cm (or more) long; bracts on the ultimate parts linear, very small to minute; partial inflorescences paired, often perpendicular to inflorescence main axis, somewhat congested or slightly elongated and forming scorpioid cymes; peduncles (2)5-30 mm long. Flowers (4)5(6)-merous. Calyx lobes 0.4-1.6(2) mm long, linear-lanceolate, (narrowly) triangular or ovate-triangular, often spreading, glabrous to sparsely hairy. Corolla dirty lilac or pink, dull blueish-white or greyish-mauve and ± densely covered with very short hairs or papillae on the outside, lobes pinkish to whitish inside and throat dark purple or deep crimson, tube broadly cylindrical to occasionally ± funnel-shaped, 9-10 by (1.5)2-4(4.5) mm long, lobes c. 2-4 by 1.5-2.5 mm long. Ovary glabrous or puberulous, crowned by a prominent conical disk; style and stigmas 5-15 mm long. Fruit laterally compressed, elliptic to broadly ovate, 6-9 by 4.5-7 mm; diaspores: seed-bearing part (3.5)4-5.5 by 3-4.5 mm, black, wing 0.6-1 mm wide"  (Flora of Thailand: Rubiaceae online).

Habitat/ecology:  "In or at the edge of mixed deciduous or dry to wet evergreen forest, apparently mostly in limestone areas. Altitude 100-1550 m  (Flora of Thailand: Rubiaceae online).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Myanmar, SW. China, Vietnam (Flora of Thailand: Rubiaceae online).

Presence:

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
China China	China (People's Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Thailand Thailand	Thailand (Kingdom of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Vietnam Vietnam	Vietnam (Socialist Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)

Also reported from
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	USA (Florida)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2011)

Comments:  Planting of this species is prohibited in Miami-Dade County, Florida (U.S.) (Miami-Dade County Dept. of Planning and Zoning, 2010).

Additional information:
Additional online information about Paederia cruddasiana is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Paederia cruddasiana as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Paederia cruddasiana may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Miami-Dade County Dept. of Planning and Zoning. 2010. The landscape manual. Draft ninth edition, August 2010. 249 pp.

U. S. Government. 2011. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) (on-line resource).

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2011. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. 2011. The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.

Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong. 2011. Flora of China (online resource).