Oryza rufipogon Griff., Poaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  no

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: ye sheng dao

English: brownbeard rice, red rice, wild red rice

French: riz rouge sauvage

Spanish: arroz colorado, arroz roja

Habit:  grass

Description:  "A rhizomatous perennial [with] erect to trailing culms which can reach 4.0 m in length.  Leaf sheaths are smooth to somewhat scabrous distally.  The membranous ligule is often lobed and up to 4.3 cm long.  Auricles, 1.0 mm wide at the base, 0.3 mm wide at the tip, and 8.0 mm in length, are usually present.  Leaf blades are up to 2.5 cm wide and 78 cm long.  Inflorescences are up to 33 cm long.  Spikelets are 8.0 to 9.6 mm long and have awns 3.0 to 5.0 cm long.  The individual seeds on an inflorescence ripen at different times and fall over a period of several weeks" (Vandiver et al., 1992).

Description from GrassBase.

Habitat/ecology:  "It occurs in ponds, ditches and other places with stagnant or slow-moving water.  It often grows side by side with cultivated rice, and closely resembles it in vegetative characters" (Holm et al., 1997; p. 536).  Wet areas; particularly a weed of rice (Vandiver et al., 1992).

Propagation:  Seed, rhizomes (Vandiver et al., 1992).

Native range:  Asia, Australia (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	native	Henty, E. E. (1969) (p. 136) Grows as a weed in ricefields and bybridizes freely with cultivated rice; since the grain sheds early, it is difficult to eradicate.
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	Northern Territory	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Australia Australia (continental)	Queensland	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Cambodia Cambodia	Cambodia (Kingdom of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
China China	China (People's Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Indonesia Indonesia	Indonesia (Republic of)		Waterhouse, D. F. (1993) (pp. 67, 78)
Malaysia Malaysia	Malaysia (country of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Taiwan Taiwan	Taiwan Island	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
Thailand Thailand	Thailand (Kingdom of)		Waterhouse, D. F. (1993) (pp. 67, 78)
Vietnam Vietnam	Vietnam (Socialist Republic of)		Waterhouse, D. F. (1993) (pp. 67, 78)

Comments:  Reported to be an invasive plant in southeast Asia (Barbara Waterhouse, pers. com.).

Control:  Controlling invasive wild rice with ACCase-inhibiting herbicides

Additional information:
Information from California Department of Food and Agriculture.

Additional online information about Oryza rufipogon is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Oryza rufipogon as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Oryza rufipogon may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Hafliger, Ernst/Scholz, Hildemar. 1980. Grass weeds, vol. 2. CIBA-GEIGY Ltd., Basle, Switzerland. 137 pp. + plates.

Henty, E. E. 1969. A manual of the grasses of New Guinea. Department of Forests, Division of Botany, Botany Bull. No. 1. Lae, New Guinea. 215 pp.

Holm, Leroy/Doll, Jerry/Holm, Eric/Pancho, Jaun/Herberger, James. 1997. World weeds: natural histories and distribution. John Wiley & Sons. 1129 pp.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2011. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. 2011. The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.

Vandiver, Vernon V., Jr./Hall, David W./Westbrooks, Randy G. 1992. Discovery of Oryza rufipogon (Poaceae: Oryzeae), new to the United States, with its implications. Sida 15(1):105-109.

Waterhouse, D. F. 1993. The major arthropod pests and weeds of agriculture in Southeast Asia. The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra. 141 pp.

Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong. 2011. Flora of China (online resource).