Oenothera laciniata Hill, Onagraceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: lie ye yue jian cao

English: cut-leaved evening primrose

Habit:  herb

Description:  "Taprooted annual herbs; stems erect to procumbent, 0.5-5 dm long, usually branched, strigillose, sparsely villous, and usually glandular pubescent in inflorescence.  Basal leaves oblanceolate, 5-13 cm long, 1-3 cm wide, margins lobed or dentate; cauline leaves narrowly obovate to narrowly elliptic, 2-10 cm long, 0.4-3.5 cm wide, lobed, dentate, or occasionally subentire.  Flowers solitary in the leaf axils, usually only 1 opening each day per stem near sunset; floral tube 1.5-3.5 cm long; sepals with distinct tips 1-3 mm long; petals pale yellow or yellow, broadly obcordate, 0.5-1.3 (-2) cm long; pollen ca. 50% fertile; stigma surrounded by anthers at anthesis.  Capsules 2.5-5 cm long.  Seeds in 2 rows per cell, ellipsoid to subglobose, 0.8-1.8 mm long, the surface pitted.  Self-compatible, autogamous, permanent translocation heterozygote""  (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 1000).

Habitat/ecology:  In Hawai‘i, "naturalized and often locally common in open sites"  (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 1000). In China, "open, disturbed, usually sandy sites, often along coastal areas; near sea level to 400 m" (Flora of China online).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  "Eastern North America, now naturalized in many parts of the world"   (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 1000).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1000) Voucher cited: Univ. of Hawaii Student 98 (BISH)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kure Atoll	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R. (1995) (pp. 22-23) Voucher cited: Saito s.n. (BISH)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kure Atoll	introduced invasive	Starr, Forest/Martz, Kim/Loope, Lloyd (2001) (p. 15) Common over most of the island, especially in open areas and near the coast.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1000)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive	Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim (2012) (p. 89) East Maui. Voucher cited: Starr 110412-1 (BISH)
Japan (offshore islands) Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands	Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands	introduced	Kato, Hidetoshi (2007)
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre	introduced cultivated	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 108) Oenothera aff. laciniata Hill. det. Howard (A). Voucher cited: Veillon 2896 (NOU)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Midway Atoll	Midway Atoll	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 1000)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Midway Atoll	Sand Island	introduced invasive	Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim/Loope, Lloyd (2008) (pp. B-11)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
China China	China (People's Republic of)	introduced	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2011) Fujian
Japan Japan	Japan (country)	introduced	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2011)
Japan Japan	Japan (country)	introduced	Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro (2004) (p. 186) var. laciniata and var. grandiflora (S. Waston) B. L. Rob.
Mexico Mexico	Mexico (United Mexican States)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011) Tamaulipas
Taiwan Taiwan	Taiwan Island	introduced	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2011)
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (California)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2011)

Also reported from
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	United States (other states)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	USA (Florida)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2011)

Additional information:
Additional online information about Oenothera laciniata is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Oenothera laciniata as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Oenothera laciniata may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Kato, Hidetoshi. 2007. Herbarium records of Makino Herbarium, Tokyo Metropolitan University. Personal communication.

MacKee, H. S. 1994. Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 164 p.

Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro. 2004. Invasive alien species in Japan: the status quo and the new regulation for prevention of their adverse effects. Global Environmental Research 8(2)/2004: 171-191.

Starr, Forest/Martz, Kim/Loope, Lloyd. 2001. Botanical inventory of Kure Atoll. United States Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Haleakala Field Station, Hawai‘i. 22 pp.

Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim. 2012. New plant records from Maui and Kaho‘olawe. In: Evenhuis, Neal L. and Eldredge, Lucius G., eds. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2011. Part II: Plants. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. 113:87-90.

Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim/Loope, Lloyd. 2008. Botanical survey of Midway Atoll. Prepared for: United States Fish and Wildlife Service. 27 pp. plus appendices.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2011. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. 2011. The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.

Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R. 1995. Contributions to the Flora of Hawai‘i. IV. New Records and name changes. In: Evenhuis, Neal L. and Miller, Scott, E., eds. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 1994. Part 2: Notes. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. 42:13-27.

Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. 1999. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. Revised edition. Bernice P. Bishop Museum special publication. University of Hawai‘i Press/Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 1919 pp. (two volumes).

Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong. 2011. Flora of China (online resource).