L., Lamiaceae |
|
Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations? no
Common name(s): [more details]
Chinese: la bo he |
English: black peppermint, curly mint, hairy peppermint, mint, peppermint, white peppermint |
French: menthe poivrée |
Japanese: koshou hakka, pepaa minto, seiyou hakka |
Spanish: hierba buena, menta, menta piperita |
Habit: herb
Description: "Rhizomatous perennial herb, the stems glabrous to sparsely pubescent, often purplish; leaves variable, petiolate, the blades 1-6 x 1-3.5 cm, lanceolate-elliptic to oblong-ovate, ovate, or suborbicular, somewhat rugose, cuneate to rounded or cordate at base, sharply acute to apiculate at apex, serrate at margin, pubescent to glabrous; inflorescences spicate to subcapitate, the terminal verticils congested, the basal ones more distant, mostly glabrous except on calyces; calyx 3-4 mm long, tubular, purple and dotted with oil glands, the teeth subequal, ciliate, narrowly acuminate, much shorter than calyx tube at anthesis; corolla 5-6 mm long, glabrous, the tube exserted; stamens small, included; nutlets mostly absent (plants sterile)" (Smith, 1991; p. 234).
Habitat/ecology: "Commonly escaped from cultivation in the temperate parts of the world, occurring along roadsides, streams, and margins of woods, and as a weed in poorly kept fields" (Wiggins & Porter, 1971; pp. 405-406). In Victoria, Australia, naturalized in riparian vegetation and damp sclerophyll forest (Swarbrick & Skarratt, 1994, cited in Csurhes & Edwards, 1998; p. 179).
Propagation: Seed and rhizomes. The seeds are dispersed by water. (Csurhes & Edwards, 1998; p. 179).
Native range: "Indigenous in Europe and now widespread in cultivation" (Smith, 1991; p. 234).
Presence:
Pacific | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Australia (Pacific offshore islands)
Norfolk Islands |
Norfolk Island |
introduced
invasive |
Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1994) (p. 9)
"A garden escape, preferring wet habitats". Vouchers cited: P. Ralston 1 (A), P.S. Green 2417 (K), P.S. Green 2443 (K), W.R. Sykes NI 506 (CHR) |
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Floreana Group |
Floreana Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Isabela Group |
Isabela Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Isabela Group |
Volcán Sierra Negra, Isabela Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
San Cristóbal Group |
San Cristóbal Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Santa Cruz Group |
Santa Cruz Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Santiago Group |
Santiago Island |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Satawan Atoll |
introduced
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 241)
Cult.? |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 234)
Voucher cited: DA 16767 |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Tahiti Island | Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 62) | |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Tahiti Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
var. citrata (J.F. Ehrhart) J.I. Briquet Cultivée |
Kiribati
Kiribati |
Kiribati (Republic of) |
introduced
cultivated |
Thaman, R. R. (1987) (p. 41) |
Nauru
Nauru Island |
Nauru Island |
introduced
cultivated |
Thaman, R. R./Fosberg, F. R./Manner, H. I./Hassall, D. C. (1994) (p. 157) |
Pacific Rim | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
New South Wales |
introduced
invasive |
National Herbarium of New South Wales (2013)
Naturalised |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Australia (continental) |
introduced
invasive |
Csurhes, S./Edwards, R. (1998) (p. 179)
Victoria Isolated naturalized populations |
British Columbia (province of Canada)
Province of British Columbia |
Canada (British Columbia) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013) |
China
China |
China (People's Republic of) |
introduced
cultivated |
Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
Beijing Shi, Nanjing Shi, and other cities. |
Japan
Japan |
Japan |
introduced
|
Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro (2004) (p. 188) |
New Zealand
New Zealand |
New Zealand (country) |
introduced
invasive |
Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 779)
"Streams, rivers, drains and lakes, particularly in still or slow-flowing water. Plants of peppermint are often submerged or partly so and may form dense stands". |
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Chile (Republic of) |
introduced
cultivated |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
United States (west coast)
United States (west coast states) |
USA (Oregon) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013) |
United States (west coast)
United States (west coast states) |
USA (California) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013) |
United States (west coast)
United States (west coast states) |
USA (Washington) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013) |
Also reported from | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Canada
Canada |
Canada |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013) |
United States (continental except west coast)
United States (other states) |
United States (other states) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013) |
United States (continental except west coast)
United States (other states) |
USA (Florida) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013) |
Comments: "Widely cultivated & naturalized" (GRIN).
Control: If you know of control methods for Mentha x piperita, please let us know.