Manihot glaziovii Müll.Arg., Euphorbiaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Other Latin names:  Manihot carthagenensis (Jacq.) Müll. Arg. subsp. glaziovii

Common name(s): [more details]

English: Ceará rubber tree

French: caoutchoutier de Ceará

Spanish: caucho blanco, cauchotero de Ceará

Habit:  tree

Description:  "A small tree, usually 10 meters high or less, with a dense crown, glabrous throughout or nearly so; leaves long-petiolate, membranaceous, green above, glaucous beneath, peltate shortly above the base, deeply 3-5-lobate, about 12 cm long and 16 cm wide, the lobes oblong-obovate or elliptic, rounded, to abruptly short-acuminate at the apex; stipules 4-6 mm long, lance-ovate, acute, denticulate; panicles 7-9 cm long, broadly pyramidal, the bracts 2.5 mm long, lanceolate, the pedicels about 1 cm long, the flowers nutant; calyx glabrous, campanulate, the staminate 5-fid, 9 mm long, green tinged with violet; pistillate calyx 5-parted, 1 cm long; capsule globose, 2 cm in diameter, not winged; seeds 1.5 cm long, 1 cm wide, gray mottled with brown" (Standley & Steyermark, 1949; p. 187).

"Glabrous trees 8-12 m tall. Leaves peltate, lower surface glaucous, 8-20 (-30) cm long, nearly as wide, palmately 3-5-lobed, the lobes obovate to broadly elliptic, margins entire, petioles 10-25 cm long.  Calyx greenish externally, dark purple within at base, yellowish toward apex, 1.5-1.8 cm long.  Capsules subglobose, 2-2.3 cm long, the surface warty" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 625).

Habitat/ecology:  In Hawai‘i, "sparingly naturalized in moist to wet, disturbed areas in mesic to wet forest, 150-300 m" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 625). In New Caledonia, "arbre 20 m, envahissant et dominant en forêt secondaire" (MacKee, 1994; p. 53).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Brazil (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 625).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Weno (Moen) Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 142)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 142)
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	introduced cultivated	Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (p. 384) Present status unknown.
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 142)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 625) Sparingly naturalized.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaua‘i Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 625) Sparingly naturalized.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 625) Sparingly naturalized.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 625) Voucher cited: Garber 29 (BISH) Sparingly naturalized.
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre	introduced invasive	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 53) Vouchers cited: Pancher s.n., Baudouin 365 s.loc., MacKee 38013, MacKee 43927 Spontané

Indian Ocean
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands) Christmas Island Group	Christmas Island	introduced invasive	Swarbrick, J. T. (1997) (p. 119) Naturalized in disturbed marginal rainforest.

Comments:  Reported to be invasive in Singapore (Pallawatta et al., 2003; p. 89).

Additional information:
Information from the World Agroforestry Centre's AgroForestryTree Database.

Additional online information about Manihot glaziovii is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Manihot glaziovii as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Manihot glaziovii may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

Other Latin names:  Manihot carthagenensis (Jacq.) Müll. Arg. subsp. glaziovii

References:

Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce. 1979. A geographical checklist of the Micronesian dicotyledonae. Micronesica 15:1-295.

MacKee, H. S. 1994. Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 164 p.

Pallawatta, Nirmalie/Reaser, Jamie K./Gutierrez, Alixis T./eds. 2003. Invasive alien species in south-southeast Asia: national reports and directory of resources. Global Invasive Species Programme. 111 pp.

Standley, Paul C./Steyermark, Julian A. 1949. Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana: Botany. Vol. 24, Part VI. Chicago Natural History Museum. 440 pp.

Stone, Benjamin C. 1970. The flora of Guam. Micronesica 6:1-659.

Swarbrick, J. T. 1997. Environmental weeds and exotic plants on Christmas Island, Indian Ocean: a report to Parks Australia. 101 pp. plus appendix.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2009. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. 1999. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. Revised edition. Bernice P. Bishop Museum special publication. University of Hawai‘i Press/Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 1919 pp. (two volumes).