(L.) Torr., Malvaceae
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(L.) Torr., Malvaceae |
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Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations? no
Other Latin names: Malva americana L.
Common name(s): [more details]
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English: Indian Valley false mallow |
Habit: herb
Description: "Perennial herbs or subshrubs up to 2 (-3) m tall, densely pubescent, the hairs principally stellate, (5) 6-12-armed, and simple. Leaf blades ovate, 2-8 (-14.5) cm long, sometimes obscurely 3-lobed, margins crenate-dentate, apex acute to acuminate, base subcordate. Flowers in dense terminal spikes up to 10 (-18) cm long, or sometimes solitary, each one subtended by a bifid bract up to 5 (-6) mm long; involucral bracts lanceolate, (4-) 5-7 (-9) mm long, adnate basally to calyx, hispid with simple or bifurcate hairs; calyx 5-6 mm long at anthesis, up to 10 mm long in fruit; corolla yellowish orange, rotate, 12-17 mm in diameter; staminal column 2-3 mm long, stelluate pubescent. Schizocarp reddish brown, (4-) 5-6 mm in diameter, mericarps (9) 10-15 (-18), 1.5-2 mm high, 1.5-2.5 (-3) mm wide, unarmed or sometimes with an obscure ventro-apical mucro and dorso-lateral ribs, dehiscent basally and baso-dorsally, endoglossum usually present. Seeds 1.3-1.7 mm long" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 894).
Habitat/ecology: In Hawai‘i, "reportedly naturalized and locally common in boulder-strewn grass and shrubland, ca. 5 m, at Kaloko (Queen's Beach), O‘ahu" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 894).
Propagation: Seed
Native range: "A pantropical weed occurring from near sea level to over 2,000 m" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 894).
Presence:
| Pacific | |||
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Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
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Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
San Cristóbal Group |
San Cristóbal Island |
introduced
invasive |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
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Ecuador (Galápagos Islands)
Santa Cruz Group |
Santa Cruz Island |
introduced
invasive |
Charles Darwin Foundation (2008) |
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State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Moloka‘i Island |
introduced
invasive |
Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim/Loope, Lloyd (2008) (p. 47)
Voucher cited: Starr, Starr & Naeole 050519-02 (BISH) |
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State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
O‘ahu Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 894)
Voucher cited: K. Nagata 3245 (BH, HLA) |
| Pacific Rim | |||
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Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
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Australia
Australia (continental) |
Australia (continental) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2009) |
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China
China |
China (People's Republic of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2009) |
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Colombia
Colombia |
Colombia (Republic of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2009) |
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Costa Rica
Costa Rica |
Costa Rica (Republic of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2009) |
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Ecuador (Mainland)
Ecuador |
Ecuador (Republic of) (continental) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2009) |
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El Salvador
El Salvador |
El Salvador (Republic of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2009) |
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Guatemala
Guatemala |
Guatemala (Republic of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2009) |
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Honduras
Honduras |
Honduras (Republic of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2009) |
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Indonesia
Indonesia |
Indonesia (Republic of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2009) |
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Mexico
Mexico |
Mexico (United Mexican States) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2009) |
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Nicaragua
Nicaragua |
Nicaragua (Republic of) |
native
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U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2009) |
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Panama
Panama |
Panama (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2009) |
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Perú
Perú |
Perú (Republic of) |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2009) |
Additional information:
Additional online information about Malvastrum americanum is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).
Information about Malvastrum americanum as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).
Taxonomic information about Malvastrum americanum may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
Other Latin names: Malva americana L.
References:
Charles Darwin Foundation. 2008. Database inventory of introduced plant species in the rural and urban zones of Galapagos. Charles Darwin Foundation, Galapagos, Ecuador.
Charles Darwin Research Station. 2005. CDRS Herbarium records.
Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim/Loope, Lloyd. 2008. New plant records from O‘ahu for 2007. In: Evenhuis, Neal L. and Eldredge, Lucias G., eds. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2007. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 100:44-49.
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2009. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. 2009. The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. 1999. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. Revised edition. Bernice P. Bishop Museum special publication. University of Hawai‘i Press/Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 1919 pp. (two volumes).
Wiggins, I. L./Porter, D. M. 1971. Flora of the Galapágos Islands. Stanford University Press. 998 pp.