Ludwigia peruviana (L.) H. Hara, Onagraceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results:  Reject, score: 10 (Go to the risk assessment)

Other Latin names:  Jussiaea grandiflora Ruiz & Pav.; Jussiaea peruviana L.

Common name(s): [more details]

English: Peruvian primrose, Peruvian primrosebush, Peruvian primrosewillow, ludwigia, primrose-willow, water primrose

Habit:  herb

Description:  "A hemispherical perennial wetland shrub to 3 m high, reproducing by seed and, possibly, by suckers. Stems dark green or brownish green, much branched, hairy when young. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, ovate, 5 to 10 cm long, 1 to 3 cm wide, hairy. Flowers yellow, bisexual, 2 to 4 cm diameter, solitary in leaf axils on stalks as long as leaves; sepals 4, pale green, 8 to 12 mm long; petals 4, occasionally 5, 1 to 3 cm long and wide. Fruit an erect capsule. Seed light brown, subglobular, 0.6 to 0.8 mm long, numerous. Root: A woody taproot with laterals close to the surface" (Parsons & Cuthbertson, 1992; pp. 525-526).

"The seed pod of L. peruviana is short and stout copared to the elongated pod of L. octovalvis" (Csurhes & Edwards, 1998; p. 177).

Similar species:  Ludwigia longifolia.

Habitat/ecology:  Forms dense, monotypic stands on shallow, still or slowly flowing streams, marshy areas, and streambanks.

Propagation:  Seeds, dispersed by water movement and ducks (Csurhes & Edwards, 1998; p. 177).

Native range:  Mexico to Argentina and Chile; also cultivated and naturalized (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced invasive	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 210) Vouchers cited: Fosberg 65000, Florence 28882
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) Vouchers cited: W.A. Whistler & M. Guérin 8 (PAP), J.-M. Veillon & M. Guérin 60 (PAP) Adventice
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1985) (voucher ID: BISH 606168) Taxon name on voucher: Ludwigia peruviana (L.) H.Hara

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	New South Wales	introduced invasive	Csurhes, S./Edwards, R. (1998) (p. 177)
Australia Australia (continental)	New South Wales	introduced invasive	National Herbarium of New South Wales (2013) "Naturalized on swampy lake margins, in and around Sydney and spreading from there. Declared noxious weed."
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Costa Rica (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	El Salvador (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Guatemala (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Honduras (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Nicaragua (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Central America Central America (Pacific rim)	Panama (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Indonesia Indonesia	Indonesia (Republic of)	introduced invasive	Csurhes, S./Edwards, R. (1998) (p. 177)
Indonesia Indonesia	Indonesia (Republic of)	introduced invasive	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Naturalized
Malaysia Malaysia	Malaysia (country of)	introduced invasive	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Naturalized
Mexico Mexico	Mexico (United Mexican States)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Chiapas, Oaxaca, Veracruz
Singapore Singapore	Singapore (Republic of)	introduced invasive	Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 57) Naturalised
South America (Pacific rim) South America (Pacific rim)	Chile (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
South America (Pacific rim) South America (Pacific rim)	Colombia	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
South America (Pacific rim) South America (Pacific rim)	Ecuador (Republic of) (continental)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
South America (Pacific rim) South America (Pacific rim)	Perú (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)

Also reported from
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	United States (other states)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013)
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	USA (Florida)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013)

Comments:  Naturalized in Asia, Indonesia, India and North America. A weed in the Dominican Republic (Csurhes & Edwards, 1998; p. 177).

Planting of this species is prohibited in Miami-Dade County, Florida (U.S.) (Miami-Dade County Dept. of Planning and Zoning, 2010).

Control:  If you know of control methods for Ludwigia peruviana, please let us know.