Lophostemon confertus (R.Br.) P.G.Wilson & J.T.Waterhouse, Myrtaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results:  Low risk, score: -3 (Go to the risk assessment)

Other Latin names:  Tristania conferta R. Br.

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: hong jiao mu

English: Brisbane box, Brisbane boxtree, Queensland-box, brush box, red box, vinegar tree

Habit:  tree

Description:  "Trees up to 20 m tall (in Hawai‘i), bark pinkish brown. Leaves alternate, 4-5 in pseudoverticils at the ends of the branchlets, chartaceous, lanceolate, 8-20 cm long, 4-7 cm wide, glabrous, apex acuminate, base cuneate, petioles 1.5-3.5 cm long. Flowers 3-7 in axillary cymes subtended by bud scales or rarely by leaves; sepals subulate, 4-5 mm long, caducous; stamens usually 70 or more per fascicle; style 4-5 mm long. Capsules turbinate to hemispherical, 10-15 mm in diameter. Seeds 2-3 mm long" (Wagner et al., 1999; pp. 963-964).

Habitat/ecology:  In its native range (Australia), widespread and common except in the drier parts of the region, around the edges of rainforest and in most types of eucalypt forests (Stanley and Ross, 1986; vol. 2, pp. 198-199). Commonly planted as a forestry tree in Hawai‘i.

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Queensland and New South Wales, Australia; also cultivated (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 963-964) Forestry plantations.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaua‘i Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 963-964) Forestry plantations.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Lāna‘i Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Oppenheimer, Hank (2007) (p. 28) Voucher cited: Oppenheimer & J. Penniman H50616 (BISH, PTBG)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Oppenheimer, Hank L. (2004) (p. 14) East Maui. Voucher cited: Oppenheimer, J.Q.C. Lau & R. Aguraiuja H60302 (BISH, PTBG) Spreading from plantations.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Moloka‘i Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 963-964) Forestry plantations.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Moloka‘i Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Oppenheimer, Hank (2010) (p. 37) Voucher cited: Oppenheimer H80830 (BISH, PTBG)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 963-964) Forestry plantations and escaping.

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	New South Wales	native	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 963-964)
Australia Australia (continental)	Queensland	native	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 963-964)
China China	China (People's Republic of)	introduced invasive cultivated	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013) Cultivated in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Yunnan.
Singapore Singapore	Singapore (Republic of)	introduced cultivated	Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 57) Cultivated only
Taiwan Taiwan Island	Taiwan Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)

Comments:  Some local naturalizing where planted in Hawai‘i.

Control:  If you know of control methods for Lophostemon confertus, please let us know.