Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: kuan ye mu cao

Habit:  herb

Description:  "Annuals, 1-15 cm tall. Roots fibrous. Stems erect, subquadrangular, sparsely spreading hairy on angles. Leaf blade broadly ovate to orbicular-ovate, 5-12 x 4-8 mm, abaxially glabrous or sparsely hairy only on midrib, base broadly cuneate to cordate, margin shallowly crenate to undulate or acuminate toothed, apex obtuse; veins parallel from base. Inflorescences terminal or axillary subumbels, few flowered. Central flowers sessile or short pedicelled, cleistogamous; other flowers on pedicels ca. 2 cm, sometimes sterile. Calyx ca. 3 mm, lobed to middle or 2/3 of length; lobes ovate to lanceolate-ovate. Corolla violet, rarely blue or white, ca. 7 mm; lower lip spreading flat, 3-lobed; upper lip ovate. Filaments of anterior stamens basally small appendaged. Capsule narrowly ellipsoid, ca. 2 X as long as persistent calyx, apex acuminate. Seeds brown"  (Flora of China online).

"Sprawling or semiprostrate herb...; slender branches minutely pilose on angles; petioles short, mostly 1-2 mm long, the leaf blades ovate to suborbicular, to 2.5 x 2.2 cm, serrate; flowers axillary, solitary, sparse, the pedicels very short, to 1 (-3) mm long; calyx 5-9 mm long, the lobes as long as tube or slightly longer, lanceolate to linear-subulate, with stiff antrorse hairs on margins; corolla 6-8 mm long, white, the upper lip purplish-tinged, the lower lip with yellow hairs; stamens 4, white, all fertile; capsule oblong-cylindric, 8-12 mm long" (Smith, 1991; pp. 80-81).

Habitat/ecology:  In China (native), "edge of rice fields, along streams, wet places; below 1800 m" (Flora of China online).  In Fiji, "occurring from near sea level to about 850 m as a naturalized weed in villages and plantations or on clay banks or forest floor" (Smith, 1991; pp. 80-81).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  "Subtropical Himalayas, India, and Ceylon to Malesia, adventive in other areas such as Fiji." (Smith, 1991; pp. 80-81)).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island	introduced invasive	Smith, Albert C. (1991) (pp. 80-81) Vouchers cited: Smith 9621, DA 14211, Greenwood 1001, DA 11473, DA 6039, Vaughan 3364
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced invasive	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 267) Voucher cited: BRY 25964

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
China China	China (People's Republic of)	native	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2011) Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang
Singapore Singapore	Singapore (Republic of)	introduced invasive	Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 55) Naturalised
Thailand Thailand	Thailand (Kingdom of)	native	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2011)
Vietnam Vietnam	Vietnam (Socialist Republic of)	native	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2011)

Additional information:
Additional online information about Lindernia nummulariifolia is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Lindernia nummulariifolia as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Lindernia nummulariifolia may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. 2009. A checklist of the total vascular plant flora of Singapore: native, naturalised and cultivated species. Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore. 273 pp.

Smith, Albert C. 1991. Flora Vitiensis nova: a new flora of Fiji. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Kauai, Hawaii. Volume 5. 626 pp.

Swarbrick, John T. 1997. Weeds of the Pacific Islands. Technical paper no. 209. South Pacific Commission, Noumea, New Caledonia. 124 pp.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2011. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

Welsh, S. L. 1998. Flora Societensis: A summary revision of the flowering plants of the Society Islands. E.P.S. Inc., Orem, Utah. 420 pp.

Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong. 2011. Flora of China (online resource).