Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill., Plantaginaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  no

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  yes

Risk assessment results:  High risk, score: 17 (Go to the risk assessment)

Other Latin names:  Antirrhinum dalmaticum L.; Linaria genistifolia subsp. dalmatica (L.) Maire & Petitm.

Common name(s): [more details]

English: Balkan toadflax, Dalmatian toadflax, broadleaf toadflax

Habit:  herb

Description:  "Dalmatian toadflax is a short-lived, perennial herb that can grow 3.9 ft. (1.2 m) tall. Leaves are sessile, alternate, entire, 1.2-2.4 in (3-6 cm) long and bluish-green. Flowering occurs in May-September, when bright yellow, snapdragon-like flowers develop. Flowers, including the spur, are 1.4-2 in. (3.5-5 cm) long and occur in racemes at the apex of the stems. Fruits are capsules that are 0.1-0.3 in. (3-7 mm) long. Each capsule contains numerous small, black-brown, ridged seeds."  (Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States).

Habitat/ecology:  In the United States, "plants occur in fields, pastures, roadsides and rangelands"  (Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Southeastern Europe, Turkey, Iran; also cultivated and naturalized elsewhere (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
British Columbia (province of Canada) Province of British Columbia	Canada (British Columbia)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013)
Japan Japan	Japan	introduced	Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro (2004) (p. 189)
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (Oregon)	introduced invasive	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013)
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (California)	introduced invasive	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013)
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (Washington)	introduced invasive	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013)

Also reported from
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Canada Canada	Canada	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013)
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	United States (other states)	introduced invasive	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013)

Control:  If you know of control methods for Linaria dalmatica, please let us know.