Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit, Fabaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Threat only at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results: 

Reject, score: 11 (Go to the risk assessment (Australia))
High risk, score: 15 (Go to the risk assessment (Pacific))

Other Latin names:  Leucaena glauca (L. ex Willd.) Benth.

Common name(s): [more details]

Chamorro: talntangan, tangan-tangan, tangantangan, tangantangan

English: coffee bush, false koa, hedge acacia, horse tamarind, jumbie bean, lead tree, leucaena, white popinac, wild tamarind

Fijian: vaivai, vaivai dina, vaivai ni vavalangi

French: cassi, faux acacia, faux mimosa, graines de lin, l'acacie, mimosa, tamarin cheval

Hawaiian: ēkoa, haole koa, koa haole, lilikoa

Hindi: balori

I-Kiribati: te kaitetua

Kosraean: rohbohtin, tuhngantuhngan

Maori (Cook Islands): mara‘inu, marainu, nītō

Marquesan: atiku

Marshallese: tangan tangan, tangan-tangan

Nauruan: bin

Niuean: pepe, tavahi kaku

Other: cassis, ipel-ipel, namas

Palauan: telengtungd, telentund

Pohnpeian: tangantangan

Samoan: fua pepe, fua pepe, fuapepe, fuapepe, lopa Samoa, lopā samoa, lusina

Spanish: guaje, huaxin, tamarindo silvestre, uaxim

Tongan: siale mohemohe

Yapese: ganitnityuwan, tangantan

Habit:  tree

Description:  "Shrub or small tree, up to 5 (rarely 10) m tall; leaves bipinnate, to 25 cm long; pinnae about 5 (4-9) pairs, up to 8-10 cm long; leaflets about 12 (11-17) pairs, about (7-) 9-12 mm long, 2-3.5 (-4) mm wide, opposite, lanceolate, acute; somewhat dull, grayish-green; flowers in globose, pedunculate heads, to nearly 3 cm thick; peduncles to 5-6 cm long; corolla and stamens white; calyx 2.5 mm long; petals linear; stamens 10, nearly 1 cm long, anthers hairy; ovary faintly pubescent at apex; pods clustered, linear, flat, 10-15 (-20) cm long, 1.8-2 cm wide, dark brown, beaked at apex, with about 20 (1825) seeds, these glossy brown, oval-oblong, flat, 6 mm long" (Stone, 1970; pp. 299-300).

Habitat/ecology:  "This thornless tree forms dense thickets, excluding all plants. It is grown for fodder, but unless severely grazed or controlled, it spreads rampantly throughout adjacent areas" (C.W. Smith, 1985; p. 193).  Generally favors limestone soils (although seems to do well on volcanic soils on Tahiti) and disturbed areas and is found in dry to mesic habitats up to 700 m.  It was deliberately broadcast on several war-disturbed islands after World War II. It also grows in severely disturbed wet areas but not as a dominant species.  In Fiji, "abundantly naturalized from near sea level to about 800 m along roadsides, in cultivated areas and in pastures, on dry river banks or open gravel banks in forest, often forming dense thickets"  (A.C. Smith, 1985; pp. 63-65).  In Hawai‘i, "naturalized and very common, sometimes forming the dominant element of the vegetation, in low elevation, dry, disturbed habitats, 0-350m" (Wagner et al., 1999; pp. 679-680). In New Caledonia, "couvre en fourrés denses monospécifiques des superficies importantes notamment sur la côte Ouest en régions sédimentaires ou basaltiques. Bien que riche en protéines son rôle comme fourrage n'est pas très important. Par contre, il a une valeur réelle contre l'érosion et en améliorant le sol. Il est peu commun en terrain serpentineux, où il reste rabougri et mal venu" (MacKee, 1994; p. 78). "Couvre en fourrés denses monospécifiques des superficies importantes en régions sédimentaires ou basaltiques, notamment sur la côte Ouest où avec la savane à niaoulis ils constituent l'essentiel du paysage" (Gargominy et al., 1996; p. 381).

Propagation:  Prolific seed producer.  It grows easily from seeds.  The seeds are dispersed by rodents and granivorous birds and can also be spread in cattle manure. It regrows from cut stumps and it can be grown from cuttings. It regenerates rapidly from basal shoots after fire.  New seedlings often rapidly re-establish stands after fire or other disturbance (C.W. Smith, 1985; p. 193).

Native range:  Tropical America, but through introductions now virtually pan-tropical. Widely planted and seeded in the Pacific region.

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ofu Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2000) (p. 5)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ofu Island		Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 160)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ofu Island		Whistler, W. A. (1990) (p. 6) Vouchers cited: Whistler 3483, Whistler 3792
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ofu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1976) (voucher ID: BISH 430475) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Olosega Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2000) (p. 5)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Olosega Island		Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 160)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2000) (p. 5)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island		Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 160)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island		Whistler, W. A. (1990) (p. 6) Voucher cited: Yuncker 9108
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1939) (voucher ID: BISH 154883) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena latisiliqua (L.) Gillis & Stearn
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2000) (p. 5)
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island		Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 160)
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1939) (voucher ID: BISH 154882) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena latisiliqua (L.) Gillis & Stearn
Australia (Pacific offshore islands) Norfolk Islands	Norfolk Island	introduced invasive	Csurhes, S./Edwards, R. (1998) (p. 173)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Agrigan (Agrihan) Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 93)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Agrigan (Agrihan) Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (p. 28) Voucher cited: Falanruw 2188 (US)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Aguijan (Agiguan, Aguihan) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1952) (voucher ID: BISH 154907) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena glauca
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Farallon de Medinilla (Marpi, Medinilla) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1996) (voucher ID: BISH 646901) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena glauca
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Pagan Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 93)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Pagan Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (p. 28) Voucher cited: Moore 339 (US)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Pagan Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1977) (p. 29) Voucher cited: Falanruw 3015 (US)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Rota Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 93)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Rota Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 154910) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena glauca
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Rota Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1966) (voucher ID: BISH 660316) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Saipan Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 93)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Saipan Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 154912) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena glauca
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Saipan Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 154913) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena glauca
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Sarigan Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 93)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Sarigan Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (p. 28) Voucher cited: Evans 2407 (US, BISH, Fo, NY)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Sarigan Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1966) (voucher ID: BISH 659793) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Tinian Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 93)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Tinian Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1952) (voucher ID: BISH 154908) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena glauca
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Tinian Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 154911) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena glauca
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Aitutaki Atoll	introduced	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Aitutaki Atoll	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 7)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	‘Atiu Island	introduced	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	‘Atiu Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 7)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Mangaia Island	introduced	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Mangaia Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 7)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Rarotonga Island	introduced	McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Rarotonga Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 7)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Rarotonga Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1929) (voucher ID: BISH 154892) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Floreana Group	Floreana Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Charles Darwin Research Station (2005) infraspecific: 'ssp. glabrata'
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Santa Cruz Group	Santa Cruz Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Charles Darwin Research Station (2005) infraspecific: 'ssp. glabrata'
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Fefan Island	introduced	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Denslow, Julie S./Nelson, Duane/Mazawa, Thomas R. (2000) (p. 28)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Lukunor (Núkúnooch) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 93)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Lukunor (Núkúnooch) Atoll		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1950) (voucher ID: BISH 154920) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Tol Island	introduced	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Denslow, Julie S./Nelson, Duane/Mazawa, Thomas R. (2000) (p. 28)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Weno (Moen) Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 93)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Weno (Moen) Island	introduced	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Denslow, Julie S./Nelson, Duane/Mazawa, Thomas R. (2000) (p. 28)
Federated States of Micronesia Kosrae Island	Kosrae Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 93)
Federated States of Micronesia Kosrae Island	Kosrae Island	introduced invasive	Josekutty, P. C./Wakuk, E. E./Joseph, M. J. (2002) (p. 63)
Federated States of Micronesia Kosrae Island	Kosrae Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1949) (voucher ID: BISH 154918) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 93)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		Glassman, S. F. (1952) (p. 78) Voucher cited: Glassman 2771 (US)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1949) (voucher ID: BISH 154919) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Satawal Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 93)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Satawal Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R. (1969) (p. 8) Voucher cited: Fosberg 46922 (US) One seedling found in forest.
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Ulithi Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 93)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Yap (Waqab) Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 93)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Yap (Waqab) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1948) (voucher ID: BISH 154914) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena glauca
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Yap (Waqab) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1936) (voucher ID: BISH 154915) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena glauca
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Yap (Waqab) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1980) (voucher ID: BISH 659792) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Fiji Fiji Islands	Kandavu Island	introduced invasive	Smith, Albert C. (1985) (pp. 63-65) Voucher cited: Smith 252
Fiji Fiji Islands	Kandavu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1933) (voucher ID: BISH 154925) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Fiji Fiji Islands	Koro Island	introduced invasive	Smith, Albert C. (1985) (pp. 63-65) Voucher cited: Smith 1027
Fiji Fiji Islands	Koro Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1934) (voucher ID: BISH 154924) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Fiji Fiji Islands	Lakemba Island	introduced invasive	Smith, Albert C. (1985) (pp. 63-65) Voucher cited: Garnock-Jones 942
Fiji Fiji Islands	Rotuma Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1938) (voucher ID: BISH 618749) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Fiji Fiji Islands	Taveuni Island	introduced invasive	Smith, Albert C. (1985) (pp. 63-65) Voucher cited: Gillespie 4691
Fiji Fiji Islands	Taveuni Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1928) (voucher ID: BISH 154922) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Fiji Fiji Islands	Vanua Levu Island	introduced invasive	Smith, Albert C. (1985) (pp. 63-65) Vouchers cited: Tothill 131a, DA 10520, DA 10759
Fiji Fiji Islands	Vanua Levu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1925) (voucher ID: BISH 154923) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Fiji Fiji Islands	Vanua Mbalavu Island	introduced invasive	Smith, Albert C. (1985) (pp. 63-65) Voucher cited: DA 10214
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island	introduced invasive	Smith, Albert C. (1985) (pp. 63-65) Vouchers cited: Greenwood 215, Smith 4730, Smith 6041, DA 11324, Smith 9062, Damanu 44, Greenwood 215A, DA 11912, DA 9947, Seeman 141, DA 12234
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1960) (voucher ID: BISH 14450) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1959) (voucher ID: BISH 32858) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1960) (voucher ID: BISH 32859) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1947) (voucher ID: BISH 154926) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1947) (voucher ID: BISH 154928) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1940) (voucher ID: BISH 154929) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1953) (voucher ID: BISH 154930) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Fiji Fiji Islands	Yasawas Island	introduced invasive	Smith, Albert C. (1985) (pp. 63-65) Voucher cited: St. John 18079
Fiji Fiji Islands	Yasawas Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1937) (voucher ID: BISH 154927) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Eiao Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1988) (voucher ID: BISH 601634) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1982) (voucher ID: BISH 555118) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
French Polynesia Society Islands	Bora Bora Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1993) (voucher ID: BISH 658471) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
French Polynesia Society Islands	Huahine Island	introduced invasive	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 154)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Maupiti (Maurua) Island	introduced invasive	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 154) Voucher cited: BRY 25429
French Polynesia Society Islands	Maupiti (Maurua) Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1987) (p. 37) Voucher cited: Fosberg 64858 (US)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Maupiti (Maurua) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1985) (voucher ID: BISH 614930) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island	introduced invasive	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 154)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Mopelia (Mapetia, Maupiha‘a, Maupihoa, Mopiha‘a) Atoll	introduced invasive	Sachet, M.-H. (1983) (p. 28) Voucher cited: Sachet 920 (US)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Raiatea (Havai) Island	introduced invasive	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 154)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Raiatea (Havai) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1982) (voucher ID: BISH 491659) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced invasive	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 154) Vouchers cited: BRY 24844, BRY 25990
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1982) (voucher ID: BISH 493012) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tetiaroa Atoll	introduced cultivated	Sachet, M.-H./Fosberg, F. R. (1983) (p. 64)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tupai (Tubai) Island	introduced invasive	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 154)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tupai (Tubai) Island	introduced invasive	Sachet, M.-H. (1983) (p. 18) Voucher cited: Sachet 1988 (US)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Fangataufa Atoll		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1987) (voucher ID: BISH 664030) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Makatea (Ma‘atea) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1982) (voucher ID: BISH 492823) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Makatea (Ma‘atea) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1982) (voucher ID: BISH 493282) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Niau Atoll		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1990) (voucher ID: BISH 633864) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
French Polynesia Tubuai (Austral) Islands	Rurutu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1983) (voucher ID: BISH 552835) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (pp. 299-300)
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 93)
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1968) (voucher ID: BISH 22998) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1918) (voucher ID: BISH 154902) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena glauca
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1911) (voucher ID: BISH 154903) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena glauca
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (year unknown) (voucher ID: BISH 154904) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena glauca
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 154909) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena glauca
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1964) (voucher ID: BISH 660317) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 679-680)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaho‘olawe Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 679-680)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaua‘i Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 679-680)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Lāna‘i Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 679-680)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 679-680)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Moloka‘i Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 679-680)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Ni‘ihau Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 679-680)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 679-680)
Japan (offshore islands) Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands	Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands	introduced invasive	Toyoda, Takeshi (2003) (p. 283) Naturalized
Japan (offshore islands) Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands	Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands	introduced	Kato, Hidetoshi (2007)
Kiribati Line Islands	Kiritimati (Christmas) Atoll		Chock, Alvin K./Hamilton, Jr., Dean C. (1962) (p. 4) Voucher cited: Fosberg 13249 (BISH)
Kiribati Line Islands	Kiritimati (Christmas) Atoll	introduced invasive	Wester, Lyndon (1985) (p. 24)
Kiribati Line Islands	Tabuaeran (Fanning) Atoll	introduced invasive	Wester, Lyndon (1985) (p. 24)
Kiribati Line Islands	Teraina (Washington) Island	introduced invasive	Wester, Lyndon (1985) (p. 24)
Kiribati Line Islands	Teraina (Washington) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1964) (voucher ID: BISH 51302) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena glauca
Kiribati Line Islands	Teraina (Washington) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1983) (voucher ID: BISH 602831) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Kiribati Line Islands	Teraina (Washington) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1983) (voucher ID: BISH 602832) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Kiribati Phoenix Islands	Kanton Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Stoddart, D. R. (1994) (p. 28) Vouchers cited: Fosberg 30881 (US), Degener & Hateway 21296, Luomala 3, Clapp P-71-14 (US) Introduced with soil and persisting.
Kiribati Phoenix Islands	Kanton Island	introduced	Luomala, Katharine (1951) (p. 172) Voucher cited: Luomala 3
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Abemama Atoll	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. (2004) (p. 10)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Abemama Atoll		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (2003) (voucher ID: BISH 697759) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Butaritari Atoll	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. (2004) (p. 10)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Tarawa Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 93)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Tarawa Atoll	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. (2004) (p. 10)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Bikini (Pikinni) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R. (1988) (p. 12)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Bikini (Pikinni) Atoll		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1985) (voucher ID: BISH 659668) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Ebon (Epoon) Atoll		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 421933) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Enewetak (Ãnewetak) Atoll	introduced invasive	Lamberson, J. O. (1982) (p. 31)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Enewetak (Ãnewetak) Atoll		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1975) (voucher ID: BISH 404909) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Enewetak (Ãnewetak) Atoll		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1975) (voucher ID: BISH 583826) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Jaluit (Jãlwõj) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 93)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Jaluit (Jãlwõj) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1962) (p. 20) Voucher cited: Lyman 8 (US)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Jaluit (Jãlwõj) Atoll		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 154897) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena glauca
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 93)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll	introduced invasive	Whistler, W. A./Steele, O. (1999) (p. 54) Vouchers cited: Fosberg 31176, Whistler 11219
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll	introduced invasive cultivated	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (p. 11) Voucher cited: Fosberg 31176 (US) Persisting after cultivation.
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Ailuk (Aelok) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 93)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Ailuk (Aelok) Atoll	introduced invasive cultivated	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (p. 11) Voucher cited: Fosberg 33972 (US) Persisting after cultivation.
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Ailuk (Aelok) Atoll		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1951) (voucher ID: BISH 154900) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena glauca
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Arno Atoll	introduced invasive	Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2007) (p. 8) "Uncommon; small stands by road near old R&D farm in Arno village, evidence of efforts made to cut trees down".
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Likiep Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 93)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Likiep Atoll	introduced cultivated	Fosberg, F. R. (1959) (p. 5) Voucher cited: Fosberg 36636 (US)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Likiep Atoll		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1956) (voucher ID: BISH 154898) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena glauca
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll	introduced cultivated	Vander Velde, Nancy (2003) (p. 108)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1988) (voucher ID: BISH 606400) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Mejit (Mãjej) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 422026) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Utirik (Utrõk) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 93)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Utirik (Utrõk) Atoll	introduced invasive cultivated	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (p. 11) Voucher cited: Fosberg 33669 (US) Persisting after cultivation.
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Utirik (Utrõk) Atoll		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1951) (voucher ID: BISH 154899) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena glauca
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Utirik (Utrõk) Atoll		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 423087) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Nauru Nauru Island	Nauru Island	introduced invasive	Meyer, Jean-Yves (2000) (p. 99)
Nauru Nauru Island	Nauru Island	introduced invasive	Thaman, R. R./Fosberg, F. R./Manner, H. I./Hassall, D. C. (1994) (pp. 149-150) Vouchers cited: Fosberg 58638 (US), Scully 161N (US), Thaman & Manner 9 (SUVA), Swarbrick 9564 (BRIU)
Nauru Nauru Island	Nauru Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1978) (voucher ID: BISH 438324) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
New Caledonia Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands)	Île Lifou	introduced invasive	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 78) Voucher cited: MacKee 5239
New Caledonia Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands)	Îles Ouvéa (Ouvea Atoll)	introduced invasive	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 78) Voucher cited: Däniker 2013a
New Caledonia Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands)	Île Walpole	introduced invasive	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 78) Hmakone & Sam in MacKee 25853
New Caledonia New Caledonia	New Caledonia Islands	introduced invasive	Meyer, Jean-Yves (2000) (p. 99)
New Caledonia New Caledonia	New Caledonia Islands	introduced invasive	Gargominy, Oliver/Bouchet, Philipe/Pascal, Michel/Jaffre, Tanguy/Tourneu, Jean-Christophe (1996) (p. 381)
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre	introduced invasive	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 78) Vouchers cited: Pancher 6834, Baudouin 372 s.loc., Balansa 313, Schlechter 14737, Franc 681, MacKee 37661
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1949) (voucher ID: BISH 10867) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena glauca
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1949) (voucher ID: BISH 698044) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena glauca
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île des Pins (Isle of Pines)	introduced invasive	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 78) Voucher cited: Denizot s.n.
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive	Sykes, W. R. (1970) (p. 122) Voucher cited: CHR 168726
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive	Whistler, W. A. (1988) (p. 25)
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2000) (p. 5)
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive	Whistler, W. A./Atherton, J. (1997) (p. 35)
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive	Yuncker, T. G. (1943) (pp. 58-59) Voucher cited: Yuncker 9780 (BISH) "Occasional in thickets on the lower terrace near the sea".
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara M./Newfield, Melanie/Bull, Cate (2004) (p. 9)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Angaur Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 88)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Babeldaob Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 85)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Koror Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 93)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Koror Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 81)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Koror Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1950) (voucher ID: BISH 154917) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena glauca
Palau Palau (main island group)	Malakal Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 81)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Ngerkebesang Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 81)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Peleliu Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 90)
Palau Rock Islands	Ngercheu Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 92) Carp Resort
Palau Rock Islands	Ngerchong Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 92)
Palau Sonsorol Group	Sonsorol Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 94)
Papua New Guinea Bismarck Archipelago	Bismarck Archipelago	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)		Waterhouse, D. F. (1997) (p. 62)
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands	Pitcairn Island	introduced invasive	Meyer, Jean-Yves (2000) (p. 103)
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands	Pitcairn Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Paulay, Gustav/Spencer, T./Oliver, Royce (1989) (p. 13) Voucher cited: Paulay, Spencer & Schuster 665 (US)
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Savai‘i Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 7)
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Savai‘i Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1973) (voucher ID: BISH 417652) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 7)
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1968) (voucher ID: BISH 28714) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena latisiliqua (L.) Gillis & Stearn
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1968) (voucher ID: BISH 28948) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena latisiliqua (L.) Gillis & Stearn
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	New Georgia Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1976) (voucher ID: BISH 416663) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands		Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 93)
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands	introduced	Whitmore, T. C. (1969) (p. 261)
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands	introduced invasive cultivated	Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. (1988) (p. 85)
Tonga Ha‘apai Group	Ha‘afeva Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1982) (voucher ID: BISH 640312) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Tonga Ha‘apai Group	Ha‘ano Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 73)
Tonga Ha‘apai Group	Lifuka and Foa Islands	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 73)
Tonga Ha‘apai Group	Nomuka Island	introduced invasive	Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (pp. 129-130) Voucher cited: Yuncker 15851
Tonga Ha‘apai Group	‘Uiha Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 73)
Tonga Tonga Islands	Tonga Islands	introduced invasive	Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (pp. 129-130) "Throughout Tonga".
Tonga Tongatapu Group	‘Eua Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 61)
Tonga Tongatapu Group	‘Eua Island	introduced invasive	Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (pp. 129-130) Voucher cited: Yuncker 15625
Tonga Tongatapu Group	‘Eua Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1953) (voucher ID: BISH 154877) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena glauca
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 54)
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island		Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 30) Voucher cited: Soakai 826
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island	introduced invasive	Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (pp. 129-130) Voucher cited: Yuncker 15013
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1926) (voucher ID: BISH 154880) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1960) (voucher ID: BISH 154881) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1959) (voucher ID: BISH 403402) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1959) (voucher ID: BISH 698043) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Vava‘u Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 67)
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Vava‘u Island	introduced invasive	Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (pp. 129-130) Voucher cited: Yuncker 16145
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Vava‘u Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1953) (voucher ID: BISH 154876) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena glauca
Tuvalu Tuvalu (Ellis) Islands	Tuvalu Islands		Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 93)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Midway Atoll	Midway Atoll	introduced invasive cultivated	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 679-680)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Palmyra Atoll	Palmyra Atoll	introduced invasive	Wester, Lyndon (1985) (p. 24)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Palmyra Atoll	Palmyra Atoll		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1987) (voucher ID: BISH 573549) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Wake Islands	Wake Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 93)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Wake Islands	Wake Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1969) (p. 10)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Wake Islands	Wake Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1993) (voucher ID: BISH 633246) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Wake Islands	Wake Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1994) (voucher ID: BISH 659970) Taxon name on voucher: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit
Vanuatu New Hebrides Islands	Vanuatu (Republic of)		Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 93)
Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands	Wallis and Futuna Islands		Whistler, W. A. (1988) (p. 25)
Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands	Wallis and Futuna Islands	introduced invasive	Meyer, Jean-Yves (2000) (p. 107) Secondary vegetation.

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	New South Wales	introduced invasive	Australian Biological Resources Study (2007)
Australia Australia (continental)	Northern Territory	introduced invasive cultivated	Csurhes, S./Edwards, R. (1998) (p. 173)
Australia Australia (continental)	Northern Territory	introduced invasive	Australian Biological Resources Study (2007)
Australia Australia (continental)	Queensland	introduced invasive cultivated	Csurhes, S./Edwards, R. (1998) (p. 173)
Australia Australia (continental)	Queensland	introduced invasive	Australian Biological Resources Study (2007)
Cambodia Cambodia	Cambodia (Kingdom of)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Chile (continental) Chile	Chile (Republic of)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
China China	China (People's Republic of)	uncertain if native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Colombia Colombia	Colombia (Republic of)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Costa Rica Costa Rica	Costa Rica (Republic of)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
El Salvador El Salvador	El Salvador (Republic of)	uncertain if native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Guatemala Guatemala	Guatemala (Republic of)	uncertain if native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Honduras Honduras	Honduras (Republic of)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Indonesia Indonesia	Indonesia (Republic of)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Indonesia Indonesia	Irian Jaya (West Papua) (Indonesia) (western New Guinea Island)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Japan Japan	Japan (country)	introduced invasive	Cronk, Q. C. B./Fuller, J. L. (2001) (p. 165)
Japan Ryukyu Islands	Ryukyu Islands	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Malaysia Malaysia	Malaysia (country of)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Mexico Mexico	Mexico (United Mexican States)	uncertain if native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Nicaragua Nicaragua	Nicaragua (Republic of)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Panama Panama	Panama (Republic of)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Perú Perú	Perú (Republic of)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Taiwan Taiwan	Taiwan Island	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Thailand Thailand	Thailand (Kingdom of)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Vietnam Vietnam	Vietnam (Socialist Republic of)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)

Indian Ocean
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands) Christmas Island Group	Christmas Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Swarbrick, J. T. (1997) (pp. 43-44, 118)
Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands) Cocos (Keeling) Islands	Cocos (Keeling) Islands	introduced invasive	Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1993) (p. 37)
British Indian Ocean Territory Chagos Archipelago	Chagos Archipelago	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
British Indian Ocean Territory Chagos Archipelago	Diego Garcia Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Topp, J. M. W. (1988) (p. 6)