Leonurus japonicus (PIER species info)

Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)

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Leonurus japonicus
Houtt., Lamiaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands? yes

Threat only at high elevations? no

Risk assessment results: Reject, score: 9 (Go to the risk assessment)

Other Latin names: Leonurus sibiricus L.

Common name(s): [more details]

English: Chinese motherwort, honeyweed, motherwort, Siberian motherwort

Maori (Cook Islands): vavai tara

Habit: herb

Description: "Annual or short-lived perennial herbs; stems 4-angled and furrowed, 5-15 dm long, puberulent to glabrate. Leaves variable, lower ones broadly ovate to deltate in outline, 5-11 cm long, 4-6.5 cm wide, deeply palmately lobed, upper leaves gradually reduced in size and with fewer and smaller lobes, those of the inflorescence linear, unlobed, both surfaces puberulent, petioles 2-4 cm long. Flowers sessile, in dense verticillasters, bracteoles linear, up to ca. 7 mm long, spinose; calyx turbinate, 4-5 mm long, enlarging to 6-7 mm long in fruit, glabrous to sparsely puberulent, the teeth subulate; corolla white, pink or reddish, 10-15 mm long, puberulent, upper lobe obovate, pubescent on outer side. Nutlets brown, ellipsoid, ca. 2 mm long" (Wagner et al., 1999; pp. 803-804).

Habitat/ecology: In Hawai‘i, "naturalized in relatively dry areas, especially pastures, 40-600 m elevation" (Wagner et al., 1999; pp. 803-804). In Niue, "locally fairly common now in waste places in and near the villages" (Sykes, 1970; p. 103). In Tonga, "occasional as a dooryard and waste-area weed" (Yuncker, 1959; p. 234). In New Caledonia, "répandu comme mauvaise herbe, surtout aux îles, mais rarement abondante" (MacKee, 1994; p. 68).

Propagation: Seed

Native range: Temperate Asia, now widely naturalized in the tropics and subtropics.

Presence:

Pacific

Country/Terr./St. &
Island group Location Cited status &
Cited as invasive &
Cited as cultivated &
Cited as aboriginal introduction? Reference &
Comments

Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands Aitutaki Atoll introduced
invasive
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 75)

Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands Aitutaki Atoll Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1969) (voucher ID: BISH 81937)
Taxon name on voucher: Leonurus sibiricus L.

Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands Mangaia Island McCormack, Gerald (2007)

Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands Mangaia Island introduced
invasive
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 87)

Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands Mangaia Island Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1928) (voucher ID: BISH 150646)
Taxon name on voucher: Leonurus sibiricus L.

Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands Ma‘uke Island McCormack, Gerald (2007)

Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands Ma‘uke Island introduced
invasive
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 92)

Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands Miti‘aro Island McCormack, Gerald (2007)

Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands Miti‘aro Island introduced
invasive
Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 98)

Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands Rarotonga Island McCormack, Gerald (2007)

Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands Rarotonga Island Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1929) (voucher ID: BISH 150647)
Taxon name on voucher: Leonurus sibiricus L.

Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands Rarotonga Island Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1929) (voucher ID: BISH 150648)
Taxon name on voucher: Leonurus sibiricus L.

French Polynesia
Society Islands Moorea Island introduced
invasive
Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 128)
Voucher cited: H.M. Smith 123

French Polynesia
Society Islands Moorea Island Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1967) (voucher ID: BISH 150645)
Taxon name on voucher: Leonurus sibiricus L.

French Polynesia
Society Islands Tahiti Island introduced
invasive
Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 128)
Voucher cited: Leland et al. 17

French Polynesia
Society Islands Tahiti Island Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1909) (voucher ID: BISH 150643)
Taxon name on voucher: Leonurus sibiricus L.

French Polynesia
Tuamotu Archipelago Niau Atoll Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1990) (voucher ID: BISH 642079)
Taxon name on voucher: Leonurus sibiricus L.

French Polynesia
Tubuai (Austral) Islands Rurutu Island Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1983) (voucher ID: BISH 553161)
Taxon name on voucher: Leonurus sibiricus L.

French Polynesia
Tubuai (Austral) Islands Tubuai (Austral) Islands introduced
invasive
Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 218)

State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands Hawai‘i (Big) Island introduced
invasive
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 803-805)

State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands Kaua‘i Island introduced
invasive
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 803-805)

State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands Maui Island introduced
invasive
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 803-805)

State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands Moloka‘i Island introduced
invasive
Wydong, Michael/Hughes, Guy/Wood, K. R. (2007) (p. 5)
Voucher cited: Wysong 754 (BISH). The plants that were found were pulled.

State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands O‘ahu Island introduced
invasive
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 803-805)
Voucher cited: Faurie 891 (BISH)

New Caledonia
Îles Bélep (Belep Islands) Île Pott introduced
invasive
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 68)
Voucher cited: Veillon 3748

New Caledonia
Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands) Île Lifou introduced
invasive
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 68)
Voucher cited: Sarasin 827 (Z), MacKee 5202

New Caledonia
Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands) Île Maré introduced
invasive
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 68)
Voucher cited: Sarasin 515 (Z)

New Caledonia
New Caledonia New Caledonia Islands introduced
invasive
Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 218)

New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago Île Grande Terre introduced
invasive
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 68)
Vouchers cited: Grunow s.n. s.loc. (W), Schlechter 14898, Franc 1372 s.loc., Däniker 16 (Z), MacKee 11858

New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago Île Grande Terre Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1992) (voucher ID: BISH 654880)
Taxon name on voucher: Leonurus sibiricus L.

New Caledonia
New Caledonia Archipelago Île des Pins (Isle of Pines) introduced
invasive
MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 68)
Voucher cited: Déméné in MacKee 19735

Niue
Niue Niue Island introduced
invasive
Sykes, W. R. (1970) (p. 103)
Vouchers cited: CHR 169932, CHR 169933

Niue
Niue Niue Island introduced
invasive
Yuncker, T. G. (1943) (p. 103)
Voucher cited: Yuncker 9683 (BISH)
"Occasional along roadsides and in waste areas".

Niue
Niue Niue Island introduced
invasive
Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara M./Newfield, Melanie/Bull, Cate (2004) (p. Voucher specimen submitted for determination.)
Specimen collected: BMW 7076 (BISH, CHR, BRI)

Palau
Palau (main island group) Koror Island introduced
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 241)

Tonga
Ha‘apai Group Ha‘ano Island Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1959) (voucher ID: BISH 41182)
Taxon name on voucher: Leonurus sibiricus L.

Tonga
Ha‘apai Group Ha‘apai Islands Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 38)
Voucher cited: Soakai 308

Tonga
Tonga Islands Tonga Islands introduced
invasive
Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 218)

Tonga
Tonga Islands Tonga Islands Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 93)

Tonga
Tongatapu Group ‘Eua Island Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 38)
Vouchers cited: Lawrence 338, Soakai 398, Soakai 939 (EI)

Tonga
Tongatapu Group ‘Eua Island introduced
invasive
Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 234)
Voucher cited: Yuncker 15423

Tonga
Tongatapu Group ‘Eua Island Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1967) (voucher ID: BISH 22275)
Taxon name on voucher: Leonurus sibiricus L.

Tonga
Tongatapu Group ‘Eua Island Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1959) (voucher ID: BISH 41263)
Taxon name on voucher: Leonurus sibiricus L.

Tonga
Tongatapu Group ‘Eua Island Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1959) (voucher ID: BISH 41358)
Taxon name on voucher: Leonurus sibiricus L.

Tonga
Tongatapu Group ‘Eua Island Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1953) (voucher ID: BISH 150641)
Taxon name on voucher: Leonurus sibiricus L.

Tonga
Tongatapu Group ‘Eua Island Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1979) (voucher ID: BISH 618347)
Taxon name on voucher: Leonurus sibiricus L.

Tonga
Tongatapu Group Tongatapu Island Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 38)
Vouchers cited: Lawrence 61, Soakai 166, Soakai 621

Tonga
Tongatapu Group Tongatapu Island introduced
invasive
Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 234)
Voucher cited: Yuncker 15119

Tonga
Tongatapu Group Tongatapu Island Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1958) (voucher ID: BISH 41305)
Taxon name on voucher: Leonurus sibiricus L.

Tonga
Tongatapu Group Tongatapu Island Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1953) (voucher ID: BISH 150640)
Taxon name on voucher: Leonurus sibiricus L.

Pacific Rim

Country/Terr./St. &
Island group Location Cited status &
Cited as invasive &
Cited as cultivated &
Cited as aboriginal introduction? Reference &
Comments

Cambodia
Cambodia Cambodia (Kingdom of) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)

China
China China (People's Republic of) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)

Guatemala
Guatemala Guatemala (Republic of) Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (pp. 211-212)

Indonesia
Indonesia Indonesia (Republic of) Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (pp. 211-212)

Japan
Japan Japan (country) Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (pp. 211-212)

North Korea
North Korea North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)

South Korea
South Korea South Korea (Republic of) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)

Malaysia
Malaysia Malaysia (country of) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)

Taiwan
Taiwan Taiwan Island Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (pp. 211-212)

Thailand
Thailand Thailand (Kingdom of) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)

Vietnam
Vietnam Vietnam (Socialist Republic of) native
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)

Indian Ocean

Country/Terr./St. &
Island group Location Cited status &
Cited as invasive &
Cited as cultivated &
Cited as aboriginal introduction? Reference &
Comments

Mauritius
Mautitius Islands (Mauritius and Rodrigues) Mauritius Island Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (pp. 211-212)

Additional information: Additional online information about Leonurus japonicus is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Taxonomic information about Leonurus japonicus may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1909. Voucher specimen #BISH 150643 (B.Leland 17).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1928. Voucher specimen #BISH 150646 (Graham, J. 1).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1929. Voucher specimen #BISH 150647 (Wilder, G.P. 705).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1929. Voucher specimen #BISH 150648 (Parks, H.E. 22300).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1953. Voucher specimen #BISH 150640 (Yuncker, T.G. 15119).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1953. Voucher specimen #BISH 150641 (Yuncker, T.G. 15423).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1958. Voucher specimen #BISH 41305 (Lawrence, E. 61).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1959. Voucher specimen #BISH 41182 (Soakai, E. 308).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1959. Voucher specimen #BISH 41263 (Lawrence, E. 338).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1959. Voucher specimen #BISH 41358 (Soakai, E. 398).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1967. Voucher specimen #BISH 22275 (Bristol, M.L. 1901).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1967. Voucher specimen #BISH 150645 (Smith, H.M. 123).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1969. Voucher specimen #BISH 81937 (Stoddart, D.R. 2313).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1979. Voucher specimen #BISH 618347 (N.L.H.Krauss 1619).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1983. Voucher specimen #BISH 553161 (Florence, J. 5559).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1990. Voucher specimen #BISH 642079 (Florence 10195).

Bishop Museum (Honolulu). 1992. Voucher specimen #BISH 654880 (Koyama, H. 8029).

Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce. 1979. A geographical checklist of the Micronesian dicotyledonae. Micronesica 15:1-295.

Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 391 pp.

MacKee, H. S. 1994. Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 164 p.

McCormack, Gerald. 2007. Cook Islands biodiversity and natural heritage. On-line database.

Smith, Albert C. 1991. Flora Vitiensis nova: a new flora of Fiji. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai, Kauai, Hawaii. Volume 5. 626 pp.

Space, James C./Flynn, Tim. 2002. Report to the Government of the Cook Islands on invasive plant species of environmental concern. USDA Forest Service, Honolulu. 146 pp.

Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara M./Newfield, Melanie/Bull, Cate. 2004. Report to the Government of Niue and the United Nations Development Programme: Invasive plant species on Niue following Cyclone Heta. UNDP NIU/98/G31 - Niue Enabling Activity. 80 pp.

Swarbrick, John T. 1997. Weeds of the Pacific Islands. Technical paper no. 209. South Pacific Commission, Noumea, New Caledonia. 124 pp.

Sykes, W. R. 1970. Contributions to the flora of Niue. New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Bulletin 200, Wellington. 321 pp.

U. S. Government. 2006. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) (on-line resource).

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2007. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. 1999. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. Revised edition. Bernice P. Bishop Museum special publication. University of Hawai‘i Press/Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 1919 pp. (two volumes).

Welsh, S. L. 1998. Flora Societensis: A summary revision of the flowering plants of the Society Islands. E.P.S. Inc., Orem, Utah. 420 pp.

Whistler, W. A. 1988. Checklist of the weed flora of western Polynesia. Technical Paper No. 194, South Pacific Commission, Noumea, New Caledonia. 69 pp.

Whistler, W. A. 1992. Flora of Tonga [unpublished checklist]. 107 pp.

Wydong, Michael/Hughes, Guy/Wood, K. R. 2007. New Hawaiian plant records for the island of Moloka‘i. In: Evenhuis, Neal L. and Eldredge, Lucias G., eds. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2006. Part 2: Notes. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 96:1-8.

Yuncker, T. G. 1943. The flora of Niue Island. Bishop Mus. Bull. 178. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 126 pp.

Yuncker, T. G. 1959. Plants of Tonga. Bishop Museum Bull. 220. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. 343 pp.

Need more info? Have questions? Comments? Information to contribute? Contact PIER! (pier@hear.org)

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This page was created on 1 JAN 1999 and was last updated on 19 OCT 2006.

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Aitutaki Atoll	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 75)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Aitutaki Atoll		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1969) (voucher ID: BISH 81937) Taxon name on voucher: Leonurus sibiricus L.
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Mangaia Island		McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Mangaia Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 87)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Mangaia Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1928) (voucher ID: BISH 150646) Taxon name on voucher: Leonurus sibiricus L.
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Ma‘uke Island		McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Ma‘uke Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 92)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Miti‘aro Island		McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Miti‘aro Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 98)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Rarotonga Island		McCormack, Gerald (2007)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Rarotonga Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1929) (voucher ID: BISH 150647) Taxon name on voucher: Leonurus sibiricus L.
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Rarotonga Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1929) (voucher ID: BISH 150648) Taxon name on voucher: Leonurus sibiricus L.
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island	introduced invasive	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 128) Voucher cited: H.M. Smith 123
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1967) (voucher ID: BISH 150645) Taxon name on voucher: Leonurus sibiricus L.
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced invasive	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 128) Voucher cited: Leland et al. 17
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1909) (voucher ID: BISH 150643) Taxon name on voucher: Leonurus sibiricus L.
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Niau Atoll		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1990) (voucher ID: BISH 642079) Taxon name on voucher: Leonurus sibiricus L.
French Polynesia Tubuai (Austral) Islands	Rurutu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1983) (voucher ID: BISH 553161) Taxon name on voucher: Leonurus sibiricus L.
French Polynesia Tubuai (Austral) Islands	Tubuai (Austral) Islands	introduced invasive	Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 218)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 803-805)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaua‘i Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 803-805)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 803-805)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Moloka‘i Island	introduced invasive	Wydong, Michael/Hughes, Guy/Wood, K. R. (2007) (p. 5) Voucher cited: Wysong 754 (BISH). The plants that were found were pulled.
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 803-805) Voucher cited: Faurie 891 (BISH)
New Caledonia Îles Bélep (Belep Islands)	Île Pott	introduced invasive	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 68) Voucher cited: Veillon 3748
New Caledonia Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands)	Île Lifou	introduced invasive	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 68) Voucher cited: Sarasin 827 (Z), MacKee 5202
New Caledonia Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands)	Île Maré	introduced invasive	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 68) Voucher cited: Sarasin 515 (Z)
New Caledonia New Caledonia	New Caledonia Islands	introduced invasive	Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 218)
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre	introduced invasive	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 68) Vouchers cited: Grunow s.n. s.loc. (W), Schlechter 14898, Franc 1372 s.loc., Däniker 16 (Z), MacKee 11858
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1992) (voucher ID: BISH 654880) Taxon name on voucher: Leonurus sibiricus L.
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île des Pins (Isle of Pines)	introduced invasive	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 68) Voucher cited: Déméné in MacKee 19735
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive	Sykes, W. R. (1970) (p. 103) Vouchers cited: CHR 169932, CHR 169933
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive	Yuncker, T. G. (1943) (p. 103) Voucher cited: Yuncker 9683 (BISH) "Occasional along roadsides and in waste areas".
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara M./Newfield, Melanie/Bull, Cate (2004) (p. Voucher specimen submitted for determination.) Specimen collected: BMW 7076 (BISH, CHR, BRI)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Koror Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 241)
Tonga Ha‘apai Group	Ha‘ano Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1959) (voucher ID: BISH 41182) Taxon name on voucher: Leonurus sibiricus L.
Tonga Ha‘apai Group	Ha‘apai Islands		Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 38) Voucher cited: Soakai 308
Tonga Tonga Islands	Tonga Islands	introduced invasive	Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 218)
Tonga Tonga Islands	Tonga Islands		Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 93)
Tonga Tongatapu Group	‘Eua Island		Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 38) Vouchers cited: Lawrence 338, Soakai 398, Soakai 939 (EI)
Tonga Tongatapu Group	‘Eua Island	introduced invasive	Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 234) Voucher cited: Yuncker 15423
Tonga Tongatapu Group	‘Eua Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1967) (voucher ID: BISH 22275) Taxon name on voucher: Leonurus sibiricus L.
Tonga Tongatapu Group	‘Eua Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1959) (voucher ID: BISH 41263) Taxon name on voucher: Leonurus sibiricus L.
Tonga Tongatapu Group	‘Eua Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1959) (voucher ID: BISH 41358) Taxon name on voucher: Leonurus sibiricus L.
Tonga Tongatapu Group	‘Eua Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1953) (voucher ID: BISH 150641) Taxon name on voucher: Leonurus sibiricus L.
Tonga Tongatapu Group	‘Eua Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1979) (voucher ID: BISH 618347) Taxon name on voucher: Leonurus sibiricus L.
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island		Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 38) Vouchers cited: Lawrence 61, Soakai 166, Soakai 621
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island	introduced invasive	Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 234) Voucher cited: Yuncker 15119
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1958) (voucher ID: BISH 41305) Taxon name on voucher: Leonurus sibiricus L.
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1953) (voucher ID: BISH 150640) Taxon name on voucher: Leonurus sibiricus L.

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Cambodia Cambodia	Cambodia (Kingdom of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
China China	China (People's Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Guatemala Guatemala	Guatemala (Republic of)		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (pp. 211-212)
Indonesia Indonesia	Indonesia (Republic of)		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (pp. 211-212)
Japan Japan	Japan (country)		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (pp. 211-212)
North Korea North Korea	North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
South Korea South Korea	South Korea (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Malaysia Malaysia	Malaysia (country of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Taiwan Taiwan	Taiwan Island		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (pp. 211-212)
Thailand Thailand	Thailand (Kingdom of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)
Vietnam Vietnam	Vietnam (Socialist Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2007)

Indian Ocean
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Mauritius Mautitius Islands (Mauritius and Rodrigues)	Mauritius Island		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (pp. 211-212)