Lardizabala biternata Ruiz & Pav., Lardizabalaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Common name(s): [more details]

English: zabala fruit

Spanish: cóguil, coguilera, coquil, voqui, voqui blanco

Habit:  vine

Description: 

Genus:  Los flores dióicas; las femeninas solitarias, las masculinas racimosas.  Sépalos i pétalos 6.  Estambres 6, con los filamentos unidos en tubo.  los frutos (coguil) son bayos ovalados-redondos de un verde amarillento; son comestibles"

Species:  Las dos brácteas en la base de las flores o inflorescencias son acorazonadas, ovaladas i desiguales en sus lados.  Las hojas biternadas (o tambien triternadas?) con la hojuela intermedia aovada, a veces obcordada, las laterales mas pequeñas, todas peladas, enteras, of festonadas o trilobuladas.  Altura del tallo 2-3 m"  (Reich, 1896; vol. 1, pp. 28-29).

Habitat/ecology:  "In Chile this species grows in the following environmental conditions: Medium altitude up to the timber line; low altitude, interior valleys; coastal mountains, 500-2000 m. Humid areas, with almost constant rainfall, short dry periods are possible (generally not longer than 1 month); somewhat dry areas where the drought may last 3-5 months, precipitation of 400-800 mm concentrated in winter. Some shadow, some protection against direct sunlight, some shadow from vegetation, filtering about 20-40% of light; in shadow, steep slopes facing south or a vegetation cover which filters 40-80% of light; in deep shadow, deep ravines facing south with additional shadow from trees, or where there is a very dense vegetation cover which gives 80-100% shadow (for instance, the Valdivian forests)"  (Chileflora).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Chile (TROPICOS and Chileflora).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island)	introduced invasive	Skottsberg, Carl (1953) (p. 218)
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island)	introduced invasive cultivated	Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John (2011)
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island)	introduced invasive	Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido (2006) (p. 554)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Chile (continental) Chile	Chile (Republic of)	native	Belov, Michail (2011)

Additional information:
Photos and other information from Chileflora.

Additional online information about Lardizabala biternata is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Lardizabala biternata as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Lardizabala biternata may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John. 2011. Naturalized species in the Juan Fernández Archipelago, Chile. Unpublished spreadsheet.

Belov, Michail. 2011. Chileflora (online resource).

Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido. 2006. Nouveau catalogue de la flore vaculaire de l'archipel Juan Fernández (Chile) [Nuevo catálogo de la flora vacular del Archipélago Juan Fernández (Chile)]. Acta Bot. Gallica 153(4):399-587.

Missouri Botanical Garden. 2011. TROPICOS. Online searchable database.

Reich, Cárlos. 1896. Flora de Chile. Imprenta Cervantes, Santiago. 6 volumes.

Skottsberg, Carl. 1953. The natural history of Juan Fernandez and Easter Island. Vol. II, Botany. Almqvist &l; Wiksells, Uppsala. 960 pp.