L., Asteraceae |
|
Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations? yes
Other Latin names: Lapsana grandiflora M. Bieb; Lapsana intermedia M. Bieb; Lapsana ramosissima Boiss.
Common name(s): [more details]
English: common nipplewort, hawk's-beard, nipplewort |
French: lampsane commune |
Habit: herb
Description:
Genus: "Slender annual or perennial herbs with milky sap; stems usually unbranched in lower part, branched above. Leaves simple, alternate, entire or lobed. Heads several to numerous in corymbose or paniculate inflorescences, each head on a long peduncle, florets all of ray type; involucral bracts in 2 series, outer ones few in number and small, inner ones ca. 8, subequal, keeled at base; receptacle naked; florets 8-5 per head, perfect, rays yellow, rarely white; pappus absent. Achenes fusiform, slightly compressed, with ca. 20 longitudinal ribs".
Species: "Hirsute to subglabrous annual herbs 1.5-15 dm tall. Leaves ovate, 2.5-10 cm long, 2-7 cm wide, with a few large teeth or lobes especially toward base, margins dentate, petiolate, becoming sessile above. Involucre 5-8 mm high, inner bracts linear-oblong, outer bracts ovate to lanceolate. Achenes 2-5 (-9) mm long, outer ones much longer than inner ones, 18-30-nerved, but 5-6 of them more conspicuous, glabrous" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 331).
"Annual herb. Stems erect, branched above, finely ribbed, with fine crisped eglandular hairs especially below, 15-100-(150) cm tall. Leaves glabrous or sparsely to densely hairy; margins ciliate. Rosette and lower stem leaves petiolate, lyrate-pinnatifid; terminal lobe large, broadly ovate to deltoid to orbicular, bluntly dentate, (1.5)-3-8 x (1.5)-3-8 cm; lateral lobes in (0)-1-3 pairs, the distal pair = or < width of terminal lobe, the proximal pairs successively smaller, all dentate. Upper leaves undivided, becoming sessile, linear-lanceolate to ovate, sharply dentate to serrate, smaller than lower leaves. Capitula in diffuse corymbose panicles; peduncles > 2x length of involucre. Involucre 5-8 mm long; bracts glabrous except for ciliate apex, strongly veined or keeled, erecto-patent; outer bracts 1-1.5 mm long. Florets few, c. 1.5x length of involucre; corolla yellow; tube < ligule. Achenes fusiform, glabrous, pale, c. 20-ribbed, 3-5 mm long; pappus 0" (Webb et al., 1988; p. 337).
Habitat/ecology: In Hawaii, "naturalized in relatively wet, disturbed areas such as disturbed wet forest, 950-3,230 m" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 331). In New Zealand, "roadsides, tracksides, forest margins and under introduced trees, waste land, cultivated land" (Webb et al., 1988; p. 337). In North America, "Mesic woods, sheltered waste areas, roadsides, stream banks; 50-1900 m. It is aggressively weedy and often found in shady disturbed sites" (Flora of North America online). "In Chile this species grows in the following environmental conditions: Low altitude, interior valleys; coastal mountains, 500-2000 m; coastal areas, 0-500 m. Humid areas, with almost constant rainfall, short dry periods are possible (generally not longer than 1 month); somewhat dry areas where the drought may last 3-5 months, precipitations of 400-800 mm. are concentrated in winter. Fully exposed to the sun, level areas or slopes facing north; some shadow, some protection against direct sunlight, some shadow from vegetation, filtering about 20-40% of light (Chileflora).
Propagation: Seed
Native range: Europe and southern and western Asia; naturalized elsewhere (GRIN).
Presence:
Pacific | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island) |
introduced
invasive |
Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John (2011) |
Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island) |
introduced
invasive |
Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido (2006) (p. 554) |
Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Más Afuera (Alejandro Selkirk Island) |
introduced
invasive |
Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John (2011) |
Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Más Afuera (Alejandro Selkirk Island) |
introduced
invasive |
Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido (2006) (p. 554) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Hawaii (Big) Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 331) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Maui Island |
introduced
invasive |
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 331)
Voucher cited: Brigham et al. s.n. (BISH) |
New Zealand (offshore islands)
Kermadec Islands |
Kermadec Islands |
introduced
invasive |
Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 337) |
Pacific Rim | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
New South Wales |
introduced
invasive |
National Herbarium of New South Wales (2013)
"Grows on roadsides and cultivated areas". |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Australia (continental) |
introduced
invasive |
National Herbarium of New South Wales (2013)
South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria Naturalised |
British Columbia (province of Canada)
Province of British Columbia |
Canada (British Columbia) |
introduced
|
Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. (2013) |
Japan
Japan |
Japan |
introduced
|
Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro (2004) (p. 190) |
New Zealand
New Zealand |
New Zealand (country) |
introduced
invasive |
Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 337) |
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Chile (Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Chile (Republic of) |
introduced
|
Belov, Michail (2013) |
United States (west coast)
United States (west coast states) |
USA (Oregon) |
introduced
|
Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. (2013) |
United States (west coast)
United States (west coast states) |
USA (California) |
introduced
|
Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. (2013) |
United States (west coast)
United States (west coast states) |
USA (Washington) |
introduced
|
Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. (2013) |
Indian Ocean | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
La Réunion (France)
La Réunion Island |
La Réunion Island |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
Also reported from | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Canada
Canada |
Canada |
introduced
|
Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. (2013)
Ont., Que., Sask. |
United States (continental except west coast)
United States (other states) |
United States (other states) |
introduced
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013) |
Control: If you know of control methods for Lapsana communis, please let us know.