Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers., Crassulaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results:  Reject, score: 16 (Go to the risk assessment).

Other Latin names:  Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken; Crassula pinnata L. f.

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: lao di sheng gen

Chuukese: peekoonia

English: air plant, Canterbury bells, cathedral bells, life plant, Mexican love plant, miracle plant, mother-of-thousands, resurrection plant

Fijian: bulatawamudu, thakamana, thakomana

French: gros pourpier clochette, herbe tortue, kalanchoé penné, mangé-tortue, soudefafe

Hawaiian: ‘oliwa ku kahakai

I-Kiribati: te ang

Maori (Cook Islands): ngāngā‘ere toka

Marshallese: jemata, kibilia

Mokilese: lamalam

Niuean: akau tupu he lau, tupu he lau, tupu noa

Other: glou-glou

Pingelapan: seh lamelan

Samoan: mimiti, pagi

Spanish: hoja del aire

Tongan: pipi vao, ta‘e kosi

Tuvaluan: luna

Habit:  succulent

Description:  "Glabrous, ± glaucous perennial herbs; stems hollow, 5-20 dm long, rarely branched, producing vegetatively by adventitious shoots from base.  Lower and uppermost leaves simple, the middle ones usually pinnately compound with 3-5 leaflets, opposite, blades flat, elliptic, 5-20 cm long, 2-10 cm wide, margins crenate, sometimes producing bulbils, petioles 2-10 cm long.  Flowers in paniculate cymes 20-80 cm long, each one pendent on pedicels 1-2.5 cm long; sepals pale yellow, streaked with red, connate, cylindrical, inflated and papery, the tube 2.5-4.5 cm long, the lobes ca 1 cm long; corolla 3-6 cm long, the exserted part maroon, sparsely glandular pubescent"  (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 568).

"Herbacée crassulescente atteignant 2 m de hauteur, reconnaissable à ses feuilles épaisses, ovales, à marges dentées, à ses inflorescences dressées à fleurs pendantes de couleur verdâtre, jaunâtre ou rougeâtre" (Meyer, 2008; p. 33).

Habitat/ecology:  "Forms dense stands in disturbed mesic and dry natural areas"  (Motooka et al., 2003).  In Hawai‘i, "naturalized and sometimes very abundant in low elevation, dry to mesic, disturbed areas" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 568).  On Guam, "often found naturalized near beaches" (Stone, 1970; p. 291).  In Fiji, "often forming colonies, occurring from near sea level to  an elevation of 550 m as a weed of waste places and cultivated fields and along roadsides, naturalized on rocky coasts and slopes and sometimes in dry forest"  (Smith, 1985; p. 36). In Tonga, "occasional in sandy or rocky areas near the sea" (Yuncker, 1959; p. 123). In New Caledonia, "rare aujourd'hui dans les jardins mais parfois abondamment naturalisé" (MacKee, 1994; p. 272).  "A weedy plant in open rocky places" (Wiggins & Porter, 1971; pp. 559-560). In open, disturbed areas in the arid lowlands and moist uplands of the Galápagos Islands (McMullen, 1999; p. 272).

Propagation:  Vegetatively, from plantlets and bulbils that form along the leaf margins and drop to the ground.

Native range:  Africa and India, Indian Ocean islands.

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Olosega Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2000) (pp. 5, 13)
American Samoa Swain's Island	Swain's Island	introduced invasive	Whistler, W. A. (1983) (p. 10) Vouchers cited: Whistler 3410, Bryan 928, Bryan 1360, Diefenderfer 9, Diefenderfer 15, Diefenderfer s.n.
American Samoa Swain's Island	Swain's Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1976) (voucher ID: BISH 430250) Taxon name on voucher: Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2000) (pp. 5, 12) Voucher: Flynn 6569 (PTBG)
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island	invasive	Setchell, William Albert (1924) (pp. 92-93)
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1999) (voucher ID: PTBG 290) Taxon name on voucher: Kalanchoe pinnata
Australia (Pacific offshore islands) Lord Howe Island	Lord Howe Island	introduced	Pickard, J. (1984) (p. 206)
Australia (Pacific offshore islands) Lord Howe Island	Lord Howe Island	introduced invasive	Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1994) (p. 19) "A garden escape, resistant to desiccation, which forms dense patches; spreading readily by rooting at nodes and also by producing plantlets on leaf margins which drop off and root". Vouchers cited: A.C. Beauglehole 5847 (MEL), A.N. Rodd 3577 (NSW)
Chile (offshore islands) Rapa Nui (Easter) Island	Rapa Nui (Easter) Island (Isla de Pasqua)	introduced invasive cultivated	Meyer, Jean-Yves (2008) (pp. 33, 42) "Nous l’avons observée plantée dans les parterres de fleurs de la CONAF à Mataveri et à Orongo (Photo 84), dans les jardins de Hanga Roa, et quelques formations denses en bordure de route à Vaitea et à Vinapu" (Meyer, 2008; p. 33).
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island)	introduced invasive cultivated	Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John (2011)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Rota Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 86-87)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Saipan Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 86-87)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Tinian Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 86-87)
Cook Islands Northern Cook Islands	Rakahanga Atoll		McCormack, Gerald (2011)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Aitutaki Atoll	introduced cultivated	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 10)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Mangaia Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 10)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Rarotonga Island	cultivated	McCormack, Gerald (2011)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Rarotonga Island	introduced cultivated	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2002) (p. 10)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Rarotonga Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1929) (voucher ID: BISH 139982) Taxon name on voucher: Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Floreana Group	Floreana Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Isabela Group	Isabela Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Isabela Group	Volcán Sierra Negra, Isabela Island	introduced cultivated	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) San Cristóbal Group	San Cristóbal Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Ecuador (Galápagos Islands) Santa Cruz Group	Santa Cruz Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Charles Darwin Foundation (2008)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Puluwat (Pwonowót) Atoll	introduced invasive cultivated	Manner, H. I./Mallon, E. (1989) (p. 47) Voucher cited: Manner & Mallon 217 (GUAM)
Federated States of Micronesia Kosrae Island	Kosrae Island	introduced cultivated	Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy (2010) (p. 15) Potentially invasive.
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Mokil Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 86-87)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Nukuoro Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 86-87)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Nukuoro Atoll		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2005) (voucher ID: PTBG 46118) Taxon name on voucher: Kalanchoe pinnata
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pingelap Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 86-87)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 86-87)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island		Glassman, S. F. (1952) (p. 56) Vouchers cited: Takamatsu 937 (BISH), Glassman 2798 (US)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	introduced invasive	Herrera, Katherine/Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy/Balick, Michael J. (2010) (p. 81) Vouchers cited: M.J. Balick 4256 (NY, PTBG), M.J. Balick 4295 (NY, PTBG), F.R. Fosberg 26189 (BISH), S.F. Glassman 2798 (BISH), H. St. John 21482 (BISH), M. Takamatsu 937 (BISH), Trauernicht 130 (NY, PTBG) Invasive
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Yap (Waqab) Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 86-87)
Fiji Fiji Islands	Taveuni Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Smith, Albert C. (1985) (p. 36) Voucher cited: Smith, 8109
Fiji Fiji Islands	Taveuni Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1953) (voucher ID: BISH 696904) Taxon name on voucher: Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken
Fiji Fiji Islands	Thithia Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Smith, Albert C. (1985) (p. 36) Voucher cited: Bryan 561
Fiji Fiji Islands	Thithia Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1924) (voucher ID: BISH 139992) Taxon name on voucher: Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken
Fiji Fiji Islands	Thithia Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1924) (voucher ID: BISH 139993) Taxon name on voucher: Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken
Fiji Fiji Islands	Vanua Levu Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Smith, Albert C. (1985) (p. 36) Voucher cited: DA 16878
Fiji Fiji Islands	Vanua Levu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1969) (voucher ID: BISH 33759) Taxon name on voucher: Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Smith, Albert C. (1985) (p. 36) Vouchers cited: DA 14779, Greenwood 782, DA 10270, Tabualewa 15618, DA 11862, H.B.R. Parham 11, DA 11045
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1966) (voucher ID: BISH 33758) Taxon name on voucher: Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1941) (voucher ID: BISH 139994) Taxon name on voucher: Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken
French Polynesia Gambier Islands	Mangareva (Gambier) Island	introduced	St. John, Harold (1988) (p. 15) Voucher cited: St. John 14573 (BISH)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hiva Oa Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2008)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2008)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Voucher cited: J. Florence 7305 (PAP) Naturalisée, menace pour la biodiversité.
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Nuku Hiva (Nukahiva) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1986) (voucher ID: BISH 547483) Taxon name on voucher: Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers.
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2008)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Huka (Huahuna, Uahuka) Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (2003) (voucher ID: PTBG 40996) Taxon name on voucher: Kalanchoe pinnata
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Pou (Huapu, Uapou, Uapu) Island	introduced invasive	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2008)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Pou (Huapu, Uapou, Uapu) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Voucher cited: S.P. Perlman, K.R. Wood & J.-P. Kautai 15937 (PAP) Naturalisée. Menace pour la biodiversité.
French Polynesia Society Islands	Huahine Island		Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 33)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island	introduced	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 89) Voucher cited: H.M. Smith 39
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1967) (voucher ID: BISH 22332) Taxon name on voucher: Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken
French Polynesia Society Islands	Raiatea (Havai) Island	introduced	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 89) Voucher cited: Moore 781
French Polynesia Society Islands	Taha‘a Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Voucher cited: J. Florence 5243 (PAP) Naturalisée, menace pour la biodiversité.
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 89) Voucher cited: Setchell & Parks 71
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Voucher cited: J. Florence 7772 (PAP) Ornementale commune, rarement subspontanée. Menace pour la biodiversité.
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Makatea (Ma‘atea) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Voucher cited: J. Florence 4046 (PAP) Naturalisée, menace pour la biodiversité.
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Makatea (Ma‘atea) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1982) (voucher ID: BISH 491611) Taxon name on voucher: Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers.
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Niau Atoll	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Voucher cited: J. Florence 10145 (PAP) Naturalisée, menace pour la biodiversité.
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Niau Atoll		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1990) (voucher ID: BISH 633910) Taxon name on voucher: Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers.
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Takapoto Atoll	introduced cultivated	Sachet, M-H. (1983) (p. 22)
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Raivavae (Raevavae) Island	introduced invasive	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Vouchers cited: J. Florence 5594 (PAP), J. Florence & W.R. Sykes 11262 (PAP), J. Florence & W.R. Sykes 11383 (PAP) Naturalisée, menace pour la biodiversité.
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Raivavae (Raevavae) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1934) (voucher ID: BISH 404090) Taxon name on voucher: Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers.
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Raivavae (Raevavae) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1983) (voucher ID: BISH 553153) Taxon name on voucher: Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers.
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Raivavae (Raevavae) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1992) (voucher ID: BISH 643218) Taxon name on voucher: Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers.
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Raivavae (Raevavae) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1992) (voucher ID: BISH 644235) Taxon name on voucher: Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers.
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rimatara (Rimitara) Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1934) (voucher ID: BISH 405543) Taxon name on voucher: Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers.
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rurutu Island	introduced invasive	Meyer, Jean-Yves (2000) (p. 93) "Mesic uplands"
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Rurutu Island	introduced	Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2011) Voucher cited: J. Florence 5953 (PAP) Naturalisée. Menace pour la biodiversité.
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Tubuai Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1934) (voucher ID: BISH 405550) Taxon name on voucher: Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers.
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Tubuai Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1934) (voucher ID: BISH 405551) Taxon name on voucher: Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers.
French Polynesia Austral (Tubuai) Islands	Tubuai Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1934) (voucher ID: BISH 696922) Taxon name on voucher: Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers.
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (p. 291)
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 86-87)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 568)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Kaua‘i Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 568)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Lāna‘i Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 568)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 568)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Moloka‘i Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 568)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 568)
Japan (offshore islands) Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands	Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands	introduced invasive	Toyoda, Takeshi (2003) (p. 286) Naturalized
Japan (offshore islands) Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands	Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands	introduced	Kato, Hidetoshi (2007)
Japan (offshore islands) Marcus Island	Marcus Island (Minami Tori Shima)	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 86-87)
Kiribati Line Islands	Tabuaeran (Fanning) Atoll	introduced cultivated	Wester, Lyndon (1985) (p. 23) Persists in abandoned gardens.
Kiribati Line Islands	Tabuaeran (Fanning) Atoll		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1972) (voucher ID: BISH 80542) Taxon name on voucher: Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers.
Kiribati Line Islands	Tabuaeran (Fanning) Atoll		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1982) (voucher ID: BISH 602671) Taxon name on voucher: Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers.
Kiribati Line Islands	Tabuaeran (Fanning) Atoll		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1982) (voucher ID: BISH 602672) Taxon name on voucher: Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers.
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Abemama Atoll	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. (2004) (p. 9) Voucher: Imada 2003-167 (BISH 697778)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Abemama Atoll		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (2003) (voucher ID: BISH 697778) Taxon name on voucher: Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Butaritari Atoll	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. (2004) (p. 9) Voucher: Imada 2003-51 (BISH 697666)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Butaritari Atoll		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (2003) (voucher ID: BISH 697666) Taxon name on voucher: Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Maiana Atoll	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. (2004) (p. 9) Voucher: Imada 2003-95 (BISH 697710)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Maiana Atoll		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (2003) (voucher ID: BISH 697710) Taxon name on voucher: Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Tabiteuea Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 86-87)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Tarawa Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 86-87)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Tarawa Atoll	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. (2004) (p. 9) Voucher cited: Imada 2003-185 (BISH 697796)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Tarawa Atoll		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1967) (voucher ID: BISH 453044) Taxon name on voucher: Kalanchoe tubiflora (Harv.) Raym.-Hamet
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Tarawa Atoll		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (2003) (voucher ID: BISH 697796) Taxon name on voucher: Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Ebon (Epoon) Atoll		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 424124) Taxon name on voucher: Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers.
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Jaluit (Jãlwõj) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 86-87)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Jaluit (Jãlwõj) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1962) (p. 18) Vouchers cited: St. John 21665 (BISH), Fosberg 26752 (US)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Jaluit (Jãlwõj) Atoll		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 38914) Taxon name on voucher: Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers.
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Jaluit (Jãlwõj) Atoll		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1946) (voucher ID: BISH 421909) Taxon name on voucher: Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers.
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 86-87)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll	introduced cultivated	Whistler, W. A./Steele, O. (1999) (p. 100)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Arno Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 86-87)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Arno Atoll		Anderson, Donald (1951) (p. i) Voucher cited: Anderson 3732
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Arno Atoll		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1950) (voucher ID: BISH 139996) Taxon name on voucher: Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers.
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Likiep Atoll	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 86-87)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Likiep Atoll	introduced cultivated	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (p. 10) Voucher cited: Fosberg 33850 (US)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll	introduced cultivated	Vander Velde, Nancy (2003) (p. 86)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Mili (Mile) Atoll	introduced invasive	Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2010) (p. A13) Uncommon; growing ruderally in one area of Nallo, the name of the area where it was found was "Kiblia" or 'rebellious', the name Fosberg reported for this species from Jaluit. Voucher 0724201011 (BISH, GUAM, PTBG)
Nauru Nauru Island	Nauru Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 86-87)
Nauru Nauru Island	Nauru Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Thaman, R. R./Fosberg, F. R./Manner, H. I./Hassall, D. C. (1994) (p. 120)
New Caledonia Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands)	Îles Ouvéa (Ouvea Atoll)	introduced invasive cultivated	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 42) Vouchers cited: Däniker 2865 (Z), MacKee 18878
New Caledonia Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands)	Île Tiga	introduced invasive cultivated	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 42) Voucher cited: MacKee 45953
New Caledonia New Caledonia	New Caledonia Islands	introduced invasive	Gargominy, Oliver/Bouchet, Philipe/Pascal, Michel/Jaffre, Tanguy/Tourneu, Jean-Christophe (1996) (p. 380) Localement abondante.
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre	introduced invasive cultivated	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 42) Vouchers cited: Däniker 154 (Z), Mme. Leenhardt s.n. s.loc., Baumann 11523
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île des Pins (Isle of Pines)	introduced invasive cultivated	MacKee, H. S. (1994) (p. 42) Voucher cited: MacKee 5019
New Zealand (offshore islands) Kermadec Islands	Raoul Island	introduced invasive	Sykes, W. R. (1977) (pp. 101-102)
New Zealand (offshore islands) Kermadec Islands	Raoul Island	introduced invasive	Sykes, W. R./West, C. J. (1996) (p. 459)
New Zealand (offshore islands) Kermadec Islands	Raoul Island	introduced invasive	Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 569) "Behind beach on volcanic sand and in light shade of forest, forming dense stands on open ground".
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive	Sykes, W. R. (1970) (p. 75) Vouchers cited: CHR 168851, CHR 168852
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive	Whistler, W. A. (1988) (p. 15)
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2000) (p. 34)
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Whistler, W. A./Atherton, J. (1997) (p. 30)
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive	Yuncker, T. G. (1943) (pp. 57-58) Voucher cited: Yuncker 9784 (BISH) "Introduced but now well established and abundant, especially on coral rocks near the sea".
Niue Niue	Niue Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara M./Newfield, Melanie/Bull, Cate (2004) (p. 10)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Babeldaob Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (pp. 15, 84)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Koror Island	introduced cultivated	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (pp. 15, 79)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Malakal Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (pp. 15, 79)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Ngercheu Island	introduced cultivated	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (pp. 15, 92) Carp Resort.
Palau Palau (main island group)	Ngerkebesang Island	introduced cultivated	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (pp. 15, 79)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Peleliu Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 86-87) Presence not verified.
Palau Sonsorol Group	Sonsorol Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (pp. 86-87)
Palau Sonsorol Group	Sonsorol Island	introduced invasive	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 94)
Palau Sonsorol Group	Sonsorol Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1992) (voucher ID: BISH 625527) Taxon name on voucher: Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers.
Palau Sonsorol Group	Sonsorol Island		Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1968) (voucher ID: BNM 298) Taxon name on voucher: Kalanchoe pinnata
Papua New Guinea Bismarck Archipelago	Bismarck Archipelago	cultivated	Peekel, P. G. [translated by E. E. Henty] (1984) (p. 199) In gardens of the natives.
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands	introduced invasive cultivated abo. intro.	Merrill, Elmer D. (1923) (p. 217) In open settled areas, dry second-growth forests, etc., sometimes planted; locally abundant. Of prehistoric introduction.
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Upolu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1929) (voucher ID: BISH 139991) Taxon name on voucher: Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands	introduced invasive	Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. (1988) (p. 52)
Tonga Ha‘apai Group	Ha‘ano Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 10)
Tonga Ha‘apai Group	Lifuka and Foa Islands	introduced invasive cultivated	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 10)
Tonga Ha‘apai Group	‘Uiha Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 10)
Tonga Tonga Islands	Tonga Islands	introduced invasive	Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 123) "Throughout Tonga".
Tonga Tongatapu Group	‘Eua Island	introduced cultivated	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 10)
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island	introduced invasive cultivated	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2001) (p. 10)
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island	introduced invasive	Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (p. 123) Voucher cited: Yuncker 15173
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1953) (voucher ID: BISH 139988) Taxon name on voucher: Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1926) (voucher ID: BISH 139990) Taxon name on voucher: Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Niuatoputapu Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1976) (voucher ID: BISH 456037) Taxon name on voucher: Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers.
Tuvalu Tuvalu (Ellis) Islands	Nui Atoll		Woodroffe, C. D. (1985) (p. 12) Voucher cited: Woodroffe 138 (CHR)
Tuvalu Tuvalu (Ellis) Islands	Tuvalu Islands		Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 89)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Midway Atoll	Sand Island	introduced invasive	Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim/Loope, Lloyd (2008) (pp. B-10)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Wake Islands	Wake Island	introduced cultivated	Fosberg, F. R. (1959) (p. 14) Potted plants seen in 1952.
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Wake Islands	Wake Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1969) (p. 9) Persisting from cultivation.
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Wake Islands	Wake Island		Bishop Museum (Honolulu) (1994) (voucher ID: BISH 659999) Taxon name on voucher: Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken
Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands	Wallis (‘Uvea) Island	introduced cultivated	Meyer, Jean-Yves (2007) (pp. 13, 33) As Kalanchoe cf. pinnata

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	Australia (continental)	introduced invasive	Weber, Ewald (2003) (p. 76)
Australia Australia (continental)	Queensland	introduced invasive	Queensland Herbarium (2002) (p. 2)
China China	China (People's Republic of)	introduced invasive cultivated	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2011)
China China	Hong Kong	introduced invasive cultivated	Wu, Te-lin (2001) (p. 122) Ornamental; cultivated or naturalized.
Japan Japan	Japan (country)	introduced	Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro (2004) (p. 184)
Singapore Singapore	Singapore (Republic of)	introduced invasive	Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 52) Casual

Indian Ocean
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands) Cocos (Keeling) Islands	Cocos (Keeling) Islands	introduced invasive	Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1993) (p. 37)
British Indian Ocean Territory Chagos Archipelago	Diego Garcia Island		Stoddart, D. R./Taylor, J. D., eds. (1971) (p. 150) Vouchers cited: Stoddart 763 (K, US), Rhyne 439 (US), Rhyne 660 (US)
British Indian Ocean Territory Chagos Archipelago	Diego Garcia Island	introduced invasive	Whistler, W. Arthur (1996) (p. 27)
British Indian Ocean Territory Chagos Archipelago	Diego Garcia Island		National Tropical Botanical Garden (U.S.A. Hawaii. Kalaheo.) (1995) (voucher ID: PTBG 37871) Taxon name on voucher: Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers.
La Réunion (France) La Réunion Island	La Réunion Island	introduced invasive	MacDonald, I. A. W./Thebaud, C./Strahm, W. A./Strasberg, D. (1991) (pp. 51-61)
La Réunion (France) La Réunion Island	La Réunion Island	introduced invasive	Lavergne, Christophe (2006) "Naturalisé/envahissant"
Maldives Maldive Islands	Addu Atoll		Spicer, R. A./Newberry, D. MacC. (1979) (p. 12)
Maldives Maldive Islands	Maldive Islands		Fosberg, F. R. (1957) (p. 19) "Very sparsely through the group".
Maldives Maldive Islands	Malè Atoll		Fosberg, F. R. (1957) (p. 19) Voucher cited: Fosberg 36823 (US)
Mauritius Mautitius Islands (Mauritius and Rodrigues)	Mauritius Island		Holm, Leroy/Pancho, Juan V./Herberger, James P./Plucknett, Donald L. (1979) (p. 57)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Agalega Island	introduced	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Stoddart, D. R. (1983) (p. 119) Voucher cited: Stoddart 7243 (US)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Alphonse Island		Robertson, I. A. D./Robertson, S. A./Fosberg, F. R. (1983) (p. 180) Voucher cited: Robertson 2863 (K)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Coetivy Island		Robertson, S. A./Fosberg, F. R. (1983) (p. 148) Voucher cited: Robertson 3082 (K)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Cousin Island	introduced invasive	Fosberg, F. R. (1983) (p. 26) "Very abundant almost everywhere in lowlands, especially on old stone walls and in small openings in woods. Voucher cited: Fosberg 52109 (US)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	D'Arros Island		Stoddart, D. R./Coe, M. J./Fosberg, F. R. (1979) (p. 22) Vouchers cited: Gwynne & Wood 1014 (EA), Stoddart 7187 (US)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Marie-Louise Island		Wilson, J. R. (1983) (p. 190)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Platte Island		Robertson, S. A./Fosberg, F. R. (1983) (p. 160) Voucher cited: Robertson 3038 (K)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Poivre Island		Robertson, S. A./Fosberg, F. R. (1983) (p. 169) Voucher cited: Robertson 2350 (K)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	St. Joseph Island		Stoddart, D. R./Coe, M. J./Fosberg, F. R. (1979) (p. 45) Voucher cited: Stoddart 7135 (US)

Also reported from
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	USA (Florida)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2011)

Comments:  Invasive on Rurutu, French Polynesia (Austral Islands) (Meyer, 2000; p. 93). Naturalized and spreading in forested areas on 'Uiha, Tonga.

Control:  "La lutte manuelle par arrachage des plants et une lutte chimique par traitement des tiges et des feuilles avec un herbicide à base de glyphosate sont réalisables" (Meyer, 2008; p. 33).

Physical:  "Apparently cannot withstand trampling by animals, it thrives in pastures only on rock piles and on fence lines" 

Chemical: "Susceptible to 2,4-D and probably other hormone-type herbicides. Katie Cassel (Kōke‘e Museum) reported effective control with drizzle application of glyphosate at 10% product in water" (Motooka et al., 2003).

Additional information:
Excerpt from the book "Weeds of Hawaii‘s Pastures and Natural Areas; An Identification and Management Guide" (Motooka et al., 2003). (PDF format).
Fact sheet from the Government of Queensland, Australia. (PDF format).

Additional online information about Kalanchoe pinnata is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Kalanchoe pinnata as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Kalanchoe pinnata may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

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