Isachne globosa (Thunb.) Kuntze, Poaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Risk assessment results:  Reject, score: 18 (Go to the risk assessment)

Common name(s): [more details]

Chinese: liu ye ruo

English: swamp millet

Habit:  grass

Description:  "Annual or short-lived perennial; culms 5-60 cm tall, erect or decumbent and rooting at the lower nodes, the internodes cylindrical, hollow, glabrous, the nodes glabrous or pilose.  Sheaths rounded, usually glabrous, one margin ciliate, the collar usually glabrous, sometimes pubescent; ligule 1-3 mm long; blades 2-8 cm long, 4-14 mm wide, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, flat, acuminate, scabrous, sometimes pubescent on one or both surfaces, the margin scabrous. Panicle 3-12 cm long, the branches ascending to widely spreading, glabrous or scabrous, the pedicels with glandular spots or bands, the pulvini glabrous.  Spikelets 1.8-2.5 mm long, subglobose, obtuse, green or purplish; lower glume 1.6-2.4 mm long, ovate, obtuse, (5)-7-9 nerved, usually scabrous in the upper half sometimes with a few setae, the margin broadly hyaline; upper glume 1.4-2.1 mm long, slightly shorter than the lower, nearly orbicular, obtuse to emarginate, 7-11-nerved, usually scabrous in the upper half, the margin broadly hyaline; lower floret staminate, nearly membranous, 1.8-2.6 mm long, 0.9-1.3 mm wide, distinctly longer than the upper floret, broadly elliptic, glabrous, grooved on the back; upper floret pistillate, indurate, 1.4-2.4 mm long, 0.9-1.3 mm wide, broadly elliptic to ovate-elliptic, densely puberulent, stigmas purple; anthers 1.2-1.8 mm long; caryopsis suborbicular in outline, plano-convex, 1.0-1.1 mm long, 0.9-1.0 mm wide, dark reddish brown" (Dassanayake, 1994; pp. 265-266).

"Semiprostrate, with erect flowering culms 15-90 cm high; sheaths fairly loose, the leaf blades tapering to a rounded apex, the margins scabrous; panicle compact, 6-8 cm long, the racemes 6-18 mm long; spikelets rounded, the glumes ciliate along margins and nerves" (Smith, 1979; pp. 364-365).

Description from GrassBase.

Habitat/ecology:  In Fiji, "noted at only two localities at very diverse elevations, 800 m and sea level respectively.  At the higher elevation the species was found in open, sunny, swampy ground near a creek" (Smith, 1979; pp. 364-365).  In Sri Lanka, "in marshy habitats, rice fields, stream banks, ditches, from sea level to 1,800 m elevation" (Dassanayake, 1994; pp. 265-266).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Eastern Asia (Smith, 1979; pp. 364-365). Fosberg et al. (1987; p. 45) list as native in Micronesia.

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Dublon (Tonowas) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1982) (p. 54) Var. ciliaris Ohwi; vouchers cited: Hatusima 10710 (FU, isotype), Hosaka 2759 (US, BISH, POM, K, MO, CANB, L)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pohnpei Island	native	Herrera, Katherine/Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy/Balick, Michael J. (2010) (p. 58) Vouchers cited: S.F. Glassman 2741 (BISH), T. Hosokawa 5982 (BISH), M. Takamatsu 1084 (BISH)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Yap (Waqab) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 45)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Yap (Waqab) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1982) (p. 54) Voucher cited: Kanehira & Hatusima 4353 (KYO)
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island	introduced invasive	Smith, Albert C. (1979) (pp. 364-365) Vouchers cited: Greenwood 1178, DA 7597
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Babeldaob Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 45)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Babeldaob Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1982) (p. 54) Vouchers cited: Hosokawa 7387 (US), Kanehira & Hatusima 4548 (KYO)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Koror (Oreor) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1987) (p. 45)
Palau Palau (Belau ) (main island group)	Koror (Oreor) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1982) (p. 54) Voucher cited: Kanehira & Hatusima 4429 (KYO)
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	Papua New Guinea (eastern New Guinea Island)	native	Henty, E. E. (1969) (p. 114) Common on wet soil in grassland, garden clearings, etc., from about 3000 to 7000 ft.
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Philippines Philippine Islands	Philippine Islands	native	Merrill, Elmer D. (1925) (p. 59) In swamps about Lake Lanao, altitude about 650 m.
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands		Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 93)
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands	native	Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. (1988) (p. 83)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	New South Wales	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Australia Australia (continental)	Australia (continental)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) South Australia, Victoria
Australia Australia (continental)	Northern Territory	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Australia Australia (continental)	Queensland	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
China China	China (People's Republic of)	native	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013) Wet places, forming colonies, and as a weed of rice fields. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Yunnan, Zhejiang.
China China	Hong Kong	native	Wu, Te-lin (2001) (p. 339) On grasslands.
Indonesia Indonesia	Indonesia (Republic of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Japan Japan	Japan	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku
Japan Ryukyu Islands	Ryukyu Islands	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
North Korea North Korea	North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of)	native	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
South Korea South Korea	South Korea (Republic of)	native	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
Malaysia Malaysia	Malaysia (country of)	native	U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
New Zealand New Zealand	New Zealand (country)	introduced invasive	Edgar, E./Connor, H. (2000) (p. 596) "Edges of swamps and lake margins, often partly submerged, sometimes in deep gullies, coastal".
Singapore Singapore	Singapore (Republic of)		Waterhouse, D. F. (1993) (p. 66)
Singapore Singapore	Singapore (Republic of)	uncertain if introduced invasive	Chong, Kwek Yan/Tan, Hugh T. W./Corlett, Richard T. (2009) (p. 51) Weed of uncertain origin
Taiwan Taiwan Island	Taiwan Island	native	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013) Wet places, forming colonies, and as a weed of rice fields.
Thailand Thailand	Thailand (Kingdom of)	native	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
Vietnam Vietnam	Vietnam (Socialist Republic of)	native	Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)

Control:  If you know of control methods for Isachne globosa, please let us know.