Ipomoea violacea L., Convolvulaceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Other Latin names:  Convolvulus tuba Schlechtend.; Ipomoea macrantha Roem. & Schult.; Ipomoea tuba (Schlechtend.) G. Don

Common name(s): [more details]

Chamorro: alaihai

Chuukese: afaamach, afaarmarh, afamach, yafaamar

English: beach moonflower, Hawaiian moonflower, moonflower, ololiuqui, sea moonflower, white morning-glory, wild moon flower

Fijian: tombili, tombithi, wa ika

I-Kiribati: te ruku

Maori (Cook Islands): kākā, laupōuwe, pō‘ue, pō‘ue, poue

Marshallese: bele, marabele, maralap, marbele, marbelle, marlap, marpele

Niuean: fue tea

Pukapukan: lau pō‘ue, pōuwe

Rakahanga-Manihiki: rai pohue, rau pō‘ue, rau pō‘ue, rau-pohue makita

Samoan: fue itulā

Tahitian: pohue, pohue motu

Tongan: fue hina, fue lalahi, pula

Tongarevan: pohue sina

Habit:  vine

Description:  "Perennial vines; stems twining over beach plants or up brackish lagoon margins, herbaceous to woody toward base, up to 5 m or more long, glabrous.  Leaf blades coriaceous or fleshy, broadly ovate to reniform-ovate, 8-16 cm long, glabrous, margins entire or rarely few-toothed, apex acute to broadly acuminate, base cordate.  Flowers solitary or occasionally 2-3 (4) in cymes, pedicels 10-30 mm long; sepals coriaceous with membranous margins, ovate to ovate-elliptic, 1.5-2.5 cm long, glabrous, apex obtuse; corolla white, salverform, the tube 6-8 (-10) cm long, 0.5-0.8 cm in diameter, the limb campanulate to rotate.  Capsules tan to brown, tardily dehiscent, ovoid to subglobose, 2-2.5 cm in diameter.  Seeds 1-4, dark brown, ovoid, pubescent with short stiff hairs"  (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 560).

Habitat/ecology:  In Hawai‘i, "naturalized in wet sites, coastal areas, trailing over rocks or on sand" (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 560). In Fiji, "occurring near sea level or at low elevations on beaches, arid shores, lagoon cliffs, and in thickets" (Smith, 1991; pp. 55-56). In Kiribati (Butaritari and north Tarawa islands) climbing into and over vegetation. In Tonga, "common climbing in trees in littoral and coastal forest" (Whistler, 1992; pp. 16-17).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Pantropical (Smith, 1991; pp. 55-56; Wagner et al., 1999; p. 560).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
American Samoa American Samoa Islands	American Samoa Islands	native	Waterhouse, D. F. (1997) (p. 62)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Rose Atoll		Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 159)
American Samoa Manu‘a Islands	Ta‘u Island		Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 159)
American Samoa Swain's Island	Swain's Island	native	Whistler, W. A. (1983) (p. 10) Vouchers cited: Whistler 3393, Bryan 1374
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Aunu‘u Island		Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 159)
American Samoa Tutuila Islands	Tutuila Island		Whistler, W. A. (1980) (p. 159)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Rota Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Saipan Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US) Northern Mariana Islands	Tinian Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Cook Islands Northern Cook Islands	Manihiki Atoll	native	McCormack, Gerald (2008)
Cook Islands Northern Cook Islands	Manuae Atoll (Northern Cook Islands)	native	McCormack, Gerald (2008)
Cook Islands Northern Cook Islands	Nassau Island	native	McCormack, Gerald (2008)
Cook Islands Northern Cook Islands	Penrhyn (Tongareva) Island	native	McCormack, Gerald (2008)
Cook Islands Northern Cook Islands	Pukapuka Atoll	native	McCormack, Gerald (2008)
Cook Islands Northern Cook Islands	Rakahanga Atoll	native	McCormack, Gerald (2008)
Cook Islands Northern Cook Islands	Suwarrow (Taka) Atoll	native	McCormack, Gerald (2008)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Aitutaki Atoll	native	McCormack, Gerald (2008)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	‘Atiu Island	native	McCormack, Gerald (2008)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Mangaia Island	native	McCormack, Gerald (2008)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Ma‘uke Island	native	McCormack, Gerald (2008)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Miti‘aro Island	native	McCormack, Gerald (2008)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Rarotonga Island	native	McCormack, Gerald (2008)
Cook Islands Southern Cook Islands	Takutea Island	native	McCormack, Gerald (2008)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Lukunor (Núkúnooch) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Murilo (Mwiriné) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Namonuito (Namonweito, Nómwun Wiité) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Pis Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Puluwat (Pwonowót) Atoll	native	Manner, H. I./Mallon, E. (1989) (p. 57) Voucher cited: Manner & Mallon 306 (GUAM)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Satawan Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Federated States of Micronesia Chuuk Islands	Weno (Moen) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Federated States of Micronesia Kosrae Island	Kosrae Island		Lorence, David H./Flynn, Tim (2005) (p. 13) Voucher cited: Lorence 7896 (PTBG)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Ant Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Kapingamarangi Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Mokil Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Nukuoro Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Federated States of Micronesia Pohnpei Islands	Pingelap Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Eauripik Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Faraulep (Faraulap) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Gaferut Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Ifalik (Ifaluk) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Ulithi Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Woleai Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Federated States of Micronesia Yap Islands	Yap (Waqab) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Fiji Fiji Islands	Fulanga Island	native	Smith, Albert C. (1991) (pp. 55-56) Voucher cited: Smith 1209
Fiji Fiji Islands	Lakemba Island	native	Smith, Albert C. (1991) (pp. 55-56) Voucher cited: Garnock-Jones 924
Fiji Fiji Islands	Taveuni Island	native	Smith, Albert C. (1991) (pp. 55-56) Voucher cited: Seemann 333
Fiji Fiji Islands	Viti Levu Island	native	Smith, Albert C. (1991) (pp. 55-56) Vouchers cited: Degener 15328, Smith 4731, Meebold 16427, Parks 20458
Fiji Fiji Islands	Yathata Island	native	Smith, Albert C. (1991) (pp. 55-56) Voucher cited: DA 13622
French Polynesia French Polynesia Islands	French Polynesia Islands	native	Waterhouse, D. F. (1997) (p. 62)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Fatu Hiva Island	native	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2008)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Hatuta'a (Hatutu) Island	native	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2008)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Marquesas Islands	native	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 85)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Tahuata (Tuhuata) Island	native	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2008)
French Polynesia Marquesas Islands	Ua Pou (Huapu, Uapou, Uapu) Island	native	Lorence, David H./Wagner, Warren L. (2008)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Huahine Island	native	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 85) Voucher cited: Fosberg 61217
French Polynesia Society Islands	Maupiti (Maurua) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1987) (p. 58) Vouchers cited: Fosberg 64843 (US), Fosberg 64853 (US)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island	native	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 85) Voucher cited: Cartier 149
French Polynesia Society Islands	Moorea Island	native	University of California (2006) As Ipomoea macrantha "Grows on upper beach of Motu (reef islands), especially Temae".
French Polynesia Society Islands	Mopelia (Mapetia, Maupiha‘a, Maupihoa, Mopiha‘a) Atoll	native	Sachet, M.-H. (1983) (p. 32) Voucher cited: Sachet 916 (US)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Motu One (Bellingshausen) Atoll		Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 32)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Raiatea (Havai) Island	native	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 85) Voucher cited: Moore 604
French Polynesia Society Islands	Manuae (Scilly) Atoll (Society Islands)		Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 32)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Taha‘a Island		Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 32)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tahiti Island		Fosberg, F. R. (1997) (p. 32)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tetiaroa Atoll	native	Sachet, M.-H./Fosberg, F. R. (1983) (p. 50) Vouchers cited: Wilder 306 (BISH), Fosberg 54576 (US), Sachet 2647 (US), Fosberg & Sachet 54640 (US), Raynal 18005 (P)
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tupai (Tubai) Island	native	Welsh, S. L. (1998) (p. 85) Voucher cited: Sachet 1966
French Polynesia Society Islands	Tupai (Tubai) Island	native	Sachet, M.-H. (1983) (p. 21) Vouchers cited: Sachet 1966 (US), Grant 4851 (BISH)
French Polynesia Tuamotu Archipelago	Raroia Atoll		Doty, Maxwell S. (1954) (p. 29)
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	native	Stone, Benjamin C. (1970) (p. 494) Voucher cited: Stone 4662 (GUAM)
Guam Guam Island	Guam Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Hawai‘i (Big) Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 560-561)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Maui Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 560-561)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	Moloka‘i Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 560-561) Voucher cited: Rock s.n. (BISH)
State of Hawaii Hawaiian Islands	O‘ahu Island	introduced invasive	Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (pp. 560-561)
Japan (offshore islands) Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands	Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands		Kato, Hidetoshi (2007)
Kiribati Line Islands	Caroline Atoll	native	Kepler, Angela K./Kepler, Cameron B. (1994) (pp. 54-56)
Kiribati Line Islands	Caroline Atoll		Clapp, R. B./Sibley, F. C. (1971) (p. 8) Vouchers cited: Long 3228 (HAW), Long 3251 (HAW), Long 3293 (HAW)
Kiribati Line Islands	Tabuaeran (Fanning) Atoll	native	Wester, Lyndon (1985) (p. 29)
Kiribati Line Islands	Teraina (Washington) Island	native	Wester, Lyndon (1985) (p. 29)
Kiribati Phoenix Islands	Enderbury Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Stoddart, D. R. (1994) (p. 19) Vouchers cited: Fosberg & Stoddart 54735 (US, HAW, K), Bryan 13 (BISH), Bryan 31 (BISH), Bryan 1333 (BISH), Lamb in 1938 (BISH), Marshall 11, Long 2099 (BISH, US), Long 2655 (US), Long 2678 (BISH, US), Clegern 138 (BISH)
Kiribati Phoenix Islands	Kanton Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Stoddart, D. R. (1994) (p. 19) Vouchers cited: Degener & Hatheway 21309, Degener & Hatheway 21310, Degener 24359 (BISH), Degener 24360 (BISH), Luomala 42 (BISH), Luomala 43 (BISH), Bryan 25 (BISH), Clegern 41 (BISH), Fosberg 55725 (US, BISH, K)
Kiribati Phoenix Islands	Kanton Island	native	Luomala, Katharine (1951) (p. 173) Vouchers cited: Luomala 42, Luomala 43
Kiribati Phoenix Islands	Manra (Sydney) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Stoddart, D. R. (1994) (p. 19) Vouchers cited: Fosberg & Stoddart 54858 (US, HAW, K), Long 2538 (BISH, US), Long 2584 (BISH, US)
Kiribati Phoenix Islands	Nikumaroro (Gardner) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Stoddart, D. R. (1994) (p. 19) Vouchers cited: Woodward & Long 2523 (US), Long 2503 (BISH, US), Fosberg 55774 (US, BISH, K)
Kiribati Phoenix Islands	Orona (Hull) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Stoddart, D. R. (1994) (p. 19) Vouchers cited: Fosberg & Stoddart 24793 (US, HAW, K), Long 2071 (BISH, US), Clegern 85 (BISH)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Butaritari Atoll	possibly introduced invasive	Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. (2004) (p. 14) Voucher: Imada 2003-50 (BISH 697665). Possibly a modern introduction as it was not mentioned previously in literature.
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Nonouti Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Nonouti Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1987) (p. 26)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Onotoa Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Onotoa Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1987) (p. 26)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Onotoa Atoll		Moul, Edwin T. (1957) (p. 19) Vouchers cited: Moul 8338 (US), Moul 8197 (US)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Tabiteuea Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Tarawa Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Kiribati Tungaru (Gilbert) Islands	Tarawa Atoll	native	Space, James C./Imada, Clyde T. (2004) (p. 14) Voucher: Imada 2003-183 (BISH 6977940)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Ailinginae (Ailiginae) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Ailinginae (Ailiginae) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R. (1959) (p. 6) Voucher cited: Fosberg 36693 (US)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Ailinglaplap (Ailinglapalap) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Bikini (Pikinni) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Ebon (Epoon) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. Raymond (1990) (p. 31)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Enewetak (Ãnewetak) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Enewetak (Ãnewetak) Atoll	native	St. John, Harold (1960) (p. 332) Vouchers cited: St. John 23781, St. John 23825, St. John 23720, Taylor 46-1346, Taylor 46-1290, Taylor 46-1239, Lane 57-119
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Enewetak (Ãnewetak) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (p. 18) Vouchers cited: Fosberg 24285 (US), Fosberg 24305 (US), Fosberg 24342 (US), Fosberg 24349 (US)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Jaluit (Jãlwõj) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Jaluit (Jãlwõj) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1962) (p. 32) Vouchers cited: St. John 21680 (BISH), Fosberg 26685 (US), Fosberg 39460 (US)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kili (Kõle) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kili (Kõle) Atoll	native	Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2006) (p. 7) "Common; along beaches, in fields; potentially useful controller of exotic species".
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll	native	Whistler, W. A./Steele, O. (1999) (pp. 44-45) Vouchers cited: Fosberg 26472, Fosberg 26519, Fosberg 34119, Herbst 8935, Whistler 11156
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Kwajalein (Kuwajleen) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (p. 18) Vouchers cited: Fosberg 34119 (US), Fosberg 26472 (US), Fosberg 26519 (US)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Lae Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Lae Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (p. 18) Vouchers cited: Fosberg 34056 (US), Fosberg 34083 (US)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Namu Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. Raymond (1990) (p. 31)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Rongelap (Roñlap) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Rongerik (Roñdik) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Ujae Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Ujae Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (p. 18) Voucher cited: Fosberg 34362 (US)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Ujelang Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Ujelang Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (p. 18) Voucher cited: Fosberg 34178 (US)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Wotho (Wõtto) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Marshall Islands Ralik Chain	Wotho (Wõtto) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (p. 18) Voucher cited: Fosberg 34239 (US)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Ailuk (Aelok) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Ailuk (Aelok) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (p. 18) Voucher cited: Fosberg 33942 (US)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Arno Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Arno Atoll		Anderson, Donald (1951) (p. iii) Voucher cited: Anderson 36224
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Arno Atoll	native invasive	Vander Velde, Nancy/Vander Velde, Brian (2007) (p. 7) "Common; in uncleared forest areas".
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Aur Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Aur Atoll	native	St. John, Harold (1951) (p. 285) Voucher cited: St. John 21385 (BISH)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Bokak (Taongi, Pokak) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. Raymond (1990) (p. 31)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Bokak (Taongi, Pokak) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (p. 18) Voucher cited: Fosberg 34526 (US)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Jemo Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Jemo Island	native	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (p. 18) Voucher cited: Fosberg 33890 (US)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Likiep Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Likiep Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (p. 18) Voucher cited: Fosberg 27053 (US)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll	native	Vander Velde, Nancy (2003) (p. 85)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Majuro (Mãjro) Atoll	native	St. John, Harold (1951) (p. 285)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Mejit (Mãjej) Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Utirik (Utrõk) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Utirik (Utrõk) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (p. 18) Vouchers cited: Fosberg 33661 (US), Fosberg 33677 (US), Fosberg 33700 (US)
Marshall Islands Ratak Chain	Wotje (Wõjjã) Atoll	native	Fosberg, F. Raymond (1990) (p. 31)
Nauru Nauru Island	Nauru Island	native	Thaman, R. R./Fosberg, F. R./Manner, H. I./Hassall, D. C. (1994) (pp. 118-119) Vouchers cited: Fosberg 58666 (US), Fosberg 58735 (US), Scully 131N (US), Thaman & Manner 118 (SUVA)
New Caledonia Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands)	Île Lifou	native	Heine, Heino (1984) (pp. 82-83) Voucher cited: MacKee 28294
New Caledonia Îles Loyauté (Loyalte Islands)	Île Maré	native	Heine, Heino (1984) (pp. 82-83) Voucher cited: MacKee 25348
New Caledonia Matthew Island	Île Matthew	native	Heine, Heino (1984) (pp. 82-83) Voucher cited: Hmakone & Sam in MacKee 25837
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Grande Terre	native	Heine, Heino (1984) (pp. 82-83) Vouchers cited: Balansa 545, Balansa 3354, Baumann 6809, Baumann 7415, Baumann 15579, Denizot s.n., Deplanche 325 s.loc., MacKee 3326, MacKee31751, MacKee 31772, MacKee 34869, Cherrier in MacKee 35637, Veillon 1258
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île des Pins (Isle of Pines)	native	Heine, Heino (1984) (pp. 82-83) Voucher cited: Baumann 13401
New Caledonia New Caledonia Archipelago	Île Ouen	native	Heine, Heino (1984) (pp. 82-83) Voucher cited: Schmid 3698
Niue Niue	Niue Island	native	Sykes, W. R. (1970) (p. 73) as Ipomoea tuba (Schlecht.) F. Don
Niue Niue	Niue Island	native	Space, James C./Flynn, Tim (2000) (p. 7) Voucher: Flynn 6681 (PTBG)
Niue Niue	Niue Island	native	Whistler, W. A./Atherton, J. (1997) (p. 30) Voucher cited: Whistler 10802
Niue Niue	Niue Island	native	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara M./Newfield, Melanie/Bull, Cate (2004) (p. 16)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Babeldaob Island	native	Space, James C./Waterhouse, Barbara/Miles, Joel E./Tiobech, Joseph/Rengulbai, Kashgar (2003) (p. 18)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Kayangel (Ngcheangel) Island		Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1979) (voucher ID: BNM 1176) Taxon name on voucher: Ipomoea macrantha
Palau Palau (main island group)	Koror Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Palau Palau (main island group)	Peleliu Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Palau Rock Islands	Ngeanges Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Palau Sonsorol Group	Merir Island		Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1992) (voucher ID: BNM 92) Taxon name on voucher: Ipomoea violacea L.
Palau Sonsorol Group	Sonsorol Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
Palau Sonsorol Group	Sonsorol Island		Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1970) (voucher ID: BNM 284) Taxon name on voucher: Ipomoea macrantha
Palau Sonsorol Group	Sonsorol Island		Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.) (1968) (voucher ID: BNM 293) Taxon name on voucher: Ipomoea macrantha
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands	Henderson Island	native	Paulay, Gustav/Spencer, T. (1989) (p. 5)
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands	Henderson Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Paulay, Gustav/Spencer, T./Oliver, Royce (1989) (p. 9) Voucher cited: Paulay & Spencer 609 (US), Paulay & Spencer 627 (US, BISH)
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands	Pitcairn Island	native	St. John, H. (1987) (p. 48) Voucher cited: Fosberg 11333
Samoa Western Samoa Islands	Western Samoa Islands	native	Waterhouse, D. F. (1997) (p. 62)
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands	native	Hancock, I. R./Henderson, C. P. (1988) (p. 83)
Tokelau Tokelau Islands	Tokelau Islands	native	Waterhouse, D. F. (1997) (p. 62)
Tonga Ha‘apai Group	Ha‘apai Islands	native	Whistler, W. A. (1992) (pp. 16-17) Vouchers cited: Yuncker 15776, Hotta 4157, Soakai 427, Buelow 399, Buelow 836
Tonga Ha‘apai Group	Lifuka Island	native	Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (pp. 227-228) Voucher cited: Yuncker 15776
Tonga Ha‘apai Group	Tofua Island	native	Whistler, W. A. (1992) (pp. 16-17) Voucher cited: Buelow 488
Tonga Tonga Islands	Tonga Islands	native	Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (pp. 227-228) "Occasional throughout Tonga".
Tonga Tongatapu Group	‘Eua Island	native	Whistler, W. A. (1992) (pp. 16-17) Vouchers cited: Parks 16353, Yuncker 15596, Sykes 555, Whistler 7374
Tonga Tongatapu Group	‘Eua Island	native	Yuncker, T. G. (1959) (pp. 227-228) Voucher cited: Yuncker 15596
Tonga Tongatapu Group	Tongatapu Island	native	Whistler, W. A. (1992) (pp. 16-17) Vouchers cited: Setchell & Parks 15450, Soakai 576 (not at K), Hotta 4492, Hotta 5667
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Late Island	native	Whistler, W. A. (1992) (pp. 16-17) Buelow & Sykes 260
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Niuafo‘ou Island	native	Whistler, W. A. (1992) (pp. 16-17) Vouchers cited: Buelow 2132, Buelow 15776
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Tafahi Island	native	Whistler, W. A. (1992) (pp. 16-17) Voucher cited: Hurlimann 694
Tonga Vava‘u Group	Vava‘u Island	native	Whistler, W. A. (1992) (pp. 16-17) Vouchers cited: Buelow 912, Whistler 6578?, Whistler 6584
Tuvalu Tuvalu (Ellis) Islands	Nui Atoll		Woodroffe, C. D. (1985) (p. 14) Voucher cited: Woodroffe 177 (CHR)
Tuvalu Tuvalu (Ellis) Islands	Tuvalu Islands	native	Waterhouse, D. F. (1997) (p. 62)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Johnston Atoll	Johnston Island	possibly native	Amerson, A. Binion, Jr./Shelton, Philip C. (1976) (p. 59)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Palmyra Atoll	Palmyra Atoll	native	Wester, Lyndon (1985) (p. 29)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Wake Islands	Wake Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Wake Islands	Wake Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, M.-H. (1969) (p. 13)
United States (other Pacific offshore islands) Wake Islands	Wake Island	native	Fosberg, F. R. (1955) (p. 18) Voucher cited: Fosberg 33614 (US)
Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna (Horne) Islands	Wallis and Futuna Islands	native	Waterhouse, D. F. (1997) (p. 62)

Indian Ocean
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands) Christmas Island Group	Christmas Island	native	Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1993) (p. 16)
Australia (Indian Ocean offshore islands) Cocos (Keeling) Islands	Cocos (Keeling) Islands	native	Orchard, Anthony E., ed. (1993) (p. 37)
British Indian Ocean Territory Chagos Archipelago	Diego Garcia Island		Stoddart, D. R./Taylor, J. D., eds. (1971) (p. 156) Vouchers cited: Bourne 27 (K), Stoddart 889 (K, US), Stoddart 786 (K, US)
Maldives Maldive Islands	Addu Atoll		Spicer, R. A./Newberry, D. MacC. (1979) (p. 13)
Maldives Maldive Islands	Malè Atoll		Fosberg, F. R. (1957) (p. 31) "Very rare in Cordia-Pemphis thicket". Coucher cited: Fosberg 36902 (US)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Agalega Island	native	Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Stoddart, D. R. (1983) (p. 118) Voucher cited: Wiehe 1606 (MAU)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Alphonse Island		Robertson, I. A. D./Robertson, S. A./Fosberg, F. R. (1983) (p. 180) Voucher cited: Robertson 2823 (K)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Coetivy Island		Robertson, S. A./Fosberg, F. R. (1983) (p. 148) Voucher cited: Robertson 3070 (K)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Cousin Island	native	Fosberg, F. R. (1983) (p. 31) Voucher cited: Fosberg 52049 (US)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	D'Arros Island		Stoddart, D. R./Coe, M. J./Fosberg, F. R. (1979) (p. 24) Vouchers cited: Gwynne & Wood 929 (EA), Gwynne & Wood 932 (EA)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Desnoeufs Island		Wilson, J. R. (1983) (p. 208)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Frégate Island		Robertson, S. A./Todd, D. M. (1983) (p. 49)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Marie-Louise Island		Wilson, J. R. (1983) (p. 190)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	Platte Island		Robertson, S. A./Fosberg, F. R. (1983) (p. 160) Voucher cited: Robertson 3036 (K)
Seychelles Seychelles Islands	St. Joseph Island		Stoddart, D. R./Coe, M. J./Fosberg, F. R. (1979) (p. 47) Vouchers cited: Stoddart 7184 (US), Stoddart 7228 (US)

Comments:  This species exhibits aggressive behavior in Kiribati (Butaritari and north Tarawa) (Space & Imada, 2004). While it is native throughout the Pacific, it does not occur on all islands and probably should not be introduced where it is not already present. Fosberg et al. (1987, p. 26) did not collect it on Butaritari and it is possibly an introduction there (local people say it was not formerly present). The species is naturalized in Hawai‘i (Wagner et al., 1999; p. 560).

Additional information:
Additional online information about Ipomoea violacea is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Ipomoea violacea as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Ipomoea violacea may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

Other Latin names:  Convolvulus tuba Schlechtend.; Ipomoea macrantha Roem. & Schult.; Ipomoea tuba (Schlechtend.) G. Don

References:

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Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.). 1968. Voucher specimen #BNM293(Berry 61).

Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.). 1970. Voucher specimen #BNM284(Salsedo 397).

Beleu National Museum (Republic of Palau. Koror.). 1979. Voucher specimen #BNM1176(Canfield 707).

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