(Burm.f.) Merr., Convolvulaceae |
|
Present on Pacific Islands? yes
Primarily a threat at high elevations? no
Risk assessment results: Risk assessment from the Government of Queensland, Australia (PDF format).
Other Latin names: Convolvulus indicus Burm.; Ipomoea acuminata (Vahl) Roem. & Schult.; Ipomoea cathartica Poir.; Ipomoea learii Paxton; Ipomoea versicolor Meisn.
Common name(s): [more details]
Chinese: bian se qian niu |
English: blue dawnflower, blue morning-glory, common morning-glory, morning glory, ocean-blue morning-glory, perennial morning-glory, purple morning-glory, purple-flower bellvine, purple-flower morning-glory, tall morning-glory |
Fijian: wa sasala, wa sasala vuti, wa sovivi, wa voji, wa vuli, wa vuti |
Hawaiian: koali awa, koali awahia, koali lāau, koali pehu |
Palauan: oliemad |
Tongan: fue ae puaka |
Habit: vine
Description: "Vines; stems twining, herbaceous to somewhat woody near base, often more than 5 m long, many-branched, appressed pubescent to glabrate. Leaf blades membranous, broadly ovate, 5-9 cm long, densely pubescent, especially on lower surface, or glabrate or completely glabrous, 3-lobed or entire, apex acuminate to obtuse, base cordate, petioles about as long as blades. Flowers 1 to few in cymes, these usually silky white pubescent, pedicels ca. 10 mm long; sepals herbaceous, lanceolate to ovate, 14-23 mm long, appressed pubescent to glabrate, apex long-acuminate to acuminate; corolla blue or purple, rarely white, funnelform, 5-7 cm long, the limb 6-8 cm in diameter. Capsules brown, often 4-angled, globose or somewhat flattened apically, up to 1 cm in diameter, glabrous. Seeds (1-) 4, tan to dark brown, rounded, 4-5 mm long, glabrous" (Wagner et al., 1999; pp. 556-557).
Description from Flora of China online.
Habitat/ecology: "Forest edges, riparian habitats, woodland, seasonal freshwater wetlands. In the native range, this herb grows in coastal sites, moist forests and disturbed places. The trailing stems lead to dense infestation that crowd out native vegetation by smothering shrubs and trees" (Weber, 2003; p. 217).
In Hawaii, "common in low elevation, dry, often disturbed areas, usually below 150 (-1,250) m" (Wagner et al., 1999; pp. 556-557). In Fiji, "from near sea level to 750 m in forest or on its edges, in thickets, on reeds in open places, and as an occasional weed in plantations and waste places and along roadsides" (Smith, 1991; pp. 62-63). In New Zealand, "forest and scrub margins, around gardens and plantations. Plants of blue morning glory are often very vigorous and may smother trees and shrubs" (Webb et al., 1988; 558).
Propagation: Seed and stem fragments. Stems easily root at nodes. "Plants in New Zealand and Australia do not form viable seeds. Cut stems resprout vigorously" (Weber, 2003; p. 217).
Native range: Pantropical (Wagner et al., 1999; pp. 556-557). South America, now circumtropical as a cultivated and naturalized plant (Flora of China online).
Presence:
Pacific | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Australia (Pacific offshore islands)
Norfolk Islands |
Norfolk Island |
probably introduced
abo. intro. |
Australian Biological Resources Study (2013) |
Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island) |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John (2011) |
Chile (offshore islands)
Juan Fernández Islands |
Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island) |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido (2006) (p. 554) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Agrigan (Agrihan) Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Aguijan (Agiguan, Aguihan) Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Alamagan Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Alamagan Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (p. 37)
Voucher cited: Fosberg 31731 (US) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Guguan Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Guguan Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Falanruw, M. V. C./Sachet, M.-H. (1975) (p. 37)
Voucher cited: Falanruuw 1848 (US) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Rota Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Sarigan Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Northern Mariana Islands |
Tinian Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224) |
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (US)
Saipan |
Saipan Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224) |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Aitutaki Atoll |
introduced
invasive |
McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Naturalised |
Cook Islands
Southern Cook Islands |
Rarotonga Island |
introduced
invasive |
McCormack, Gerald (2013)
Naturalised |
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Fefan Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
var. hosakae Fosb. |
Federated States of Micronesia
Chuuk Islands |
Weno (Moen) Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224)
var. hosakae Fosb. |
Federated States of Micronesia
Kosrae Island |
Kosrae Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Kosrae Island |
Kosrae Island |
Sanney, Jacob A. (2013) (p. 19)
"ecological aspects such as their taxonomy, native range and invasiveness can be clarified; and management options considered" |
|
Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei Islands |
Pohnpei Island |
native
|
Herrera, Katherine/Lorence, David H./Flynn, Timothy/Balick, Michael J. (2010) (p. 80)
Vouchers cited: E. Albert 22 (NY, PTBG), E. Albert 186 (NY, PTBG), F. Sohl 18 (NY, PTBG), F. Sohl 24 (NY, PTBG) |
Federated States of Micronesia
Yap Islands |
Satawal Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224) |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Lakemba Island |
native
|
Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 63)
Voucher cited: Garnock-Jones 885 |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Ovalau Island |
native
|
Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 63)
Voucher cited: Smith 7402 |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Taveuni Island |
native
|
Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 63)
Vouchers cited: Weiner 71-7-45b, DA 14412 |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Vanua Levu Island |
native
|
Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 63)
Vouchers cited: Smith 6596, Smith 358, DA 12067 |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Vanua Mbalavu Island |
native
|
Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 63)
Voucher cited: Garnock-Jones 1120 |
Fiji
Fiji Islands |
Viti Levu Island |
native
|
Smith, Albert C. (1991) (p. 63)
Vouchers cited: Greenwood 300, Smith 4275, Smith 8755, Weiner 278, Weiner 153, H.B.R. Parham 379, Smith 7094, DA 11042, H.B.R. Parham 15 |
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Akamaru Island |
native
|
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) |
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Akamaru Island |
native
|
St. John, Harold (1988) (p. 22)
Voucher cited: St. John 14681 (BISH) |
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Mangareva (Gambier) Island |
native
|
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) |
French Polynesia
Gambier Islands |
Mangareva (Gambier) Island |
native
|
St. John, Harold (1988) (p. 22)
Vouchers cited: St. John 14484 (BISH), St. John 14562 (BISH), St. John 11354 (BISH) |
French Polynesia
Society Islands |
Tahiti Island |
native
|
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) |
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Rapa Island |
native
|
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) |
French Polynesia
Austral (Tubuai) Islands |
Tubuai Island |
native
|
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013) |
Guam
Guam Island |
Guam Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Hawaii (Big) Island |
native
|
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 557) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Kahoolawe Island |
native
|
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 557) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Kauai Island |
native
|
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 557) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Kure Atoll |
native
|
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 557) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Lānai Island |
native
|
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 557) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Laysan Island |
native
|
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 557) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Lisianski Island |
native
|
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 557) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Maui Island |
native
|
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 557) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Molokai Island |
native
|
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 557) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Nihoa Island |
native
|
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 557) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Niihau Island |
native
|
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 557) |
State of Hawaii
Hawaiian Islands |
Oahu Island |
native
|
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 557) |
Japan (offshore islands)
Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands |
Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands |
native
|
Kato, Hidetoshi (2007) |
Niue
Niue |
Niue Island |
native
|
Whistler, W. A. (1988) (p. 14)
Voucher cited: Sykes 1093 |
Niue
Niue |
Niue Island |
Whistler, W. Arthur (1984) (p. 566)
collected by Sykes in 1975 (pers. comm. to Arthur Whistler) |
|
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Angaur (Ngeaur) Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224) |
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Koror (Oreor) Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224) |
Palau
Palau (Belau ) (main island group) |
Ngerkebesang Island |
native
|
Fosberg, F. R./Sachet, Marie-Hélène/Oliver, Royce (1979) (p. 224) |
Pitcairn Islands
Pitcairn Islands |
Pitcairn Island |
introduced
invasive |
Florence, J./Chevillotte, H./Ollier, C./Meyer, J.-Y. (2013)
"En masses denses étouffant la végétation herbacée ou en draperies sur les arbres. Très abondante au village, introduite comme ornementale, il y a plus de 50 ans". Voucher cited: J. Florence 10784 (PAP) |
Samoa
Western Samoa Islands |
Western Samoa Islands | Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 93) | |
Tonga
Tonga Islands |
Tonga Islands | Swarbrick, John T. (1997) (p. 93) | |
Tonga
Tongatapu Group |
Eua Island |
native
|
Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 16)
Vouchers cited: Parks 16066, Yuncker 15478, Hotta 5189 n.s., Sykes 617, Whistler 5978, Whistler 6473, Whistler 7375 |
Tonga
Tongatapu Group |
Tongatapu Island |
native
|
Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 16)
Vouchers cited: Nelson n.s., Setchell & Parks 15249, Hurlimann 49, Yuncker 15040, Yuncker 15273, Yuncker 16231, Hotta 4085 n.s., Hotta 5102 n.s., Alexander 5803, Lawarence 8, Soakai 619, Buelow 109, Whistler 6729 |
Tonga
Vavau Group |
Niuatoputapu Island |
native
|
Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 16)
Voucher cited: Kirch 226 |
Tonga
Vavau Group |
Vavau Island |
native
|
Whistler, W. A. (1992) (p. 16)
Vouchers cited: Crosby n.s., Buelow 933 |
United States (other Pacific offshore islands)
Midway Atoll |
Midway Atoll |
native
|
Wagner, Warren L./Herbst, Derral R./Sohmer, S. H. (1999) (p. 557) |
United States (other Pacific offshore islands)
Midway Atoll |
Sand Island |
native
|
Starr, Forest/Starr, Kim/Loope, Lloyd (2008) (pp. B-9) |
Pacific Rim | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
New South Wales |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
National Herbarium of New South Wales (2013)
"Widely cultivated; garden escape". |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Queensland |
introduced
invasive |
Queensland Herbarium (2002) (p. 4) |
Australia
Australia (continental) |
Queensland |
introduced
invasive cultivated |
National Herbarium of New South Wales (2013)
"Widely cultivated; garden escape". |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Costa Rica (Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Guatemala (Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Nicaragua (Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
Central America
Central America (Pacific rim) |
Panama (Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
China
China |
China (People's Republic of) |
probably introduced
invasive cultivated |
Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
Coastal habitats, moist forests, weedy; 0-500 m. Guangdong, Hainan (Nanhai Zhudao) |
Indonesia
Indonesia |
Indonesia (Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
Japan
Japan |
Japan |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku |
Japan
Ryukyu Islands |
Ryukyu Islands |
native
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013) |
Mexico
Mexico |
Mexico (United Mexican States) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
New Zealand
New Zealand |
New Zealand (country) |
introduced
invasive |
Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 558) |
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Chile (Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Colombia |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
South America (Pacific rim)
South America (Pacific rim) |
Perú (Republic of) |
introduced
invasive |
U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. (2013)
Naturalized |
Taiwan
Taiwan Island |
Taiwan Island |
probably introduced
invasive cultivated |
Zhengyi, Wu/Raven, Peter H./Deyuan, Hong (2013)
Coastal habitats, moist forests, weedy; 0-500 m. |
United States (west coast)
United States (west coast states) |
USA (California) |
introduced
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013) |
Indian Ocean | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
Seychelles
Seychelles Islands |
Seychelles Islands |
introduced
|
Invasive Species Specialist Group (2017) |
Also reported from | |||
Country/Terr./St. & Island group |
Location |
Cited status &
Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction? |
Reference &
Comments |
United States (continental except west coast)
United States (other states) |
United States (other states) |
introduced
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013)
Alabama, Louisana, Mississippi, Texas |
United States (continental except west coast)
United States (other states) |
USA (Florida) |
introduced
|
U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2013) |
Comments: While this species is native throughout most of the Pacific region, it is an aggressive vine and should not be introduced to islands where it is not present.
Control:
Physical: "Small inrfestations can be removed manually, but all roots and all stems touching the ground must be removed"
Chemical: "Chemical control is done by cutting vines at breast height, laying the lower portions on the ground and spraying them with herbicide" (Weber, 2003; p. 217).