Fumaria capreolata L., Papaveraceae

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Present on Pacific Islands?  yes

Primarily a threat at high elevations?  no

Common name(s): [more details]

English: climbing fumitory, white ramping-fumitory

Spanish: flor de la culebra

Habit:  herb

Description:  "Scrambling or climbing annual herb. Leaves distant; lamina dissected, pale green, up to 10 x 7 cm; segments narrow-oblong or narrow-cuneiform. Inflorescence dense, with up to 20 flowers; rachis < peduncle. Peduncle 2-6-(8) cm long; bracts linear, acute, < pedicels, c. 2 x 0.5 mm; pedicels recurved in late flowering and fruiting, 4-6 mm long. Sepals ovate, dentate, subacute, (3)-4-6 x (1.5)-2-3 mm. Corolla creamy white with blackish red wings and tips, suffused with pink after pollination, 9-11 mm long; lower petal with erect margins. Fruit globose to obovoid, smooth, obscurely keeled, c. 2 x 2 mm; apex obtuse; apical pits small" (Webb et al., 1988; p. 718).

"Plants 1-8 dm. Inflorescences , excluding peduncle, 2-3.5 cm; bracteoles equaling or shorter than pedicels. Flowers: pedicel rigidly arcuate-recurved in fruit, ca. 3 mm; corolla 9-14 mm, spur 2-3 mm; outer petals white; inner petals white near base, deep red or dark purple apically. Capsules globose, slightly compressed, 2-2.5 mm in diameter, smooth or nearly so"  (Flora of North America online).

Habitat/ecology:  In New Zealand, Roadsides, hedgerows"  (Webb et al., 1988; p. 718).  In Florida (U.S.), "waste places, ditches, cultivated fields; 0-50 m"  (Flora of North America online).  "In Chile this species grows in the following environmental conditions:  Medium altitude up to the timber line; low altitude, interior valleys; coastal mountains, 500-2000 m; coastal areas, 0-500 m. Humid areas, with almost constant rainfall, short dry periods are possible (generally not longer than 1 month); somewhat dry areas where the drought may last 3-5 months, precipitations of 400-800 mm. are concentrated in winter. Fully exposed to the sun, level areas or slopes facing north; some shadow, some protection against direct sunlight, some shadow from vegetation, filtering about 20-40% of light"  (Chileflora).

Propagation:  Seed

Native range:  Canary Islands, northern Africa, Europe, western Asia; naturalized elsewhere (GRIN).

Presence:

Pacific
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island)	introduced invasive	Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John (2011)
Chile (offshore islands) Juan Fernández Islands	Isla Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe Island)	introduced invasive	Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido (2006) (p. 554)

Pacific Rim
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
Australia Australia (continental)	New South Wales	introduced invasive	National Herbarium of New South Wales (2011) "Widespread garden weed".
Chile (continental) Chile	Chile (Republic of)	introduced	Belov, Michail (2011)
Japan Japan	Japan (country)	introduced	Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro (2004) (p. 183)
New Zealand New Zealand	New Zealand (country)	introduced invasive	Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. (1988) (p. 715)
United States (west coast) United States (west coast states)	USA (California)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2011)

Also reported from
Country/Terr./St. & Island group	Location	Cited status & Cited as invasive & Cited as cultivated & Cited as aboriginal introduction?	Reference & Comments
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	United States (other states)	introduced	U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. (2011) New York
United States (continental except west coast) United States (other states)	USA (Florida)	introduced	Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. (2011)

Additional information:
Photos and other information from Chileflora.

Additional online information about Fumaria capreolata is available from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).

Information about Fumaria capreolata as a weed (worldwide references) may be available from the Global Compendium of Weeds (GCW).

Taxonomic information about Fumaria capreolata may be available from the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

References:

Atkinson, Rachel/Sawyer, John. 2011. Naturalized species in the Juan Fernández Archipelago, Chile. Unpublished spreadsheet.

Belov, Michail. 2011. Chileflora (online resource).

Danton, Philippe/Perrier, Christophe/Martinez Reyes, Guido. 2006. Nouveau catalogue de la flore vaculaire de l'archipel Juan Fernández (Chile) [Nuevo catálogo de la flora vacular del Archipélago Juan Fernández (Chile)]. Acta Bot. Gallica 153(4):399-587.

Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 2011. Flora of North America North of Mexico (online edition).

Mito, Toshikazu/Uesugi, Tetsuro. 2004. Invasive alien species in Japan: the status quo and the new regulation for prevention of their adverse effects. Global Environmental Research 8(2)/2004: 171-191.

National Herbarium of New South Wales. 2011. PlantNet: New South Wales Flora online. The Plant Information Network System of the Botanic Gardens Trust Version 2.0. Online resource.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Res. Serv. 2011. National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online searchable database.

U.S. Dept. Agr., Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. 2011. The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.

Webb, C. J./Sykes, W. R./Garnock-Jones, P. J. 1988. Flora of New Zealand, Volume IV: Naturalised pteridophytes, gymnosperms, dicotyledons. Botany Division, DSIR, Christchurch. 1365 pp.